NguPat Mdala, Oktobha 23, 2020
ukusuka Iityhefu zomkhosi
Umkhosi womoya ungcolise amanzi aphantsi komhlaba kwi-Joint Base Andrews ngeengxenye ezingama-39,700 ngetriliyoni yeekhemikhali ze-PFAS ngokutsho ingxelo ekhutshwe nguMkhosi woMoya ngoMeyi, 2018. Oku ayisiyiyo kanye "iNdaba eziNgqongileyo" nangona bambalwa abaziyo ngayo.
Isiseko singcolisa imilambo iPatuxent kunye nePotomac. Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba asuka kwiindawo ezininzi kwisiseko apho kwakusetyenziswa amagwebu azele yiPFAS aya ngasempuma ukuya ngasePatuxent nasentshona ukuya ePotomac. Ngeli xesha, amanzi angaphezulu ukusuka kwisiseko aya ePiscataway Creek, eCabin Branch Creek, eHenson Creek, naseMeetinghouse Branch, egalela amanzi kuyo yomibini le milambo. Andrews, "iKhaya loMkhosi woMoya 1" kuphela kwesiseko kurhulumente esaziwa ngokutyhefa iPatuxent kunye nePotomac.
I-PFAS inokuhamba iimayile. Idyobha iintlanzi kwaye igulisa abantu abayisebenzisayo.
Ngubani owaziyo?
Google PFAS Joint Base Andrews. Awuyi kufumana ibali leendaba malunga nokungcoliseka kwe-PFAS e-Andrews, nangona iziphumo "zapapashwa" ngoMeyi ka-2018. Kungenxa yokuba i-Air Force ayithumeli ukukhutshwa kweendaba malunga nezi zinto kunye neWashington Post kunye noshicilelo lwendawo ngokubanzi. sukuyigquma. Olu hlobo lwengxelo yophando lulula ngokwaneleyo, nangona iindawo ezininzi zeendaba azinawo amandla okanye umnqweno wokulandela amabali anje. Ngenxa yoko, bambalwa abasaziyo isoyikiso esibekwe kwimpilo yoluntu ebangelwe kukusebenzisa ngokungakhathali koMkhosi woMoya kwezi carcinogens.
Qala Apha ukuqala ukujonga ukosuleleka okubangelwa nguMkhosi woMoya kwiziseko kwilizwe liphela.
Umkhosi womoya upapasha iingxelo zobunjineli ezibhala ungcoliseko lwePFAS kwilizwe liphela, nangona unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo kwezo mpapasho lunqabile. Kuthetha ukuba iphepha ledolophu yakho akunakwenzeka ukuba liqhube ibali elichaza ungcoliseko lomkhosi wemeko yendawo, ngakumbi amanzi angaphezulu. Bekuya kufuna iqondo elithile lobukrelekrele, ubugcisa obulahlekileyo.
Amawaka emijelo kunye nemilambo kwilizwe lonke aphethe amanqanaba aphezulu eetyhefu, imeko eyingozi kakhulu eqwalasela ubume be-bioaccumulative uninzi lwale michiza kunye nokuthambekela kwabo ukuqokelela kwiintlanzi ngamawaka amaxesha amanqanaba emanzini. Ukutya ukutya kwaselwandle kumanzi angcolisekileyo yeyona ndlela iphambili apho iPFAS ingena emizimbeni yethu. Amanzi okusela angcolileyo yisibini esikude, nangona le yinyaniso engathandekiyo ye-EPA, i-DOD, iCongress, kunye nelizwe lase-Maryland.
Cofa kwingxelo engentla kwaye ujonge kwiTheyibhile yeziqulatho. Khangela amagama anje ngamanzi aphantsi komhlaba, amanzi angaphezulu, umngxuma otshisiweyo, njl. njl elwandle nakwintlanzi yamatye neembatyisi noononkala? Akukho mntu waziyo eMaryland.
Emuva kwi-1970, i-US Air Force yaqala ukusebenzisa i-foam yefilimu emanzi (AFFF), equkethe i-PFOS kunye ne-PFOA, ukucima umlilo wepetroleum. I-AFFF ingene kwimo engqongileyo ngexesha loqeqesho lwesiqhelo lomlilo, ukugcinwa kwezixhobo, ukugcinwa, kunye neengozi rhoqo. Iihangars zoMkhosi woMoya zixhotyiswe ngeenkqubo zokucinezela ngaphezulu ezifakwe kwiPFAS kwaye ziye zavavanywa rhoqo ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1970. Ezinye zezi nkqubo ziyakwazi ukugubungela i-hangar ye-2-acre kunye ne-17 yeenyawo ze-foam ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-2.
Nanku umbono omfutshane wembali yokusetyenziswa kwePFAS eAndrews ethathwe kwingxelo:
“Ifama eyayisakuba yiHare Berry ikwicala elisemazantsi e-JBA, imelene nocingo lokhuseleko kwaye ingaphakathi kumda wofakelo. Le fama yayisetyenziselwa ukulima izityalo zamaqunube, amaqunube, namaqunube. NgoMeyi ka-1992 ngexesha lovavanyo lwenkqubo yokucinezela umlilo kwinqwelomoya, malunga neelitha ezingama-500 ze-AFFF zaye zakhutshelwa kwi-Piscataway Creek, umthombo wamanzi onkcenkceshela kwizityalo zasefama. Emva kokukhululwa, umnini propati ucele ukuba i-USAF ivavanye ukuba ingaba izityalo zikhuselekile na ukuba zingatyiwa ngabantu. I-USAF yavavanya izityalo ngo-Agasti ka-1992 kwaye yafumanisa ukuba zikulungele ukutyiwa ngokwemigangatho yoLawulo lokuTya kunye neZiyobisi (FDA). Kwi-1993, uvavanyo lwalungiselelwa ukuhlola umngcipheko ohambelana nemiphumo enokubakho yezinto ezingcolileyo ezivela kwiikhompawundi ezifana ne-AFFF, i-deicing fluids, iintsalela ze-petroleum, i-solvents, kunye ne-pesticides engena e-Piscataway Creek kunye ne-JBA yamanzi emvula. Uhlolisiso lowe-1993 lwafikelela kwisigqibo sokuba iPiscataway Creek ayizange ibe sisongelo kwimpilo yabantu okanye kwimekobume.”
Subanexhala yonwaba?
Okanye kufuneka urhulumente kunye/okanye i-NGOs yabucala iphakame ukuze iqalise ukuvavanya amanzi aphezu komhlaba kufutshane nofakelo lomkhosi ngolu hlobo?
Isebe lezendalo laseMaryland alikhange libe luncedo. Amanye amazwe, njengeMichigan, athumele ukuba angazityi iingcebiso zamaxhama anetyhefu ahlala kufutshane neWurtsmuth Air Force Base-isiseko esavala kwiminyaka engama-30 eyadlulayo! Iingcebiso ngeentlanzi ziposwe kumgama oziikhilomitha ukusuka kwindawo evaliweyo ngelixa urhulumente umangalele umkhosi ngomonakalo ovela kusetyenziso lwePFAS kwisiseko. Akunjalo eMaryland, apho urhulumente ukhetha ukungangqubani nePentagon kwimiba enjalo.
I-PFAS ziikhemikhali eziyityhefu ngokungaqhelekanga. Ngaphandle kwemvelo yazo ye-bioaccumulative, azikhe ziphuke, kungoko zibhalwe: “ikhemikhali zanaphakade.” Zinxulunyaniswa nentlaninge yomhlaza, ukungahambi kakuhle komntwana, kunye nezigulo ezininzi zobuntwana. I-EPA ayisasebenzi njenge-arhente yokulawula phantsi kolawulo lukaTrump kwaye urhulumente ulele ekutshintsheni, eshiya impilo yoluntu emngciphekweni.
Imingxunya etshileyo
Iindawo zoqeqesho lomlilo (FTA's) ziqulathe umngxuma wokutshisa oyi-200-300-foot diameter. Ngethuba lemisebenzi yoqeqesho lomlilo, umgodi wokutshisa wawuzaliswe ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuba kuqikelelwa ukuba i-1,000 ukuya kwi-2,000 yeegaloni zamanzi anokutsha zongezwa kwindawo yokutshisa kwaye yavutha. Basebenzisa ioli kwaye bayixuba ne-jet fuel. Amawaka eelitha zogwebu isisombululo sinokusetyenziswa ngexesha lomsitho othile.
Indawo yoqeqesho lomlilo eboniswe ngasentla kwikona ekumzantsi-mpuma wendlela yeenqwelo-moya yayisetyenziselwa imisebenzi yoqeqesho lomlilo ukusuka ngo-1973 ukuya kowe-1990. Uqheliselo lweveki nganye lwenziwa olubandakanya ukutshisa ulwelo olunokutsha kumngxuma otshileyo kunye nokucima umlilo osisiphumo nge-AFFF. Amafu amakhulu amakhowa omsi wekhemikhali eyityhefu kunye nothuli lwaluya kuvela. Umkhosi womoya awukhange uzikhathaze ngokulandela umyinge we-AFFF esetyenziswayo ngexesha lokuzilolonga.
Ulwelo olugqithisileyo oluveliswe ngexesha lokuzilolonga luqukuqela kwindawo etshileyo. Ugwebu olushiyekileyo kunye namanzi agqithiselwe kwidama elimanzi legrabile elisezantsi. Ulwelo ludla ngokungena kwigrabile emhlabeni, kodwa ichibi elikhupha amanzi lihlala litsalwa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ichibi liphuphume kumhlaba osemhlabeni kule ndawo.
Umngxuma wawukwasetyenziselwa uvavanyo lwexesha kunye nomgama kwiilori zomlilo ezisebenzisa i-AFFF. Ngokwembali, uvavanyo luqhutywa ngamaxesha amaninzi ngonyaka ukuvavanya iisetingi zelori zomlilo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo, ngakumbi kumgama.
Umkhosi womoya wenze isiphithiphithi kwizinto kwiNkosana uGeorge's County, eMaryland, usebenzisa amagwebu e-carcinogenic kwiindawo ezininzi e-JB Andrews:
- Iindawo ezininzi zoQeqesho loMlilo
- Iihangars 16, 11, 6, 7
- ISakhiwo seSikhululo soMlilo esingu-3629
- Owayesakuba yiFama yeHale Berry
Ukungabikho kokuzibophelela okuqinileyo kweSebe laseMaryland lezeNdalo ekulawuleni iPFAS kurhulumente, iNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo kufuneka ithathe amanyathelo ukunyanzela iqela leHogan-Grumbles ukuba likhusele impilo yoluntu.
