Umlimi uJim Young ubonakalisa isisele kwisisele somjukujelwa kumhlaba wakhe kufutshane neHarrisburg kwiBanner County. Abancinci kunye nabanye abanini-mhlaba badanile sisigqibo soMkhosi woMoya sokuvala ii-windmills kwiimayile ezimbini zaselwandle ukusuka kwezi zisele zomjukujelwa – isigqibo esithe sanqumama kwaye sinokuphelisa eyona projekthi yamandla omoya inkulu kwimbali yaseNebraska. Ifoto nguFletcher Halfaker yeFlatwater Free Press.
nguNatalia Alamdari, I-Flatwater Free Press, Septemba 22, 2022
KUFUTSHANE ne-HARRISBURG-Kwi-Banner County eyome ngamathambo, amafu okungcola akhukuliseka esibhakabhakeni njengeetrektara ezingxolayo de umhlaba utshiswe lilanga.
Kwamanye amasimi, umhlaba usewomile kakhulu ukuba ungaqalisa ukutyala ingqolowa yasebusika.
“Esi sisihlandlo sokuqala ebomini bam ndingakwazi ukugalela ingqolowa emhlabeni,” watsho uJim Young, emi kwintsimi ebikwintsapho yakhe kangangeminyaka engama-80. “Sifumana imvula encinane kakhulu. Kwaye sifumana umoya omninzi.”
Eminye yomoya ongcono welizwe, enyanisweni.
Yiyo loo nto kwiminyaka eli-16 eyadlulayo, iinkampani zamandla omoya zaqala ukurhwebesha abanini-mhlaba behla benyuka benyuka kwiNdlela ye-County 14 kumantla e-Kimball-i-smear emfusa enzulu nge-Nebraska Panhandle kwiimephu zesantya somoya. Uphawu lomoya ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu, othembekileyo.
Malunga neehektare ezingama-150,000 eziqeshiswe ziinkampani zamandla, le dolophu inabantu abangama-625 bemi belungele ukuba likhaya kwiiinjini zomoya ezingama-300.
Ibiya kuba yeyona projekthi yomoya inkulu kurhulumente, izise imali eninzi kubanini-mhlaba, abaphuhlisi, izikolo zesiphaluka nezengingqi.
Kodwa emva koko, isithintelo sendlela esingalindelekanga: uMkhosi woMoya wase-US.
Imephu ye-missile silos phantsi kweliso le-FE Warren Air Force Base e-Cheyenne. Amachaphaza aluhlaza ngamaziko okuphehlelela, kwaye amachaphaza amfusa zizixhobo zokulumkisa ngemijukujelwa. Kukho ii-silos ze-missile ezingama-82 kunye nezixhobo ezilithoba zokulumkisa ngemijukujelwa kwintshona yeNebraska, isithethi soMkhosi woMoya satsho. FE Warren Air Force Base.
Phantsi kwamabala anothuli eBanner County kukho inkitha yemijukujelwa yenyukliya. Igcinwe kwiisilo zomkhosi ezemba ngaphezulu kweenyawo ezili-100 emhlabeni, iintsalela zeMfazwe ebandayo zilinde emaphandleni aseMelika, yinxalenye yokhuselo lwenukliya yelizwe.
Kangangamashumi eminyaka, izakhiwo ezide ezifana neeinjini zomoya bezifuneka ubuncinci bekota yeemayile ukusuka kwizisele zomjukujelwa.
Kodwa ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, umkhosi wawutshintshe umgaqo-nkqubo wawo.
Enye yee-silos ezininzi ezijulwayo ezibekwe kwiBanner County. Uninzi lwezisele zicwangciswe ngokwepateni yegridi kwaye zahlulahlulwe ngokumalunga neekhilomitha ezintandathu. Zibekwe apha ngeminyaka yoo-1960, izisele zoMkhosi woMoya, ezigcina izixhobo zenyukliya, ngoku zithintela iprojekthi enkulu yamandla omoya. Ifoto nguFletcher Halfaker yeFlatwater Free Press
Ngoku, bathe, iiinjini zomoya ngoku azinakuba phakathi kweemayile ezimbini zolwandle ukusuka kwizisele. Utshintsho lukhuphe iihektare zeenkampani zamandla omhlaba eziqeshiweyo kubantu basekhaya - kwaye zonga umoya onokuthi ubekho kuninzi lwamafama alinde iminyaka eli-16 ukuba iiinjini zomoya zibe yinyani.
Iprojekthi yeBanner County emisiweyo yodwa, kodwa yenye indlela iNebraska esokola ngayo ukusebenzisa amandla ayo ahlaziyekayo.
INebraska enomoya ovuthuzayo ikwindawo yesibhozo kweli lizwe kumandla omoya anokubakho, ngokutsho kukarhulumente womanyano. Imveliso yamandla omoya karhulumente iphucuke ngokuphawulekayo kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kodwa iNebraska iyaqhubeka nokushiyeka emva kwabamelwane baseColorado, eKansas nase-Iowa, bonke abaye baba ziinkokeli zelizwe emoyeni.
Iiprojekthi zeBanner County bezinokukhulisa amandla omoya eNebraska ngama-25%. Akukacaci ngoku ukuba zingaphi iiiturbines ezinokwenzeka ngenxa yotshintsho lolawulo loMkhosi woMoya.
“Oku bekuya kuba yinto enkulu kumafama amaninzi. Kwaye bekuya kuba yinto enkulu ngakumbi kuye wonke umnini wepropathi eBanner County, ”utshilo uYoung. “Ngumbulali nje. Andazi ukuba ungayithetha njani enye into.”
UKUHLALA NE-NUKES
UJohn Jones wayeqhuba itrektara yakhe xa engekho ndawo, iihelikopta zazidlula ngaphezulu. Itrektara yakhe yayikhabe uthuli olwaneleyo ukuze ivuse izixhobo ezijikelezayo zesisele somjukujelwa.
IiJeep zakhawuleza zaza amadoda axhobileyo atsibela ngaphandle ukuze ahlole eso sisongelo.
“Ndiye ndaqhubeka nokulima,” watsho uJones.
Abantu baseBanner County baye bahlala kunye ne-missile silos ukususela ngo-1960s. Ukuhambisana netekhnoloji yenyukliya yaseSoviet, i-US yaqala ukutyala amakhulu emijukujelwa kwezona ndawo zisemaphandleni zelizwe, izibeka kwindawo yazo ukuba zidubule ngaphaya kweNorth Pole kunye neSoviet Union okomzuzwana.
UTom May uhlola ukukhula kwengqolowa yakhe esandula ukutyalwa. UMay, obelima eBanner County iminyaka engaphaya kwamashumi amane, uthi ingqolowa yakhe ayizange ichatshazelwe ziimeko zembalela njengakulo nyaka. UMay, owayenekhontrakthi neenkampani zamandla omoya ukuba avumele iiinjini zomoya ukuba zibekwe emhlabeni wakhe, uthi utshintsho lolawulo loMkhosi woMoya ngoku aluzukuvumela i-injini yomoya enye emhlabeni wakhe. Ifoto nguFletcher Halfaker yeFlatwater Free Press
Namhlanje, kukho iisilos ezingagunyaziswanga ezisasazeke kulo lonke elaseNebraska. Kodwa iisilo ezingama-82 kwiPanhandle zisasebenza kwaye zilawulwa ngama-24/7 ngabasebenzi boMkhosi woMoya.
Imijukujelwa engamakhulu amane e-intercontinental ballistic-ICBMs-zimbiwe emhlabeni ukuya emantla eColorado, kwintshona yeNebraska, eWyoming, eMntla Dakota naseMontana. Imijukujelwa yeeponti ezingama-80,000 6,000 inokubhabha iikhilomitha ezingama-20 XNUMX ngaphantsi kwesiqingatha seyure kwaye yenze umonakalo ophindwe kangangama-XNUMX kuneebhombu ezawisa eHiroshima kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
“Ukuba singakhe siqhunyiswe ngeziqhushumbisi, bathi yindawo yokuqala abaza kuqhushumba kuyo, ngenxa yezisele esinazo apha,” utshilo umfama uTom May.
Yonke ihektare yepropathi kaMeyi ihlala ngaphakathi kweemayile ezimbini zesisele somjukujelwa. Ngaphantsi komgaqo omtsha woMkhosi woMoya, akakwazi ukubeka i-injini yomoya enye emhlabeni wakhe.
Abaphuhlisi be-injini yomoya baqala ukuza kwi-Banner County malunga neminyaka eyi-16 eyadlulayo - amadoda eepolos kunye neebhulukhwe zokunxiba ezazibambe intlanganiso kawonke-wonke yabanini-mhlaba abanomdla kwisikolo saseHarrisburg.
Isibhengezo sinezinto abazibiza ngokuba “ngumoya okumgangatho wehlabathi.” Abanini-mhlaba abaninzi babenomdla-ukutyikitya iihektare zabo beza nesithembiso se- $15,000 ye-injini yomoya ngonyaka. Ii turbines nazo zaziza kumpompa imali kwi-county kunye nenkqubo yesikolo, utshilo amagosa esiphaluka kunye nabaphathi beenkampani.
"Kwi-Banner County, bekuya kuba kunciphisa irhafu yepropathi ukuba ingabikho nto," kusho u-Young baxelelwa.
Ekugqibeleni, iinkampani ezimbini - i-Invenergy kunye ne-Orion Renewable Energy Group - igqibe izicwangciso zokubeka ii-injini zomoya kwi-Banner County.
Uphononongo lwempembelelo yokusingqongileyo luye lwagqitywa. Kwasayinwa amaphepha-mvume, iingqeshiso kunye neekhontrakthi.
I-Orion inee-injini zomoya ezingama-75 ukuya kwezili-100 ezicwangcisiweyo, kwaye inethemba lokuba izakuba neprojekthi esebenzayo kulo nyaka.
I-Invenergy yayiza kwakha iiinjini zomoya ezifikelela kuma-200. Inkampani yayifanelekele iikhredithi zerhafu yomdibaniso ukuze iqalise iprojekthi kwaye yaze yagalela iipads zekhonkrithi eziya kuhlala phezu kwazo iiiturbines, ziwagqume ngomhlaba ukuze amafama asebenzise umhlaba de kuqaliswe ukwakhiwa.
Kodwa iingxoxo nomkhosi eziqala ngo-2019 ziye zamisa iiprojekthi.
Iiinjini zomoya zibeka "ingozi enkulu yokhuseleko lwenqwelomoya," isithethi soMkhosi woMoya satsho kwi-imeyile. Ezo turbines zazingekho xa kwakusakhiwa izisele. Ngoku njengoko bebona umhlaba wasemaphandleni, uMkhosi woMoya uthe kufuneka uphonononge imithetho yawo yokubuya umva. Inombolo yokugqibela eyahlala kuyo yayiziikhilomitha ezimbini ze-nautical - iimayile ezi-2.3 emhlabeni - ngoko iihelicopter aziyi kuphahlazeka ngexesha leqhwithi okanye iziphango.
Umgama wawuyimfuneko ukugcina abasebenzi beenqwelo moya bekhuselekile ngexesha "lokusebenza kwemihla ngemihla yokhuseleko, okanye imisebenzi yokuphendula okungxamisekileyo, ngelixa sikwahlala kunye nabanye abantu baseMelika abangabanini kunye nabasebenza umhlaba ojikeleze ezi ndawo zibalulekileyo," utshilo isithethi.
NgoMeyi, amagosa omkhosi asuka e-Wyoming e-FE Warren Air Force Base ukuya kusasaza iindaba kubanini-mhlaba. Kwiprojector engaphezulu kwi-Kimball's Sagebrush Restaurant, babonise iifoto ezandisiweyo zokubonwa ngabaqhubi benqwelo-moya xa bebhabha kufutshane neeinjini zomoya kwikhephu.
Kuninzi lwabanini-mhlaba, iindaba zeza njengethumbu. Bathe bayaluxhasa ukhuseleko lwesizwe kunye nokugcina amalungu enkonzo ekhuselekile. Kodwa bayazibuza: Ngaba umgama owuphinda kasibhozo uyimfuneko?
“Abangobanini baloo mhlaba. Kodwa ngequbuliso, banamandla okubetha yonke le nto, besixelela into esinokuyenza nesingakwaziyo ukuyenza,” utshilo uJones. “Ekuphela kwento esingathanda ukuyenza kukuthethathethana. Iimayile ezi-4.6 [ububanzi] zikude kakhulu, ngokokubona kwam.”
Ngaphandle kweNdlela yeNdlela engu-19, ucingo lwekhonkco lwekhonkco lwahlula indawo yokungena yesisele yesijukujelwa ukusuka kumafama ajikelezileyo. Iipaki ezincinci ezingaphaya kwendlela kwaye zikhomba ngaphaya kwenduli ukuya kwinqaba yemozulu ebekwe yinkampani yamandla.
Kukho iihektare zomhlaba weefama phakathi kwesisele somjukujelwa kunye nenqaba. Inqaba iNtsha esalatha kuyo ibonakala njengomgca omncinci elundini, othweswe isibane esibomvu esidanyazayo.
“Xa unokumisa ihelikopta phezu kwaso nasiphi na isibhedlele elizweni, bathi ikufuphi kakhulu le,” utshilo u-Young, ekhomba kwisisele somjukujelwa kunye nenqaba ekude. “Ngoku uyazi ukuba kutheni sicaphukile, akunjalo?”
UKUPHUCULA AMANDLA OMOYA, KODWA USAHLELI
I-Nebraska yakha iiinjini zomoya zayo zokuqala ngo-1998 - iinqaba ezimbini ezisentshona ye-Springview. Ifakwe siSithili saMandla oLuntu saseNebraska, isibini sasiluvavanyo oluqhutywa ngurhulumente lowo ummelwane wakhe u-Iowa wayekhuthaza amandla omoya ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1980.
Imephu yamaziko omoya eNebraska ibonisa izantya zomoya kulo lonke ilizwe. Ibhendi emnyama emfusa yokusika iBanner County kwisiqingatha ibonisa apho iiprojekthi zomoya ezimbini beziya kuba ziye phi. Ngoncedo lweSebe leNebraska leNdalo kunye naMandla
Ngo-2010, iNebraska yayikwi-25th kwilizwe ekuveliseni amandla avela emoyeni-ezantsi kwepakethi phakathi kwamazwe anomoya aMathafa amaKhulu.
Izizathu zokubasa i-lag yayiyi-Nebraskan ekhethekileyo. I-Nebraska kuphela kwelizwe elibonelelwa ngokupheleleyo ngamaziko oluntu, egunyaziswe ukunikezela ngowona mbane uphantsi kangangoko.
Iikhredithi zerhafu ye-Federal kwiifama zomoya zisetyenziswa kuphela kwicandelo labucala. Ngabantu abancinci, umbane osele unexabiso eliphantsi kunye nofikelelo olunyiniweyo kwiintambo zothumelo, iNebraska yayiswele imakethi yokwenza amandla omoya abe nexabiso.
Ishumi leminyaka lomthetho liye lanceda ukutshintsha loo calculus. Izinto eziluncedo zoluntu zavunyelwa ukuthenga amandla kubaphuhlisi bomoya babucala. Umthetho welizwe waphambukisa iirhafu eziqokelelwe kubaphuhlisi bomoya emva kwisithili kunye nesithili sesikolo - isizathu sokuba iifama zomoya zeBanner zicuthe iirhafu kubahlali besiphaluka.
Ngoku, iNebraska inee-injini zomoya ezaneleyo zokuvelisa i-3,216 megawatts, ukuya kwindawo yeshumi elinesihlanu esizweni.
Kukukhula okuthobekileyo, iingcali zathi. Kodwa ngomthetho omtsha womanyano okhuthaza umoya kunye namandla elanga, kunye nezithili ezintathu ezinkulu zamandla kawonke-wonke zaseNebraska ezibophelela ekungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni, amandla omoya kwilizwe kulindeleke ukuba akhawulezise.
Owona mqobo mkhulu ngoku inokuba ngama-Nebraskans angafuni iiinjini zomoya kwiindawo zabo.
Iiinjini zomoya ziyingxolo yamehlo, abanye bathi. Ngaphandle kweekhredithi zerhafu ye-federal, aziyiyo indlela yobulumko yezemali yokuvelisa umbane, utshilo uTony Baker, umncedisi wezomthetho weSen. Tom Brewer.
Ngo-Epreli, abaKomishinala beNqila yase-Otoe bamisela ukumiswa konyaka omnye kwiiprojekthi zomoya. Kwi-Gage County, amagosa adlulisa izithintelo ezinokuthi zithintele naluphi na uphuhliso lomoya oluzayo. Ukusukela ngo-2015, iikomishinala zedolophu e-Nebraska ziye zala okanye zanqanda iifama zomoya izihlandlo ezingama-22, ngokutsho kwentatheli yamandla. Isiseko sedatha yelizwe likaRobert Bryce.
“Into yokuqala esiyivayo iphuma emlonyeni wakhe wonke umntu yayikukuba, 'Asizifuni ezo turbines zomoya zimbi ecaleni kwendawo yethu,'” utshilo uBaker, echaza utyelelo lwamalungu eBrewer's Sandhills. “Amandla omoya aqhekeza isiseko soluntu. Unentsapho exhamlayo kuyo, iyayifuna, kodwa wonke umntu ongummelwane akayifuni.”
Iiinjini zomoya ezininzi zinokufumaneka kufutshane neBanner County kwiKimball County engummelwane. Le ndawo yaseNebraska yenye yezona ndawo zibalaseleyo eUnited States zomoya ongaguqukiyo, ohamba ngesantya esiphezulu, iingcali zamandla zithi. Ifoto nguFletcher Halfaker yeFlatwater Free Press
UJohn Hansen, umongameli woManyano lwamaFama eNebraska, uthe ukutyhala kwiifama zomoya kuye kwanda kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Kodwa liqaqobana elikhulu, utshilo. Amashumi asibhozo ekhulwini amaNebraskans asemaphandleni acinga ukuba kufuneka kwenziwe ngakumbi ukuphuhlisa umoya kunye namandla elanga, ngokutsho kwe-2015 yeYunivesithi yaseNebraska-Lincoln poll.
“Yingxaki ye-NIMBY,” watsho uHansen, esebenzisa isishunqulelo esithetha ukuba, “Akukho kwiNgasemva Yam.” Kukuthi, “'Andichasi amandla omoya, andiwafuni kwindawo yam.' Injongo yabo kukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho projekthi yakhayo, ixesha. ”
Kwiidolophu zaseNebraska ezijongene nokuncipha kwabantu, iiinjini zomoya zingathetha ithuba loqoqosho, utshilo uHansen. Petersburg, ukuthontelana kwabasebenzi emva kokwakhiwa kwefama yomoya kukhokelele ivenkile ethengisa ukutya engaphumeleliyo ukuba yakhiwe indawo yesibini, utshilo. Ilingana nomsebenzi wesingxungxo wamafama avumayo kwiiinjini zomoya.
“Kufana nokuba nequla leoli kumhlaba wakho ngaphandle kongcoliseko,” utshilo uDave Aiken, unjingalwazi wezoqoqosho kwi-UNL. "Ungacinga ukuba iya kuba yinto engekho-brainer."
Kwi-Banner County, inzuzo yezoqoqosho ibiya kuphuma igazi kwindawo ejikelezileyo ngokunjalo, abanini-mhlaba bathi. Abasebenzi bokwakha iiinjini zomoya ngeba bathengile igrosari kwaye bahlala kwiihotele ezikwingingqi zaseKimball naseScotts Bluff ezingabamelwane.
Ngoku, abanini-mhlaba abaqinisekanga ngokupheleleyo ukuba yintoni elandelayo. U-Orion uthe isigqibo soMkhosi woMoya silawula ubuncinci isiqingatha se turbines ezicwangcisiweyo. Isenethemba lokuba iprojekthi iza kuqhuba ngo-2024. I-Invenergy yalile ukuchaza naziphi na izicwangciso zexesha elizayo.
“Obu butyebi bukhona nje, bulungele ukusetyenziswa,” utshilo uBrady Jones, unyana kaJohn Jones. “Sihamba njani kuloo nto? Ngexesha apho siwisa umthetho oya kwandisa kakhulu utyalo-mali kumandla omoya kweli lizwe? Loo mandla kufuneka avele ndaweni ithile.”
