Akukho nto into esiyakholelwa ngayo ngeemfazwe ezibanceda ukuzigcina ziyinyaniso. Iimfazwe azikwazi ukuba zilungile okanye zizuke. Akunakukwazi ukulungiswa njengendlela yokufezekisa uxolo okanye nayiphi na into ebalulekileyo. Izizathu ezinikezelwa ngeemfazwe, ngaphambi, ngexesha, nangemva kwazo (ngokuqhelekileyo iziqendu ezintathu ezihlukileyo zezizathu zemfazwe efanayo) ziphela. Kuqhelekile ukuba sicinge ukuba, ngenxa yokuba asizange siye empini ngaphandle kwesizathu esihle, siye ekulweni, simele sibe nesizathu esihle. Oku kufuneka kuguqulwe. Ngenxa yokuba akukho sizathu esihle semfazwe, siye ekulweni, sithatha inxaxheba kumanga.

Umhlobo onengqiqo unganditshilo ukuba ngaphambi kokuba i-2003 engekho umongameli waseMerika wayekade exoki malunga nezizathu zemfazwe. Omnye, owazi kakuhle kakhulu, wandixelela ukuba iUnited States yayingenayo ingxaki kwimfazwe okanye imfazwe engathandekiyo phakathi kwe-1975 ne-2003. Ndiyathemba ukuba le ncwadi iza kunceda ukubeka irekhodi ngqo. "Imfazwe esekelwe kubuxoki" yindlela ephilileyo ende yokuthi "imfazwe." Ubuxoki buyingxenye yepakethe esemgangathweni.

Amanga aye ahamba phambili kwaye ahamba neemfazwe kangangeminyaka eyi-milleni, kodwa kwiminyaka iminyaka edluleyo imfazwe iye yafa kakhulu. Amaxhoba ayo ngoku ngoku angenawo ayingathathi-nxaxheba, ngokuqhelekileyo acacisa kuphela kwicala elinye lemfazwe. Nangona abathathi-nxaxheba abavela kwicala eliphambili banokudityaniswa ukusuka kubemi abaphoqelelwe ukulwa kwaye bahlukane nalabo benza izigqibo malunga okanye bazuze kwimfazwe. Abathathi-nxaxheba abaphila kwimfazwe baninzi kakhulu ukuba baye baqeqeshwa kwaye baxhaswa ukwenza izinto abangenakuphila ngazo. Ngamafutshane, imfazwe iyafana ngokufana nokubulawa kwabantu, ukufana kufakwe kwinkqubo yethu yezomthetho ngokuvalwa kwemfazwe kwiCell Peace-Briand Pact ku-1928, i-Charter United Nations kwi-1945, kunye neSigqibo seNkundla yamaZwe ePhathelene nokuShushisa ulwaphulo-mthetho ulwahlulo kwi2010. Iingxabano ezinokuba zilungele ukulungiselela iimfazwe kwixesha elidlulileyo kungenakukwenza njalo ngoku. Ubuxoki bemfa ngoku zizinto eziyingozi kakhulu. Kodwa, njengoko siza kubona, iimfazwe azizange zilungele.

Imfazwe ekhuselayo iyahlala isemthethweni, nangona ingaba imfuneko yokuziphatha. Kodwa nayiphi na imfazwe yokuzikhusela nayo imfazwe yobundlobongela obungekho mthethweni ukusuka kwelinye icala. Zonke iindidi kuzo zonke iimfazwe, kuquka neentlanzi ezimbini ezicacileyo, zihlala zithi zenza ngokuzikhusela. Abanye ngokwenene banjalo. Xa uhlaselo olunamandla lomkhosi luhlanga oluthathaka kwaye luhlwempuzekile phakathi kwehlabathi, abo balwa nabo bangachaza ubuxoki-malunga nabaxhasi, ngamathuba abo okunqoba, malunga neentlondi abazibandakanyayo, malunga nemivuzo yabantu abafel 'ukholo eparadesi, njl. kodwa akudingeki ukuba balwe imfazwe ibe khona; lifikile kubo. Ubuxoki obudala iimfazwe, kunye nobuxoki obuvumela imfa ukuhlala enye yezixhobo zethu zomgaqo-nkqubo woluntu, kufuneka zibhekiswe phambi kwabanye.

Le ncwadi igxininisa, kodwa ingakumbi kuphela, kwiimfazwe zase-United States, kuba i-United States lilizwe lam kwaye ngenxa yokuba yikho umqhubi wemfazwe ehlabathini ngoku. Abantu abaninzi ezweni lethu bathambekele ekungenikeleni impilo okanye ekuqinisekiseni ukungathembeki xa kuthengiswa kwiinkcazo zethu urhulumente enze nantoni na ngaphandle kweemfazwe. Kwiirhafu, ukhuseleko lwezeNtlalo, ukunakekelwa kwezempilo, okanye izikolo zihamba ngaphandle kokuthi: Amagosa akhethiweyo ngumqulu wexoki.

Xa kuziwa kwiimfazwe, ke ke, abanye abantu abafanayo bathambekele ekukholweni zonke izibango ezithandayo eziphuma eWashington, DC, kwaye zicinga ukuba zizicingela zona. Abanye baphikisana nesimo sengqondo esithobelayo nesingathandabuziyo "kuMlawuli wethu oyiNtloko," elandela indlela yokuziphatha eqhelekileyo kumajoni. Bayakulibala ukuba ngentando yesininzi "thina bantu" kufuneka silawulwe. Bakhohlwa into esiyenzayo kumajoni aseJamani naseJapan emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, naphezu kokunyaniseka kwabo ngokulandela ukulandelwa kwabo. Kukho abanye abantu abaqinisekanga ukuba bacinga ntoni ngeengxabano ezenziwe ekuxhaseni iimfazwe. Le ncwadi, ngokuqinisekileyo, iqondiswe kulabo bacinga ngayo ngokwabo.

Igama elithi "imfazwe" ligxininisa kwingqondo yabantu abaninzi i-US Civil War okanye iMfazwe Yehlabathi I. Siva iingqwalasela eziqhubekayo "empini" njengokungathi iimfazwe zisabandakanyeka ngokubambisana zimbini zamabutho zidibeneyo kwindawo evulekile. Ezinye zeemfazwe zanamuhla zibhekiswa ngokubhekiselekileyo ngokuthi "imisebenzi" kwaye zingabonakaliswa ngaphezu kwepeyinti kaJackson Pollock eneembala emithathu ebonakalayo yonke indawo, enye ibonisa umkhosi ohlala emzimbeni, owesibili umele intshaba, kunye nesithathu esimele abantu abamsulwa - Umbala wesibini nowesithathu uhlukaniswa kuphela komnye usebenzisa i-microscope.

Kodwa imisebenzi eshushu ebandakanya ubundlobongela rhoqo kufuneka ibonakale kwiindawo ezininzi ezibandayo ezibandakanya amabutho angaphandle asekwe kwizizwe ezidibeneyo. Yaye yintoni yokwenza imisebenzi ebandakanya ukuqhunyiswa kwamabhomu okwehla kwisizwe esivela kwiidrones ezingenamntu ezihlolwa ngamadoda nabasetyhini ngaphesheya kwehlabathi? Ngaba loo mfazwe? Ngaba iziganeko zokubulala ezifihlakeleyo zithunyelwa kwezinye iindidi ukusebenzela zazo ziya kuthatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe? Kuthekani ngokumbamba umbuso weproxy kwaye ukhuthaze ukuba uqalise ukuhlaselwa kummelwane okanye kubantu bakubo? Kuthekani ngokuthengisa izixhobo kwiintlanga ezinobandezeli emhlabeni jikelele okanye ukulungiselela ukusasazeka kwezixhobo zenuzi? Mhlawumbi kungekhona zonke izenzo ezinjengeemfazwe ezinjengezo zinto zilwa nemfazwe. Kodwa ezininzi zizenzo apho imithetho yemimandla yasekhaya kunye neyomhlaba ifanele ifakwe kwaye kufuneka sibe nolwazi noluntu lokulawula. Kwindlela yaseburhulumenteni yase-US, i-legislature ayifanele iluphelise amandla omgaqo-siseko wemfazwe kubaongameli kuba nje ukubonakala kweemfazwe kushintshile. Abantu abafanele balahlekelwe ilungelo labo lokukwazi ukuba urhulumente wabo wenza ntoni, ngenxa yokuba izenzo zakhe zifana nemfazwe ngaphandle kokulwa.

Ngeli xesha le ncwadi igxile kwiimvakalisi eziye zanikezelwa kwiimfazwe, yinto engqubana nokuthula. Abantu akufanele bavumele amalungu enkomfa ukuba axhumele iofisi ngaphandle kokuchazela izikhundla zabo kwiinkxaso zemfazwe, kubandakanywa iimfazwe ezingabonakaliyo ezihlaselwa ngokugqithiswa kweedonone okanye ukuqhuma kweebhomu kumazwe angaphandle, kuquka iimfazwe ezikhawulezayo eziza kuhamba ngexesha leCongress, kunye neimfazwe ezide kakhulu ukuba iithelevishini zethu zikhohlwe ukusikhumbuza zisenzeka.

Uluntu lwase-US lunokuthi luchasene ngakumbi neemfazwe ngoku kunanini ngaphambili, umphumo wenkqubo eye ithathe ikhulu leminyaka nesiqingatha. Imvakalelo yokulwa nemfazwe yayiphakamileyo kakhulu phakathi kweemfazwe zehlabathi ezimbini, kodwa ngoku iqine ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, ihluleka xa ibhekene neemfazwe apho abantu abambalwa baseMerika bafa. Ukunyuka okuthe ngqo kwimbutho ye-US nganye ngeveki kwimfazwe engapheliyo ibe yinxalenye yelizwe lethu lelizwe. Ukulungiselela imfazwe kuyo yonke indawo kwaye ayithandabuzeki.

Sinozaliswe ngokugqithisileyo kunanini ngaphambili. Imikhosi yemikhosi kunye nenkxaso yayo yondla isabelo esikhulu kakhulu sezoqoqosho, ukubonelela ngemisebenzi ngokusesikweni kuzo zonke iinqununu zezithili. Abaqashi bamagosa kunye nokukhangisa abaqeshwayo baninzi. Iziganeko zemidlalo kumamkeli e-TV "amalungu e-United States amabutho ahlomileyo ajonga kwii-177 iintlanga emhlabeni jikelele" kwaye akukho bani ozokhenkcela. Xa iimfazwe ziqala, urhulumente wenza nantoni na ekufuneka yenze ukuze akhombise ngokwaneleyo uluntu ukuxhasa iimfazwe. Xa uluntu luphendukele kwiimfazwe, urhulumente ngokufanelekileyo uyaphikisana neengcinezelo zokubazisa ekupheleni kamsinya. Eminye iminyaka kwiimfazwe e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq, uninzi lwamaMerika latsho i-pollsters ukuba bekuphutha ukuqala enye yezo mpi. Kodwa iindawo ezinkulu ezixhaphakileyo zazixhasa ezo mpazamo xa zenziwe.

Ebudeni beemfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi, iintlanga zafuna ukuzincama ngakumbi kuninzi lwabantu babo ukuxhasa imfazwe. Namhlanje, imeko yokulwa kufuneka inqobe ukuchasana kwabantu kwiingxabano abaziwaphihlileyo ngaphambili. Kodwa, ukuze kuxhaswe imfazwe, abantu abayifuni ukuqiniseka ukuba benze imihlatshelo emikhulu, babhale, babhalise i-draft, bakhulise ukutya kwabo, okanye banciphise ukutya kwabo. Bamele baqiniseke ukuba bangenzi nto nhlobo, okanye baninzi baxelele i-pollsters kwifowuni exhasa imfazwe. Abaongameli abasithatha kwiimfazwe ezimbini zehlabathi baze baphumelele kwiVietnam yaseVietnam batyunjwa bathi bangasikhupha, njengokuba babona inzuzo yezopolitiko yokungena.

Ngexesha leMfazwe yaseGulf (kwaye emva kweNkulumbuso yaseBrithani uMargaret Thatcher ukunyusa ukuthanda izwe ngenkxaso ngexesha elikhawulezayo le-1982 imfazwe neArgentina kwiiFalkland Islands) ithemba lokunyulo lwee-electoral, ubuncinane kwiimfazwe ezikhawulezayo, liye lalawula ukucinga kwezopolitiko. UMongameli uBill Clinton wayekrokrelwa ngokubanzi, ngokuchanekileyo okanye kungenjalo, yokuqalisa izenzo zezempi ukuphazamisa kwiindawo zakhe ezihlaselayo. UGeorge W. Bush akazange enze imfihlelo yokulamba kwakhe xa eqhuba umongameli, ekhupha ingxoxo kwiDisemba 1999 ingxoxo yeNew Hampshire yeprayimari ezintandathu, apho amajelo agqityiweyo aphelile, "Ndiza kumkhupha, izixhobo zokutshabalalisa. . . . Ndiyamangalisa ukuba ulapho. "UBas wachaza iNew York Times ukuba wayeyithetha" ukuthatha "ngaphandle" ngokubhekiselele kwizixhobo, kungekhona umbusi wase-Iraq. Umviwa kaMongameli uBarack Obama wathembisa ukuphelisa imfazwe enye kodwa ukwandisa enye kwaye yandisa umshini wokwenza imfazwe.

Lo matshini utshintshile kwiminyaka, kodwa ezinye izinto azikho. Le ncwadi ibhekisela kwimimiselo yento endiyithathayo yokuba yiindidi eziphambili zemfazwe, imizekelo ethathwe kwihlabathi lonke kunye neenkulungwane. Ndandilungiselele eli bali ngokulandelana kwexesha kwaye ngabiza isahluko ngasinye ngemfazwe ethile. Le projekthi yayiza kubakho iphela kwaye iphindaphinda. Kwakuya kuvelisa i-encyclopedia xa oko kwakucinga ukuba kuyimfuneko kwakuyikhokelo, indlela-kwimiqulu eya kuqeshwa kuyo ekukhuselweni nasekupheliseni iimfazwe. Ukuba ufuna ukufumana yonke into endiyenayo malunga nemfazwe ethile, ungasebenzisa isalathisi ngasemva kwincwadi. Ndiyincoma, nangona kunjalo, ukufunda incwadi ngokukhawuleza ukuze ndilandele i-debunking yeendima eziqhelekileyo kwimfazwe eshiywe ishishini, ubuxoki obuya kubuya bufana neziZombi eziza kufe.

Le ncwadi ijoliswe ekuboniseni ubuxoki bobuninzi beengcamango ezingqinelanayo eziye zanikelwa ngeemfazwe. Ukuba le ncwadi iphumelela kwinjongo yayo, ngexesha elizayo imfazwe iya kucetyiswa akukho mfuneko yokulinda ukubona ukuba izizathu zokuba zilungele ukuba zibuxoki. Siya kuqonda ukuba bayinyani, kwaye siya kukwazi ukuba nokuba ngaba yinyaniso abayi kuba yizizathu zokuzilungisa. Abanye bethu babesazi ukuba akukho zixhobo e-Iraq kwaye nokuba kwakungekho into eyayingenakho ukulwa nemfazwe ngokomthetho okanye ngokusemthethweni.

Ukuqhubela phambili, injongo yethu kufuneka ibe yilungiselelo lemfazwe ngendlela ethile: kufuneka silungele ukugatya ubuxoki obuya kuzisa okanye ukulwela imfazwe. Yiyo kuphela into ebalulekileyo yamaMelika okwenziwe ngokugatya ubuxoki malunga ne-Iran iminyaka emveni kokuhlasela kwe-Iraq. Ukulungelelanisa kwethu kufuneka kubandakanye impendulo ekulungele kwingxabano enzima kakhulu yokuphikisa: ukuthula. Xa kungekho mpikiswano kuyo yonke into yokuba ibhotile yasePakistan, i-pro-war side iphumelela ngokuzenzekelayo. Sifanele sihlanganisise ukuba sidibanise kuphela kodwa nokuthintela iimfazwe, zombini izenzo ezifuna ukusetyenziswa kwengcinezelo kulabo abasemagunyeni, into ehluke kakhulu ekukhombiseni ababukeleyo.

Sekunjalo, ukunyaniseka kwabathengileyo bayindawo yokuqala. Imfazwe yamanga ifika kuzo zonke iimo kunye nobukhulu, kwaye ndibaqokelele kwizinto ezizibonayo njengezihloko eziphezulu kwizahluko ezilandelayo. Iingcamango "zobuxoki obukhulu" kukuba abantu abaza kuthi baqonde ngokucacileyo iifayili ezincinci kunokuba abaphangi baxhamla baya kukhanyela ukungaqiniseki ngamanga amakhulu kunomntu ngaphandle kokungabaza into encinane. Kodwa akukona ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani bobuxoki obubalulekileyo, ndicinga, ngokunjalo nangolu hlobo. Kungaba buhlungu ukuba uqaphele ukuba abantu abajongene nabo njengokuba iinkokeli zichitha ubutyebi bomntu ngenxa yezizathu ezilungileyo. Kungaba mnandi ukucinga ukuba abanakuze benze into enjalo, nangona ukucinga ukuba oku kufuna ukuchithwa kwamanye amaqiniso awaziwayo kwi-consciousness yakho. Ububunzima abukho ekukholweni ukuba baya kuthetha ubuxoki obukhulu, kodwa ekukholweni ukuba baya kwenza ubugebengu obukhulu.

Izizathu ezinikezelwa rhoqo kwiimfazwe akuzona zonke izizathu zomthetho kwaye akuzona zonke izizathu zokuziphatha. Abahlali bavumelane rhoqo, kodwa bahlala benikwa ngokudibeneyo, nangona bebhenela kumaqela ahlukeneyo angabancedisi bemfazwe. Iimfazwe, sitsheliwe, zilwe nxamnye nabantu abakhohlakeleyo okanye abakhohlisi abasisihlasele okanye besenza ngokukhawuleza. Ngaloo ndlela, sisebenza ngokukhusela. Abanye bethu bathanda ukubona uwonke wonke utshaba lubi, kwaye abanye babeka ityala kuhulumeni wabo kuphela. Kwabanye abantu ukuba banikele ngenkxaso yabo, iimfazwe kufuneka zibonwe njengobuntu, zilwela egameni labanye abantu abancedisayo kwimfazwe efanayo bafuna ukumbona ebusweni bomhlaba. Nangona iimfazwe zibe yinto enjalo yokupha, sinokuziqaphela ukuba singenakunqandwa. Sixelelwa kwaye sikholelwa ukuba akukho khetho. Imfazwe inokuba yinto enyantisayo, kodwa siye sanyanzeliswa kuyo. Amagorha ethu anamaqhawe, ngelixa abo babeka umgaqo-nkqubo baneminqweno efanelekileyo kunazo zonke kwaye bafaneleke ngakumbi kunabo bonke bethu ukwenza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo.

Emva kokuba imfazwe iqhubeka, kunjalo, asiyi kuqhubeka nayo ukuze sinqobe iintshaba ezimbi okanye sibazuze; siyaqhubeka neemfazwe ngokuyinhloko ukuba amajoni ethu asetyenziswe "kwindawo yokulwa," kwinkqubo esiyibiza ngokuba "ukuxhasa imikhosi." Ke ukuba sifuna ukuphelisa imfazwe engathandekiyo, senza oko ngokunyuka. Ngaloo ndlela sifinyelela "ukunqoba," esinokuyithemba ngayo iithelevishini zethu ukuba zisitshele ngokuchanekileyo. Ngaloo ndlela senza ihlabathi elingcono kwaye silondoloze ukulawulwa komthetho. Sithintela imfazwe ezayo ngokuqhubeka nokukhoyo kwaye silungiselele ngakumbi.

Okanye sifuna ukukholelwa.