I-Kafka kwi-Acid: Uvavanyo lukaJulian Assange

NguFelicity Ruby, nge-19 kaSeptemba 2020

ukusuka Ukuxhatshazwa Okudumile

UJulian Assange kufuneka avuke ngaphambi kokuntwela kokusa ukuze asuke kwiNtolongo yaseBelmarsh aye kwinkundla yamatyala e-Old Bailey, apho ityala lakhe lokukhululwa laqala khona nge-7 kaSeptemba, kangangeeveki ezine. Unxityiswa enkundleni kuphela ukuze akhululwe ngaphambi kokuba afakwe kwibhokisi ekhupha umoya i-Serco van kuhambo lwemizuzu engama-90 ukunqumla eLondon kwinqwelo-mafutha iiyure ezininzi. Emva kokulinda ebotshwe izandla kwizisele zokubamba, ufakwa kwibhokisi yeglasi engasemva kwenkundla. Emva koko wanyanzelwa ukuba abuyele kwiveni yakwaSerco ukuze ahlulwe aphinde akhangelwe eBelmarsh ukuze ajongane nobunye ubusuku yedwa kwisisele sakhe.

Isenzo samva nje sethiyetha yezomthetho saqala ngokubanjwa kukaJulian phantsi kwizisele ze-Old Bailey, ngaphambi kokubona amagqwetha akhe okokuqala kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Ngaphandle kwayo yonke imihla ebekiweyo yamaxwebhu sele edlulile ixesha elide, ngaphandle kokumanyelwa kwetyala lokubuyiselwa kwelizwe ukusukela ngoFebruwari (ngoMeyi udliwano-ndlebe luhlehliselwe uSeptemba ngenxa ye-COVID-19), kwaye emva abakhuseli bazingenise zonke iingxoxo zabo kunye nobungqina obuninzi, iUnited States yakhupha enye isimangalo, apho uJulian wayefuna ukubanjwa kwakhona.

Isityholo sokuqala savulwa yi-United States, njengoko uJulian wathi kuya kwenzeka, ngomhla i-Ecuador yamkhupha ngayo kwindlu yozakuzo, 11 April 2019. Esi sityholo yayiliyelenqe lokungenelela kwikhompyutha. Ityala lesibini lafika kwiiveki ezimbalwa kamva, kuqhubeke 23 Meyi 2019, Ukongeza iintlawulo ezilishumi elinesixhenxe ngaphezulu phantsi kwe-US Umthetho we-Espionage, okokuqala lo Mthetho usetyenziswa ngokuchasene nentatheli okanye umpapashi. Isimangalo sesithathu kunye nokutshintshwa kwakhutshwa ngokukhutshwa kweendaba kwi 24 Juni 2020, neUnited States ingazikhathazi ngokuyikhonza ngokufanelekileyo enkundleni de 15 Agasti. Ibandakanya izityholo ezifanayo, kodwa, emva kokuxhamla kubo bonke ubungqina kunye neengxoxo ezifakwe ngumkhuseli, yazisa izinto ezintsha kunye nenkcazo yokuqinisa ingxelo yokuba umsebenzi ka-Assange ugqekeza kunokuba umsebenzi wentatheli okanye wokupapasha, ngokubala unxulumano ' Ongaziwayo'. Ikwalulwaphulo-mthetho uncedo luka-Assange luka-Edward Snowden, kwaye yongeza imathiriyeli entsha evela kwi-asethi ye-FBI kunye nesela eligwetyiweyo, ubuqhetseba kunye nomdlwenguli. Sigurdur 'Siggi' Thordarson.

U-Assange wabona isimangalo esitsha kuphela ngaphambi kokuba aphinde abanjwe. Lingafumananga miyalelo kuye okanye lilungiselele ubungqina okanye amangqina kwisixhobo esitsha, iqela lezokhuselo lacela ukuba ityala libeke ecaleni imathiriyeli entsha kwaye iqhubeke okanye imiswe ukuze kulungiswe ukuzithethelela kwisityholo esitsha. Ngokuwangawangisa konke oku ngo̶ ukwala ukubethelwa kwesixhobo esitsha okanye ukunqumamisa ̶ UMantyi uVanessa Baraitser uye wasigxeka isiko elabhalwa kudala nguCharles Dickens Ibali lezixeko ezibini, apho wachaza i-Old Bailey ngokuthi, 'umzekeliso okhethiweyo womyalelo othi "Nantoni na, ilungile"'.

Emva koko, iqonga lobugcisa laqala. Ukuza kuthi ga kweli tyala, iSebe lezoBulungisa lase-UK lalijongane ne-COVID-19 ngokusebenzisa ikiti ye-teleconferencing ye-1980s eyayibhengeza ngalo lonke ixesha umntu engena okanye ephuma kwinkomfa, kungekho msebenzi uphakathi ongathethiyo, okuthetha ukuba wonke umntu wayephantsi kwengxolo yangasemva yamakhaya amaninzi. kunye neeofisi. Itekhnoloji ngeli xesha leseshini iphuculwe kancinci, kunye nevidiyo entsonkothileyo efumanekayo kwiintatheli ezivunyiweyo ngaphandle kwe-United Kingdom. Imijelo yabo ye-twitter ihlala ikhalaza ngabantu abangeva okanye ababoni, ngokubanjelwa kumagumbi okulinda e-limbo, okanye ukubona kuphela kumagumbi okuphumla abasebenzi benkxaso yetekhnoloji. Kule meko ubulungisa obuvulekileyo buvuleleke kuphela ukuza kuthi ga ngoku imisonto ye-twitter yabantu abanje @MaryKostakidis kwaye @AndrewJFowler, ukuchwetheza ngobusuku be-Antipodean, okanye izithuba zeblogi ezibanzi nezinyanzelisayo ze Craig Murray, ziyafumaneka.  Ruptly imilambo evela ngaphandle kwenkundla enikezela ngohlaziyo oluvela kwi Sukuphindisela Assange iqela lephulo, ngubani kwakhona ukuvelisa iividiyo ukucacisa ukuqinisekiswa kwenkqubo.

Malunga namashumi amane emibutho, kuquka i-Amnesty International, ifumene imvume yokujonga inkqubo ekude. Nangona kunjalo, oku kwarhoxiswa ngaphandle kwesilumkiso nangcaciso, kwashiyeka iReporters Without Borders (RSF) kuphela ukuba iqwalasele egameni lemibutho yoluntu. UMlawuli wamaPhulo e-RSF Rebecca UVincent wathi,

Asizange sijongane nezithintelo ezinje xa sizama ukubeka esweni nakweliphi na elinye ityala nakweliphi na elinye ilizwe njengoko siye saqhuba e-UK kwityala likaJulian Assange. Oku kuxhalabisa kakhulu kwimeko yomdla omkhulu kangaka woluntu.

UKristinn Hrafnsson, uMhleli oyiNtloko weWikiLeaks, wanikwa okokuqala isihlalo kwigumbi elijongela phantsi ezinye iintatheli, ngaphandle kokujonga isikrini. Mhlawumbi ngenxa yokuqhankqalaza kwakhe ngomabonakude, wavunyelwa ukuba angene enkundleni kwiintsuku ezilandelayo, kodwa uJohn Pilger, uyise kaJulian uJohn Shipton noCraig Murray suku ngalunye bakhwela izinyuko ezintlanu ukuya kwindawo yokubukela, njengoko iilifti ze-Old Bailey zingasebenzi kakuhle. .

Ngaphandle kwalo mnyhadala we-ad hockery kunye nexesha elilahlekileyo, kwaye nangona umtshutshisi efuna u-Ewe okanye u-Hayi iimpendulo kwimibuzo emide nentsokothileyo ngokubhekisele kumakhulu amaphepha anikezelwe kumangqina ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuvela kwawo, amangqina amane okuqala abizwe ngumkhuseli kaJulian enze isigqibo. umsebenzi omhle wokugxininisa ubume bezopolitiko bezityholo, kunye nobuntatheli bomsebenzi ka-Assange kunye noWikiLeaks. Iingxelo zeengcaphephe elowo ngamnye azinikezile zalungiswa phantsi kwesityholo sangaphambili.

Ingqina lokuqala yayiligqwetha laseBritane-laseMelika kunye nomseki weReprieve UClive Stafford Smith, ucele amatyala amaninzi oluntu kunye namatyala asemthethweni ngokuchasene nezenzo ezingekho mthethweni ezinje ngokuxhwilwa, ukuguqulwa, ugwayimbo lwe-drone kunye nokuthuthunjiswa apho ushicilelo lwe-WikiLeaks lwenza ubulungisa kubathengi bakhe. Ukuqhelana kwakhe neenkqubo zobulungisa zaseBritane kunye ne-US kwakuthetha ukuba u-Stafford Smith unokuchaza ngokuzithemba ukuba nangona kungekho mdla wokukhusela uluntu oluvunyelweyo phantsi kwe-UK. Umthetho weeMfihlo ezisemthethweni, olo khuselo luvumelekile kwiinkundla zase-US. Ngexesha lokuphenywa, umtshutshisi u-QC uJames Lewis wacacisa umgca we-US wengxabano, yokuba u-Assange utyholwa ngokupapasha amagama, apho u-Stafford Smith wathi uya kudla umnqwazi wakhe ukuba konke oko kwaveliswa kwityala e-United States. . Ekuphononongweni kwakhona, isimangalo saphinda savavanywa ukuqinisekisa ukuba asibhekiseli kumagama kuphela kodwa 'nangokunxibelelana ngabom ngamaxwebhu anxulumene nokhuselo lwesizwe' kwaye namanye amatyala nawo awaphelelanga ekupapasheni amagama.

Ingqina lesibini yayiyintatheli yezemfundo neyophando UMark Feldstein, uSihlalo woBuntatheli boSasazo kwiYunivesithi yaseMaryland, ubungqina bakhe kuye kwafuneka ukuba bupheliswe ngenxa yemidlalo yeqonga yobugcisa kwaye yaqalwa kwakhona ngosuku olulandelayo. UFeldstein uphawule ngenani elikhulu loshicilelo lwe-WikiLeaks olubonisa uluhlu lwemiba kunye namazwe ewagubungeleyo, echaza ukuba ukuqokelela ulwazi olucazululiweyo 'yinkqubo yokusebenza eqhelekileyo' yeentatheli, wongeza ukuba ukucela ulwazi 'akuhambelani kuphela nenkqubo yezobuntatheli eqhelekileyo, igazi layo, ingakumbi kuphando okanye kwiintatheli zokhuseleko lwesizwe. Uqhube wathi: 'Umsebenzi wam wonke wawukucela amaxwebhu ayimfihlo okanye iirekhodi'. Ubungqina bukaFeldstein buquka iimbekiselo zikaNixon (kubandakanywa neengcaphuno eziquka inkrwelo; akukho nto ikuvusa ngo-3 am njengokuva igama elithi 'iqhude' libhekiswa kwinkundla yaseBritane edidekileyo). UFeldstein waqinisekisa ukuba ulawulo luka-Obama lubonile ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuhlawulisa i-Assange okanye iWikiLeaks ngaphandle kokuhlawulisa. ENew York Times kunye nabanye abapapashe imathiriyeli ye-WikiLeaks ekuthethwa ngayo, kunye noLewis ephikisa ukuba ulawulo luka-Obama aluzange luphelise ijaji enkulu kwaye lufumene ulwazi, kanti u-Assange wenze iyelenqe no-Chelsea Manning lokufumana ulwazi. UCraig Murray uphawula ukuba uLewis wathetha phakathi kwamagama amahlanu kunye neshumi amaninzi kunalo bungqina.

Ingqina lesithathu yaba Unjingalwazi uPaul Rogers weYunivesithi yaseBradford, umbhali weencwadi ezininzi ezingeMfazwe yoBugrogrisi kwaye unoxanduva lokuqeqesha imikhosi exhobileyo kumthetho kunye neendlela zokuziphatha zongquzulwano kwiSebe lezoKhuselo lase-UK iminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu. URogers unike ubungqina ngobume bezopolitiko bomsebenzi ka-Assange kunye neWikiLeaks kunye nokubaluleka kwezityhilelo zokuqonda iimfazwe zase-Afghanistan nase-Iraq. Uye waphawula ukuba uAssange wayengachasi i-US kodwa wayechasa umgaqo-nkqubo othile wase-US awathi yena nabanye abaninzi bafuna ukuwuguqula. Echaza ubutshaba bolawulo lukaTrump lokungafihli kunye nobuntatheli, wachaza ukutshutshiswa njengezopolitiko. Xa wayebuzwa imibuzo, uRogers wala ukuncitshiswa abe nguEwe okanye uHayi iimpendulo, njengoko 'le mibuzo khange ivumele iimpendulo ezimbini'.

UTrevor Timm, umseki weFreedom of the Press Foundation, wathetha emva koko. Umbutho wakhe wanceda imibutho yeendaba njenge ENew York Times, i Guardian kunye ne-ABC ukuthatha isoftware ephuhliswe ngu-Aaron Swartz ebizwa ngokuba yiSecureDrop, ngokusekwe kwibhokisi engachazwanga igama layo eqaliswe yiWikiLeaks ukuze ukuvuza kunikwe iintatheli ngokungaziwa. U-Timms uthe isityholo esikhoyo ngoku ngokuchasene no-Assange sasichasene noMgaqo-siseko kwizizathu zoLungiso lokuQala (intetho yenkululeko), kwaye Umthetho we-Espionage yayiyilwe ngokubanzi kangangokuba ide ibe sisoyikiso kubathengi nakubafundi bamaphephandaba aqulethe inkcazelo evuzayo. Ebuzwa imibuzo, uLewis waphinda wabhekisela kwinto yokuba abukho bonke ubungqina obuye bafumaneka kwinkundla yase-UK kwaye ibanjwe yijaji enkulu yase-US. UTimm waqinisekisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba izigqibo zenkundla ezininzi kwiinkulungwane eUnited States ziye zasixhasa isiHlomelo Sokuqala.

Usihlalo webhodi ye Ukuhlaziya UEric Lewis-Igqwetha lase-US elinamava eminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesihlanu elimele iGuantanamo kunye namabanjwa ase-Afghan efuna ukulungiswa ngokuthuthunjiswa-wandisa kwiingxelo zakhe ezintlanu enkundleni ukuphendula izityholo ezahlukeneyo. Uye waqinisekisa ukuba amaxwebhu eWikiLeaks ebebalulekile kumatyala asenkundleni. Ukwathe, ukuba u-Assange angathunyelwa e-United States, uya kubanjwa kuqala kwintolongo yesiXeko sase-Alexandria phantsi kweMiqathango eYodwa yoLawulo, kwaye emva kokuba egwetyiwe angachitha iminyaka engamashumi amabini kwintolongo ye-ADX Florence eColorado. kwaye okona kubi uchitha ubomi bakhe bonke esiseleni iiyure ezingamashumi amabini anesibini okanye amashumi amabini anesithathu ngosuku, engakwazi ukudibana namanye amabanjwa, esenza umthambo kanye ngemini ngelixa ebotshwe ngamakhamandela. Umtshutshisi waba nomsindo gqitha xa wayephekwa ngemibuzo eli ngqina, ekhalaza kumantyi ukuba, nangona wayeneeyure ezine, wayefuna ixesha elingakumbi njengoko ingqina lingazange livume ukunika impendulo ethi ‘Ewe’ okanye ‘Hayi’. Wala ukulawula ingqina, ebelinika iimpendulo ezifanelekileyo, apho umtshutshisi uLewis waphendula ngelithi oku 'akunakwenzeka kwinkundla yokwenyani'. Wacela uxolo ngolwimi lwakhe olungenamlinganiselo emva kwekhefu.

Umcholacholi weendaba uJohn Goetz unike ubungqina ngokusebenza kwimanyano nabanye amaqabane eendaba kunye neWikiLeaks ngelixa Isibuko ngo-2010 ekukhutshweni kweDayari yeMfazwe yase-Afghan, i-Iraq War Logs kunye neentambo zediplomatic. Uye waqinisekisa ukuba i-Assange kunye ne-WikiLeaks zinemigaqo yokhuseleko ecokisekileyo kwaye yenze umzamo omkhulu wokulungisa amagama kumaxwebhu. Ungqinile ukuba ucatshukiswe ngandlel' ithile kwaye ecatshukiswa 'yi-paranoid' yemilinganiselo yokhuseleko eyanyanzeliswa ngu-Assange, awathi kamva waqonda ukuba yayifanelekile. Wachaza amaxesha amaninzi ukuba iintambo zozakuzo ziye zafumaneka ngenxa yokuba Guardian Iintatheli uLuka Harding kunye noDavid Leigh bapapashe igama eliyimfihlo encwadini, kwaye nangona kunjalo iwebhusayithi ye-Cryptome yayipapashe zonke kuqala. Umkhuseli uzame ukuba uGoetz anike ubungqina bokuba uye kwisidlo sangokuhlwa apho u-Assange watyholwa ngokuthi, 'Bangoondaba; bafanelwe kukufa’, nto leyo angazange ayithethe. Umtshutshisi wawukhaba ngawo omane lo mbandela, yaza ijaji yasixhasa eso sikhalo.

Impempe yamaPhepha ePentagon uDaniel Ellsberg usandula ukugqiba iminyaka engamashumi asibhozo anesithoba, kodwa uye waphumeza imisebenzi yetekhnoloji ukuze abonakale njengengqina iiyure ezininzi. Wayewafunde ngokupheleleyo amaphepha angama-300 awayebhalwe ngumtshutshisi ngobusuku bangaphambi kokuvela kwakhe. Ubalule ukuba uAssange akanakukwazi ukuxoxa ukuba ukubhengeza kwakhe kusemdleni woluntu kuba ukhuselo alukho phantsi korhulumente. Umthetho we-Espionage, kwaloo mthetho uEllsberg wayejamelene nawo ngezityholo ezilishumi elinesibini neminyaka eli-115—izityholo ezaye zarhoxiswa xa kwachazwa ukuba urhulumente wayeqokelele ubungqina ngaye ngokungekho mthethweni. Wachaza ukuba 'uluntu lwaseMelika lufuna ngokukhawuleza ukwazi ukuba kwenziwa ntoni na ngokwesiqhelo egameni labo, kwaye yayingekho enye indlela yokuba bafunde ngayo ngaphandle kokubhengeza okungagunyaziswanga'. Ukhumbuze inkundla ukuba, ngokungafaniyo no-Assange, akazange abhale igama elinye lolwazi okanye i-arhente ye-CIA evela kwi-Pentagon Papers, kwaye u-Assange uye wasondela kwiSebe lezoKhuselo kunye neLizwe ukuze aphinde ahlaziye amagama.

Amanye amangqina aza kubizwa ngumkhuseli kwiiveki ezizayo zichazwe apha by UKevin Gosztola.

Phambi kokuthethwa kwetyala, Abarhwebi ngaphandle kweeMida izamile ukuhambisa uxwebhu lwezikhalazo ezingama-80,000 kwa-10 Downing Street, kwaye lwaliwa. Ukongeza, uninzi lwemithombo yeendaba ezibalulekileyo zapapashwa, kubandakanya ne-UK NgeCawa yamaXesha, ebeka ityala kwiphepha lokuqala kwaye iquka a isiqephu sobude bemagazini enombala opheleleyo kwiqabane likaJulian nabantwana. Umhleli osuka kwi Maxesha ngeCawa wenze ityala lokukhupha uAssange. IAmnesty International yenza iphulo levidiyo eliquka owayesakuba nguMphathiswa wezangaphandle UBob Carr kunye nowayesakuba nguNdlunkulu Scott Ludlam kwaye wongeze ngaphezulu kwama-400,000 abasayiniweyo kwabo isikhalazo. Ingcali yamazwe ngamazwe yamalungelo oluntu ka-Amnesty ikhutshwe isiqwenga sombono, iimbono eziphindaphindayo nazo zibekwe phambili ngu UKen Roth, intloko yeHuman Rights Watch, kudliwano-ndlebe olwahlukahlukeneyo.  UAlice Walker kunye noNoam Chomsky wabonisa ukuba 'uJulian Assange akachotshelwanga ngobuntu bakhe-kodwa nantsi indlela urhulumente wase-US akwenze ngayo ukuba ugxile kuyo'. Omnye wabahlobo abadala bakaJulian, UGqr Niraj Lal, wabhala isicatshulwa esichukumisayo malunga nefilosofi yokusekwa kwe-WikiLeaks kunye nobomi bukaJulian njengomfundi we-physics.

Kukhutshiwe amaxwebhu amaninzi; enye echaza imiba yenkululeko yeendaba esesichengeni ebizwa ngokuba yi Imfazwe kubuntatheli: Ityala likaJulian Assange yasungulwa kwiveki ephambi kwetyala, kwaye kukho umboniso ogqwesileyo wosasazo lukawonke-wonke waseJamani. UFran Kelly wenze udliwano-ndlebe negqwetha lika-Assange lase-Australia UJennifer Robinson kwi-RN Breakfast, yaye uRobinson waphinda wacela urhulumente waseOstreliya ukuba enze okuthile egameni lommi.

Ukuthula kukarhulumente wase-Australia kophulwa zizenzo ezininzi zabemi kwiphulo elithatha iminyaka elishumi. Abaqhankqalazi baye bakhwela iNdlu yePalamente, ulungelelanise imilindo yeveki ngaphandle kweSikhululo sesitalato saseFlinders kunye nemvula yeHolo yeDolophu yaseSydney, isichotho okanye ukukhanya kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, kunye nokubanjelwa ukusebenza kwi-consulate yase-UK ikhokelele kwiinkundla zamatyala ngomhla we-7 kweyoMsintsi kulo nyaka. Qho ngonyaka, Usuku lokuzalwa lukaJulian iphawulwe ngamalungiselelo ekhandlela agqithisileyo ngaphandle kweNdlu yePalamente nakwezinye iindawo, kunye neGreens '. inkxaso engaguqukiyo ekugqibeleni kudityaniswe nabanye ekusekweni kwe Yiza neqela lePalamente yase-Assange ngo-Okthobha ka-2019, iqela ngoku elinamashumi amabini anesine. Kwenziwa uxwebhu lwezikhalazo zingeniswe kwipalamente yethu kwaye ukusukela ngo-Epreli ka-2020 ibinabasayiniweyo abangama-390,000, isibongozo sesine esikhulu esakha sabekwa. NgoMeyi ka-2020, ngaphezulu kwe-100 yase-Australia ekhonza kunye nabangaphambili abezopolitiko, ababhali kunye nabapapashi, abameli bamalungelo oluntu kunye nabasebenzi bezomthetho babhalela uMphathiswa Wezangaphandle wase-Australia. UMarise Payne ucela urhulumente ukuba aphelise ukuthula kwakhe ngokusemthethweni. Kwaye imanyano ka-Assange yahlala yomelele, kunye ne-MEAA ekhupha a vidiyo ngokubaluleka kwetyala, ukukhumbuza amalungu oluntu kunye nenkxaso yabucala egameni lika-Assange kunye norhulumente. kunye noMkomishinala oPhezulu wase-UK, nokuqhubeka nokukhupha ikhadi lakhe lokushicilela. Kwiveki yokuqala yodliwano-ndlebe, i-MEAA yabamba ingqungquthela kunye UKristinn Hrafnsson yaqaqamba ukusuka eLondon kumalungu aseOstreliya.

Amazwi axhasa u-Assange aphuma kuwo onke amaqonga ezopolitiko, naphakathi kwekwayala ebanzi yoluntu kunye nemibutho yeendaba, aya esiba phezulu. Umsinga uyajika, kodwa ngaba uya kuguquka ekuhambeni kwexesha?

UFelicity Ruby ngumgqatswa we-PhD kwiYunivesithi yaseSydney kunye nomhleli we Imfihlo yaseAustralia etyhilwe yiWikiLeaks Exposés, eya kukhutshwa nge-1 kaDisemba 2020.