nguAlice Slater, uDisemba 22, 2017
ukusuka Wesizwe
In Oslo ngoDisemba 10, ibhaso likaNobel loxolo lanikwa imbasa yeLizwe liphela yokupheliswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya (i-ICAN) kwaye yamkelwa egameni lephulo ngumphathi olawulayo, u-Beatrice Fihn, kunye no-Setsuko Thurlow, umgqugquzeli wase-ICAN kunye nexhoba. Ibhombu ye1945 Hiroshima. Bobabini bathethe amawakawaka abakhweli kwimibutho ye-400 kunye namazwe angaphezulu kwe-100 kwihlabathi liphumelele le nto ngokusebenza noorhulumente abanobuhlobo ukuhambisa uninzi lamazwe kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuba enze isivumelwano sokwenqabela ukuvala izixhobo zenyukliya. ubunini bazo, zisebenzisa, okanye zisongele ngokungekho semthethweni.
Umsitho uvulwe ngokudubuleka kwabakhonkxwa abane, amaxilongo abo axhonywe ngemiqhafazo ebomvu, ukusuka kwilitye lelelitye eliphakamileyo elaligcwaliswe lilanga, I-Oslo City Hall egqunywe ngelitye ngaphezulu kwesihlwele esivelileyo ngezantsi esasibandakanya nowayesakuba liXolo ngeBhaso loxolo. oonozakuzaku namanye amagosa aseburhulumente, kubandakanya inkulumbuso yaseNorway nosodolophu waseHiroshima; iinkwenkwezi ze-movie kunye neenkwenkwezi ze-rock; ngokunjalo namakhulu aliqela engca e-ICAN abakhankasayo abavela kwikona nganye yeglobhu. Njengokukhala kwamaxilongo, ukumkani nokumkanikazi waseNorway kunye nenkosana yenkosana nenkosazana babehamba ngendlela ebomvu, yalandelwa ngamalungu eKomiti kaNobel kunye nezithethi ezibini zase-ICAN.
Sele kuyiminyaka nje ye-10 ukusukela i-ICAN yaqala iphulo layo elimangalisayo lokuphelisa izixhobo zenyukliya, kanye njengokuba izixhobo zemichiza kunye nezebhayoloji ziye zavalwa kunye neemayini zomhlaba kunye neebhombu zeqela. Isivumelwano malunga nokuThintelwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya ngoku kuvalile isikhephe esisemthethweni kwi-1970 Non-Proliferation Convention (NPT) efuna kuphela "imigudu yokholo elungileyo yokungaxhotyiswa ngezikhali zenyukliya" ngezixhobo zenyukliya ezi-5 ezikhoyo ngelo xesha-iUnited States, iRussia. , E-UK, eFrance, e-China. I-ICAN yaququzelela uthotho lweenkomfa ezintathu eziphambili eNorway, Mexico, naseOstriya kunye neenkokheli zikarhulumente, izazinzulu, amagqwetha, kunye nezinye iingcali, kubandakanywa nabameli abavela kwi-International Red Cross, umdlali obalulekileyo koluhambo lokunqanda ibhombu. Kwakuyi-Red Red International eyayinegalelo kwinkcazo eyahlukileyo malunga nentlekele eyenzeka ebantwini kwizixhobo zenyukliya kwi2000 etshintshe incoko yehlabathi jikelele malunga nezixhobo ezitshabalalisayo.
Endaweni yezixhobo zenyukliya 'ezichazwe ngokufihlakeleyo, ngezalathiso kwiimfuno zokhuseleko kunye nemigaqo-nkqubo yokuthintela, ingxoxo elawulwa zi-zida-zenyukliya kunye nabalingani benyukliya base-US kwi-NATO, kunye neJapan, i-Australia, kunye ne-South Korea (akukho Ngoobani abaxhasa isivumelwano esitsha), kuye kwakho utshintsho kwindlela ezixoxwa ngayo izixhobo zenyukliya. Kukho ukuqonda okuqhubekayo okukhula kokuqonda ukuba la magama ezomkhosi kunye nawokhuseleko awasamkeli isigxina senkxalabo yabantu enokubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwesixhobo senyukliya. Le ntetho intsha yanikwa amandla akhulayo yiVietnam, eyathi yathatha inxaxheba kwiingxoxo ze-UN kwaye yabamba inkomfa elandelayo yenyaselo yezomkhosi kulenyanga ukuxoxa ngenguqu yomgaqo-nkqubo osandula kubhengezwa ukusuka kuxhaswe umxholo othi “ukuthintela” ukusetyenziswa kwenyukliya. izixhobo zoku "zikhusela "kumgaqo-nkqubo omtsha obhengeza ukuba izixhobo zenyukliya mazingaze zisetyenziswe naphantsi kwazo naziphi na iimeko.
Ngaphandle kwesithembiso se-NPT seminyaka emalunga ne-50 seminyaka yezixhobo zenyukliye zokungasebenzi ngemfazwe, uMlawuli oLawulayo we-ICAN uFihn, e intetho yakhe yokwamkela, usikhumbuze ukuba "kwiindawo ezininzi kwihlabathi liphela-kwiinqanawa zesilivere ezingcwatywe emhlabeni wethu, kwiinqanawa ezinqanawa ezihamba elwandle, kunye neendiza eziphaphazela phezulu esibhakabhakeni-zilele izinto ze-15,000 zokutshatyalaliswa koluntu," esongeza ukuba " Ngobuhlakani ukuzivumela ukuba silawulwe zezi zixhobo. ”
U-Fihn uqhubekile waphawula ukuba abagxeki ngempumelelo ye-ICAN ukuvala umsantsa osemthethweni kwi-NPT ngesivumelwano sokuvalwa komsebenzi ichaza abakhankasayo "njengabangenangqondo, abanqwenela umbono ongenasiseko. Amazwe aphethe izixhobo zenyukliya akasayi kuze anikezele ngezixhobo zawo. ”
Kodwa simele ukhetho olululo. Simele abo bangavumiyo ukwamkela izixhobo zenyukliya njengesixhobo somlilo kwilizwe lethu, abo bangavumiyo ukuba ii-fates zabo ziboshwe kwimigca embalwa yekhowudi yokuqalisa. Okwethu kukuphela kwenyani enokwenzeka. Olunye uhlobo alunakucingelwa. Ibali lezixhobo zenyukliya liza kuba nesiphelo, kwaye kukuokwethu ukuba siyintoni na eso siphelo. Ngaba iya kuba sisiphelo sezixhobo zenyukliya, okanye iya kuba sisiphelo kuthi? Enye yezi zinto iya kwenzeka. Elona khosi linokuphela kwenyathelo lokuyeka ukuhlala phantsi kweemeko apho intshabalalo ethu sobabini iyinto enye engathandekiyo.
UFihn waphinda wancoma, "Indoda - hayi mfazi! Yenzani izixhobo zenyukliya ukulawula abanye, kodwa endaweni yoko silawulwa."
Basenza izithembiso zobuxoki. Ukuba ngokwenza iziphumo zokusebenzisa ezi zixhobo zingacingeki kangako kuya kwenza naluphi na usukuzwano. Ukuba kungasigcina sikhululekile emfazweni. Kodwa kude kuthintelwe imfazwe, ezi zixhobo zisizise kumbindi wamaxesha amaninzi kuyo yonke iMfazwe ebandayo. Kwaye kule nkulungwane, ezi zixhobo ziyaqhubeka ukusinyusa sisiya emfazweni nakwimbambano. E-Iraq, e-Iran, e-Kashmir, e-North Korea. Ubukho babo buxhasa abanye ukuba bajoyine ugqatso lwenyukliya. Abasigcini sikhuselekile, babangela ungqubano…. Kodwa zizikhali nje. Zizixhobo nje. Kwaye kanye njengoko benziwe ngumbono we-geopolistic, banokutshatyalaliswa ngokulula ngokuzibeka kwimeko yoluntu. Lowo ngumsebenzi osetwe yi-ICAN.
UFihn ubize zonke izizwe kwaye nganye kwezi zisithoba izixhobo zenyukliya ithi ngokudibeneyo nizibandakanye nesiVumelwano sokuNqanda izixhobo zeNyukliya, esithi,
I-United States, khetha inkululeko kunoloyiko.
I-Russia, khetha izixhobo zokuzikhusela kwintshabalalo.
Bhritane, khetha umthetho womthetho phezu kwengcinezelo.
France, khetha amalungelo oluntu kunoloyiko.
China, khetha isizathu ngaphezu kokucaphuka.
India, khetha ingqiqo ngaphezulu kokungabi nangqondo.
Pakistan, khetha i-logic ngaphezulu kweArmagedon.
Sirayeli, khetha ingqondo eqhelekileyo ngaphezulu kokwahlulwahlulwa.
INorth Korea, khetha ubulumko ngaphezu kokubhubhisa.
Ubuye wacela izizwe ukuba "zikholelwa ukuba zikhuselekile phantsi kwesambre sesixhobo zenyukliya, ngaba niyakuzinikela ekutshatyalalisweni nasekutshatyalalisweni kwabanye ngegama lenu?" Ubuye wacela bonke abemi ukuba "Yimani nathi sibaninyanzele kwicala likarhulumente kunye noluntu kwaye atyikitye esi sivumelwano, "ephawula ukuba" azikho izizwe namhlanje eziqhayisa ngokuba zizixhobo zemichiza "okanye" zithi kuyamkeleka, kwiimeko ezigqithileyo, ukusebenzisa i-sarin nerve agent "okanye" ukuhambisa utshaba lwayo isibetho okanye ipoliyo. Kungenxa yokuba imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe isetelwe, iimbono zitshintshiwe. Kwaye ngoku, ekugqibeleni, sinemeko engalinganiyo ngokuchasene nezixhobo zenyukliya. "
Setsuko Thurlow, umkhweli we-ICAN osindileyo kwibhombu kaHiroshima eneminyaka eyi-13, uthethe ngokulandelayo, enikela ubungqina kwintlungu nakwinkwantyo awayibona macala onke xa wayebaleka irabha awayengcwatyelwe nayo phantsi kwetyala emva kwibhombu, uninzi lwabantwana afunda nabo basweleka kwaye uninzi losapho lwalo lwalahleka ngokunjalo. Usikhumbuze ukuba "kwiiveki, kwiinyanga nakwiminyaka eyalandelayo, amawaka amaninzi anokufa, ngokufuthi ngeendlela ezingaqondakaliyo nezingaqondakaliyo, ukusuka kulibaziseko lwempembelelo yemisebe ukuza kuthi ga namhlanje, imitha ibulala abasindileyo."
Uvumile ukubandezeleka kunye nokuvuma ukunikela ubungqina kungekuphela nje kweHibakusha, njengoko amaJapan ebhekisa kwabo basindileyo kwibhombu yenyukliya eye yaphoswa eHiroshima naseNagasaki, kodwa nakwabanye abathwaxwa yinyukliya, kubandakanya nabantu “abanamhlaba neelwandlekazi zabo unxaniwe, imizimba yakhe evavanyiweyo, enamasiko awo aphazamiseka ngokungagungqiyo ”kwiindawo ezinamagama“ alibalekileyo ”anje ngeMururoa, Ekker, Semipalatinsk, Maralinga, Bikini.
Ngobuhlungu bethu kunye nomzabalazo opheleleyo wokusinda-nokwakha kwakhona ubomi bethu eluthuthwini — thina hibakusha saqiniseka ukuba kufuneka silumkise umhlaba ngezi zixhobo zingafunekiyo. Amaxesha ngamaxesha, sabelana ngobungqina bethu.
Ukanti abanye bala ukujonga uHiroshima noNagasaki njengezenzo zenkohlakalo. Bamkela ubungqina bokuba ezi 'ziibhombu ezilungileyo' eziphelise “umlo olungileyo.” Yayiyintsomi leyo eyakhokelela kwintlekele yomlo weemfazwe zenyukliya-ugqatso olusaqhubeka nanamhlanje.
Izizwe ezisithoba zisasongela ukungatshisi iidolophu zizonke, zichithe ubomi emhlabeni, zenze umhlaba wethu omhle ungabi nakushukuma kwizizukulwana ezizayo. Ukuphuhliswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya akuthethi ukuphakama kwelizwe ukuba likhulu kodwa ukuvela kwayo kubunzulu bumnyama bokuzijongela phantsi. Ezi zixhobo azikho ububi obuyimfuneko; ngabona bubi bukhulu.
UThurlow uqhubeke wathi:
Ngomhla wesixhenxe kaJulayi kulo nyaka, ndaphelelwa yimincili xa uninzi lwamazwe ehlabathi bavota ukuba bamkele iSivumelwano sokuValwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya. Ndibonile ukuba ubuntu bubi kakhulu, ndangqina ngaloo mhla, ubuntu busemagqabini. Thina u-hibakusha sasilinde ukuvalwa kweminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe anesibini. Oku makube sisiqalo sokuphela kwezixhobo zenyukliya.
Zonke iinkokeli ezinoxanduva ziya kusayina esi sivumelwano. Kwaye imbali iya kubagweba ngokuqatha abo bayigatyayo. Iithiyori zabo ezingafunekiyo aziyi kuphinda zigqume ubunyani bezinto abazenzayo. Akusayi kuphinda kujongwe njengento ethintelayo ukuthintela izixhobo. Asisayi kuphila kwakhona phantsi kwelifu lokungoyiki.
Kumagosa amazwe axhobileyo anezixhobo zenyukliya-kunye nakwabo babambisene nabo phantsi kwento ebizwa ngokuba “sisambulela senyukliya” -nditsho oku: Mamela ubungqina bethu. Thobela isilumkiso sethu. Kwaye yazi ukuba izenzo zakho zibalulekile. Niyinxalenye nganye yenkqubo yobundlobongela ebeka emngciphekweni uluntu. Sonke masibe silumkele ukuchasana nobubi.
Zombini izithethi zifumene ii-ovation ezimiyo kwiidilesi zazo ezihamba kunye neefowuni ukuba zisebenze, kwaye, igumbi eligcwele amakhulukhulu abakhweli beengcambu, ihlombe lezithethi labonwa njengengaqhelekanga kakhulu kumsitho wokuwongwa ngembasa kaNobel. Imfuneko engokwasemthethweni yeSivumelwano sokuThintelwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya ukuba isebenze kwaye ibopheleleke kwizisayine zayo kukuba kufuneka ivunywe ziintlanga ze-50. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amazwe e-56 atyikitye isivumelwano kwaye izizwe ezine ziye zasivuma kwizindlu zowiso-mthetho.
Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwiphulo le-ICAN, ndwendwela http://www.icanw.org. Kukho i Isithembiso sePalamente Apho unokusebenzisa ukubhalisa ilungu lakho leCongress okanye iPalamente ekubizeni ilizwe lakho ukuba lixhase isivumelwano sokuvalwa. Kwimfazwe yenyukliya nakwimanyano yenyukliya yase-US ne-NATO kunye ne-Australia, South Korea, kunye neJapan kwiPasifiki- “isambrela senyukliya” zithi -inzame zokwenza ubandlululo ziqhubeke nokubekwa amabala kwizixhobo nakwimigaqo-nkqubo yazo. iphulo lokukhutshwa kabini kwabenzi bezixhobo zenyukliya, kuba isivumelwano siyala naluphi na "uncedo" ngezixhobo zenyukliya.
Kukho Imiboniso e-Buchel, IJamani, apho abaphengululi baye bafunda le ntetho intsha ngokuvakalayo kubasebenzi bezomkhosi kwindawo yomkhosi apho zigcinwa izixhobo zenyukliya zase-US. Amanye amazwe amane eNATO anezixhobo zenyukliya zase-US kwiziseko zazo-i-Itali, iBelgium, iNetherlands, neTurkey. Lo msebenzi uvinjelwe phantsi kwesivumelwano sokonqabela nakuphi na “ukubakho” kwezixhobo zenyukliya. Jonga isivumelwano esitsha Apha.
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Alice Slater nguMlawuli waseNew York weSiseko soXolo lweNyukliya, kwaye ukhonza kwiKomiti yokuLungelelanisa World Beyond War.
