NguJoseph Gerson, Iindoda eziqhelekileyo
Imidla yethu kunye nokusinda kwethu kuxhomekeke kwidiplomacy yoKhuseleko oluQhelekileyo kunokusilela okuphindaphindiweyo nokubulalayo komkhosi.
Kwimpendulo yakhe yokuqala yoluntu kwivoti yeBrexit eye yashukumisa iYurophu kunye nehlabathi elininzi, uMongameli u-Obama wayefuna ukuqinisekisa abantu baseMelika kunye nabanye. Wasibongoza ukuba singanikezeli kwi-hysteria kwaye wagxininisa ukuba i-NATO ayizange iphele kunye neBrexit. Umanyano lweTrans-Atlantiki, wakhumbuza umhlaba, uyanyamezela.1 Xa sijongana nento enokuba kukuqhekeka okucothayo kweManyano yaseYurophu phantsi koxinzelelo oluvela kubathandabuzi be-Euro, khangela i-US kunye ne-European Elites ehlangeneyo ukwandisa izibophelelo zabo kumanyano lwe-NATO lweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu anesixhenxe. I-hysteria eyaveliswa emva kokuhluthwa kweRashiya eCrimea kunye nokungenelela kwimpuma ye-Ukraine kunye noloyiko lokuwa kweemfazwe eziqhubekayo kunye neentlekele kuMbindi Mpuma ziya kusebenza njengeendawo zokuthengisa ze-NATO.
Kodwa, njengoko sijongene nekamva, nokuba / okanye ukucinga kunye ne-NATO kufuneka ishiywe ngasemva. Njengoko uMcebisi weSizwe woKhuseleko lukaMongameli uCarter uZbigniew Brzezinski wafundisa, ukusukela oko yasekwayo iNATO ibiyiprojekthi yobukhosi.2 Kunokuba sidale iMfazwe ebandayo entsha, egcwele ngokupheleleyo kwaye eyingozi kakhulu, imidla yethu kunye nokusinda kwethu kuxhomekeke kuzakuzo ngoKhuseleko oluQhelekileyo.3 endaweni yokusilela okuphindaphindiweyo nokubulalayo komkhosi.
Oku akuthethi ukujika amehlo angaboniyo kuhlaselo lukaPutin kwintetho yasimahla kunye nedemokhrasi, okanye kwi-saber ye-saber yaseMoscow kunye nokuhlaselwa kwe-cyber.4 Kodwa oko kuthetha ukuba kufuneka sikhumbule ukuba idiplomacy yoKhuseleko oluQhelekileyo yaphelisa iMfazwe ebandayo, loo nto icinezelayo kwaye inoburhalarhume nangona uPutin enokuba, wabamba intlekele yase-Yeltsin yexesha le-Yeltsin, kwaye wadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekupheliseni izixhobo zekhemikhali zaseSyria. IP-5+1 isivumelwano senyukliya kunye ne-Iran. Kukwafuneka sivume ukuba ngabantu abazizigidi ezibini kwiintolongo zase-US, kubandakanya iGuantanamo, ulwamkelo lorhulumente wasePoland wolawulo lwentando yesininzi kunye nobukhosi baseSaudi, kunye nomkhosi "Pivot to Asia" i-US ikhokelela kwihlabathi elingenankululeko.
Ukucinga nge-zero-sum akukho mdla wamntu. Kukho iindlela ezizezinye zoKhuseleko oluQhelekileyo kwiingxabano zomkhosi zanamhlanje ezandayo neziyingozi.
Siyayichasa i-NATO ngenxa yolawulo lwayo lwe-neo-colonial kuninzi lweYurophu, iindima zayo kwiimfazwe zobukhosi kunye nolawulo, isoyikiso senyukliya esikhoyo esibeka ubomi bomntu, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ihambisa imali kwiinkonzo zentlalo ezibalulekileyo, ukunciphisa ubomi e-US kunye nezinye. izizwe.
UWilliam Faulkner wabhala ukuba "ixesha elidlulileyo alifanga, alikadluli," inyani ephindaphinda ngevoti yeBrexit. Indlela yethu yeli xesha langoku nakwixesha elizayo kufuneka ke ngoko yaziswe ziintlekele zembali. Izizwe ezikuMbindi kunye naseMpuma Yurophu kubandakanya iPoland yoyisiwe, yalawulwa kwaye yacinezelwa ngabantu baseLithuania, abaseSweden, amaJamani, amaTatars, ama-Ottomans namaRashiya-kunye nangama-despots akhule ekhaya. Yaye iPoland yayikhe yaba ligunya lobukhosi eUkraine.
Xa kuthathelwa ingqalelo le mbali kunye nezinye izinto eziqwalaselwayo, bubudenge ukubeka emngciphekweni wentshabalalo yenyukliya ukunyanzelisa imida nangawuphi na umzuzu. Kwaye njengoko sifundile kwisisombululo soKhuseleko oluQhelekileyo lweMfazwe yoMlomo, ukusinda kwethu kuxhomekeke kumngeni wokucinga ngokhuseleko lwemveli. Ukruthakruthwano olwenzekayo oluza nomanyano lwasemkhosini, ugqatso lwezixhobo, izakhiwo zomkhosi-mveliso kunye nobuhlanga bobuzwe bunokoyiswa ngokuzibophelela kwintlonipho.
1913?
Eli lixesha elinezinto ezifanayo neminyaka eyandulela iMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala. Ihlabathi liphawulwa ngokunyuka nokuncipha kwamandla axhalabele ukugcina okanye ukwandisa ilungelo namandla awo. Sinokhuphiswano lwezixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe obutsha; ubuzwe obubuyayo, iingxabano zomhlaba, ukhuphiswano lwezixhobo, amalungiselelo omanyano antsokothileyo, ukudityaniswa kwezoqoqosho kunye nokhuphiswano, kunye nabadlali bamakhadi asendle kubandakanya noNobhala wezoKhuselo wase-US olungiselela ingqungquthela ye-NATO ngokuxelisa iimuvi zemigulukudu ngokuthi “Uzama nantoni na, uya uxolo”,5 kunye nemikhosi yaphiko lasekunene kulo lonke elase-US naseYurophu, kunye nabalandeli benkolo ababulalayo.
Ukukhuphisana kwe-NATO kunye nokuzivocavoca komkhosi waseRussia kuhlengahlengisa ukungavisisani emkhosini kangangokuba owayesakuba nguNobhala wezoKhuselo wase-US uPerry alumkise ukuba imfazwe yenyukliya ngoku inokwenzeka ngakumbi kunangemfazwe ebandayo.6 UCarl Conetta wayenyanisile xa wayebhala "impendulo yomkhosi we-NATO" eRussia eUkraine "ngumzekelo ogqibeleleyo wemijikelo yokusabela." IMoscow, uyachaza, "ayinamdla wokuzibulala ... ayinanjongo yokuhlasela i-NATO."7 I-Anaconda-2016 yenyanga ephelileyo, ebandakanya amajoni e-NATO angama-31,000 - i-14,000 yawo apha ePoland - kunye nemikhosi evela kumazwe angama-24 ibingowona mdlalo mkhulu wemfazwe eMpuma Yurophu ukusukela kwiMfazwe yoMlomo.8 Khawube nomfanekiso-ngqondweni wempendulo yeWashington ukuba iRashiya okanye iChina iqhube imidlalo yemfazwe efanayo kumda waseMexico.
Ukwandiswa kwe-NATO kwimida yayo; ikomkhulu layo elitsha lobuchule ePoland naseRomania; Ukwanda kokuthunyelwa komkhosi kunye nokuziqhelanisa nomkhosi oxhokonxayo kulo lonke elaseMpuma Yurophu, amazwe aseBaltic, eScandinavia kunye noLwandle oluMnyama, kunye nokuphinda-phindwe kane kwe-US inkcitho yayo emkhosini eYurophu, akumele simangaliswe kukuba iRussia izama "ukukhawulelana" ne-NATO. iyakheka ukwenyuka. Kwaye, kunye nokhuseleko lokuqala lwe-missile lwaseWashington olunxulumene nolwaseRomania nasePoland kunye nokuphakama kwayo kwizixhobo eziqhelekileyo, zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kunye nezixhobo zasemkhathini, kufuneka sothuke kodwa singamangali kukwanda kokuthembela kweMoscow kwizixhobo zenyukliya.
Sikhumbula iziphumo zeembumbulu ezidutyulwe ngumpu wombulali eSarajevo kwinkulungwane eyadlulayo, sinesizathu sokukhathazeka malunga nokuba kuya kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ijoni elinoloyiko okanye elindlongondlongo kakhulu laseMelika, laseRashiya okanye lasePoland, lityhale ngaphaya kwemida yalo, linomsindo okanye ngengozi, idubula imijukujelwa echasene nenqwelomoya eyehlisa i-US, NATO okanye enye inqwelomoya yaseRussia. Njengoko iKomishoni ye-Deep Cuts yaseYurophu-yaseRashiya-yase-US yagqiba "Kumoya wokungathembani okunzulu, ukonyuka kokuqina kwemisebenzi yomkhosi enokuthi ibe nobutshaba kufutshane- kwaye ngakumbi imisebenzi yomkhosi womoya kunye nemisebenzi yasemanzini kwindawo yeBaltic kunye noLwandle oluMnyama - kukhokelela kwezinye iziganeko eziyingozi zomkhosi ezithi…. kunokukhokelela ekubaleni ngendlela engafanelekanga kunye/okanye kwiingozi kwaye kuqhawuke ngeendlela ebezingalindelekanga.”9 Abantu bangabantu. Iingozi zenzeka. Iinkqubo zakhiwe ukuphendula - ngamanye amaxesha ngokuzenzekelayo.
Umanyano lwasebukhosini
I-NATO lumanyano lwasebukhosini. Ngaphandle kwenjongo ebonakalayo yokuqulatha i-USSR, i-NATO yenze ukuba kwenzeke ukudibanisa oorhulumente baseYurophu, uqoqosho, imikhosi, itekhnoloji kunye noluntu kwiinkqubo ezilawulwa yi-US. I-NATO iqinisekise ukufikelela kwe-US kwiziseko zomkhosi zongenelelo kulo lonke elaseMbindi Mpuma naseAfrika. Kwaye, njengoko uMichael T. Glennon wabhalayo, ngemfazwe ka-1999 echasene neSerbia, i-US kunye ne-NATO "ngengxoxo encinci kunye nokuthandabuza okuncinci ... bayishiya ngokufanelekileyo imithetho ye-UN Charter endala enciphisa ngokungqongqo ungenelelo lwamazwe ngamazwe kwiingxabano zendawo ... ngokuthanda into entsha engacacanga. inkqubo ekunyamezelayo ukungenelela emkhosini kodwa enemithetho embalwa engqongqo nekhawulezayo.” Kuyaqondakala ke ukuba uPutin wamkela isiqubulo esithi “Imithetho emitsha okanye akukho mithetho, ngokuzibophelela kwakhe kweyangaphambili.10
Ukusukela kwimfazwe yaseSerbia, ngokuchasene neCharter ye-UN, i-US kunye ne-NATO yahlasela i-Afghanistan ne-Iraq, yatshabalalisa iLibya, kwaye amazwe asibhozo e-NATO ngoku asemfazweni eSyria. Kodwa sinesigqebelo sikaNobhala Jikelele we-NATO uStoltenberg esithi akukho shishini njengesiqhelo de iRussia ihloniphe umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.11
Khumbula ukuba unobhala jikelele wokuqala we-NATO, iNkosi u-Ismay wachaza ukuba umanyano lwenzelwe "ukugcina amaJamani phantsi, amaRashiya ngaphandle kunye namaMerika", okungeyona indlela yokwakha ikhaya eliqhelekileyo laseYurophu. Yadalwa ngaphambi kweSivumelwano saseWarsaw, xa iRashiya yayisagungqiswa yintshabalalo yamaNazi. Nangona kwakungalunganga, isivumelwano seYalta esahlula iYurophu yazii-US kunye ne-Soviet spheres, sabonwa ngabaqulunqi bomgaqo-nkqubo base-US njengexabiso eliza kuhlawulwa ngenxa yokuba iMoscow iqhube imikhosi kaHitler kwimpuma nakumbindi weYurophu. Ngembali kaNapoleon, uKaiser kunye noHitler, ukusekwa kwe-US kwaqonda ukuba uStalin wayenesizathu sokoyika ukuhlasela okuzayo okuvela eNtshona. Ngaloo ndlela i-US yayibandakanyekile kwingcinezelo ye-Moscow yengcinezelo yezizwe zaseMpuma Yurophu kunye neBaltic.
Ngamanye amaxesha i-US "ukhuseleko lwesizwe" elite lithetha inyani. UZbigniew Brzezinski, owayesakuba nguMongameli kaCarter's National Security Advisor, wapapasha incwadi yokuqala echaza indlela awayibiza ngokuba “yiprojekthi yobukhosi” yaseUnited States.12 isebenza. Ngokwe-geostrategically, wachaza, ukongamela kwi-Eurasian heartland kubalulekile ukuba libe ligunya lehlabathi. Ukuvelisa amandla okunyanzeliswa kumbindi we-Eurasia, "njengamandla esiqithi" angekho e-Eurasia, i-US ifuna ukubamba i-Eurasia kwintshona, emazantsi nasempuma peripheries. Oko uBrzezinski awakubiza ngokuba “lilizwe eliphantsi” kweNATO, kwenza kube nokwenzeka ‘ukumiliselwa kwempembelelo yezobupolitika yaseMelika namandla omkhosi kumbindi weEurasia.” Emva kwevoti ye-Brexit, i-US kunye ne-European Elites baya kuthembela ngakumbi kwi-NATO kumzamo wabo wokubamba iYurophu kunye nokomeleza impembelelo yase-US.
Kukho ngaphezu kokudibanisa indawo yaseYurophu, izixhobo kunye nobuchwepheshe kwiinkqubo ezilawulwa yi-US. Njengoko owayesakuba nguNobhala weMfazwe uRumsfeld wabeka, kwisithethe sokwahlula kunye nokoyisa, ngokudlala iNew (eMpuma kunye noMbindi) eYurophu ngokuchasene neYurophu yakudala eNtshona, iWashington yaphumelela isiFrentshi, isiJamani kunye nenkxaso yamaDatshi emfazweni yokususa uSaddam Hussein.
Kwaye noko iNew York Times ichaza "njengephiko lasekunene, uhlaselo lobuzwe kumajelo eendaba kunye nenkundla yelizwe" kunye "nokurhoxa kwiziseko ezisisiseko zedemokhrasi yenkululeko" ngurhulumente waseKacynski, i-US ayizange ithandabuze ukwenza iPoland. indawo esempuma ye-NATO.13 I-rhetoric yaseWashington malunga nokuzibophelela kwayo kwidemokhrasi ixhaswa yimbali yayo ende yokuxhasa oozwilakhe kunye nolawulo lwengcinezelo eYurophu, iimonarchies ezifana neSaudis, kunye neemfazwe zayo zoloyiso ukusuka kwiiPhilippines naseVietnam ukuya e-Iraq naseLibya.
IWashington's European toehold iye yomeleza ukubamba kwayo kwi-Eurasia ye-resource rich periphery. Iimfazwe ze-NATO e-Afghanistan naseMbindi Mpuma zilandela isiko lobukoloniyali baseYurophu. Ngaphambi kwentlekele yaseUkraine, isikhokelo sobuchule sePentagon14 inike i-NATO uxanduva lokuqinisekisa ulawulo lwemithombo yezimbiwa kunye norhwebo ngelixa iqinisa ukurhangqwa kweTshayina kunye neRussia.15 Yiyo ke loo nto i-NATO yamkela imfundiso yayo “yokusebenza ngaphandle kwendawo”, yenza oko uNobhala uKerry akubiza ngokuba “kuhambo lokuhamba” e-Afrika, kuMbindi Mpuma, nangaphaya kweyona njongo iphambili yomanyano.16
Okubalulekileyo kwimisebenzi "yokuphuma kwindawo" ibe yimfazwe yase-US ebandakanya uluhlu lokubulawa kuka-Obama kunye nokubulawa kwabantu ngedrone yase-US kunye ne-NATO, uninzi lwayo oluye lwabulala abantu. Oku, kuye kwabangela ukuba kupheliswe inkcaso eyingozi nobugrogrisi. Izizwe ezilishumi elinesihlanu ze-NATO zithatha inxaxheba kwinkqubo yedrone ye-Alliance Ground Surveillance (AGS) eqhutywa kwisiseko se-NATO e-Itali, kunye ne-NATO's Global Hawk killer drones esebenza kwi-Ramstein Air Base eJamani.17
Ukwandiswa kwe-Ukraine kunye ne-NATO
Inani elandayo labahlalutyi beqhinga lase-US, kubandakanya owayesakuba yiNkumanda ye-US Strategic Command General Lee Butler uthe emva kweMfazwe ebandayo yase-US "uloyiso," ephatha iRussia "njenge-serf egxothiweyo," kunye nokwandiswa kwe-NATO kubahlali baseRussia nangona Isivumelwano sikaBush I-Gorbachev siqhubele phambili ukruthakruthwano lomkhosi wanamhlanje kunye neRussia.18 IRashiya ayizange ibangele ingxaki yaseUkraine. Ukwandiswa kwe-NATO kwimida yaseRussia, ukuchongwa kwe-Ukraine njengelizwe “elinqwenelayo” le-NATO, kunye nezandulela zeMfazwe yaseKosovo ne-Iraq nganye yadlala indima yayo.
Oku akuthethi ukuba uPutin umsulwa njengoko evuselela ilizwe lakhe elikhohlakeleyo le-neo-Tsarist kunye namaphulo okuqinisekisa impembelelo yezopolitiko yaseRussia "kufutshane naphesheya" kunye neYurophu ngokwayo, kwaye njengoko ebetha uqoqosho lwaseRussia kunye nomkhosi ukuya eTshayina. Kodwa, kwicala lethu, sinoNobhala kaKerry's Orwellian doublespeak. Wasigxeka “isenzo sogonyamelo esimangalisayo” saseMoscow eUkraine, esithi “kule nkulungwane yama-21 awuziphathi ngefashoni ngenkulungwane ye-19 ngokuhlasela elinye ilizwe [ngesisusa] sobuxoki.”19 I-Afghanistan, i-Iraq, iSyria kunye neLibya zanyamalala kwinkumbulo yakhe!
Amagunya amakhulu kudala engenelela eUkraine, kwaye oku kwaba njalo ngobhukuqo lukaMaidan. Ukukhokelela kubhukuqo-mbuso, iWashington kunye ne-EU zagalela iibhiliyoni zeedola ekuphuhliseni nasekukhuliseni amahlakani aseUkraine ukuba ajike iRiphabliki yangaphambili yaseSoviet imke eMoscow kwaye ibheke eNtshona. Abaninzi bayasilibala isigqibo se-EU kurhulumente okhohlakeleyo waseYanukovych: I-Ukraine inokuthatha amanyathelo alandelayo kubulungu be-EU kuphela ngokutshisa iibhulorho zayo eziya eMoscow, apho impuma ye-Ukraine ibibotshelelwe khona ngokwezoqoqosho amashumi eminyaka. Njengoko ungquzulwano olwakhiwe eKiev, uMlawuli weCIA uBrennan, uSekela Nobhala weLizwe uVictoria Nuland-odume ngokuba "fuck i-EU" yokungahloniphi amagosa aseWashington - kwaye uSenator McCain waya eMaidan ukuya kukhuthaza inguqu. Kwaye, nje ukuba ukudubula kuqale, i-US kunye ne-EU zasilela ukubamba amaqabane abo ase-Ukraine kwisivumelwano sokwabelana ngombane sase-April Geneva.
Inyaniso yeyokuba, ukungenelela kwezopolitiko zaseNtshona kunye nokufakwa kweRashiya eCrimea kwaphula iMemorandam yaseBudapest yowe-1994, eyabophelela amandla "ukuba ahloniphe ukuzimela, ulongamo kunye nemida ekhoyo yaseUkraine,"20 kunye “nokuyeka ukoyika ukusebenzisa izigalo ngokuchasene nengqibelelo yomhlaba okanye inkululeko yezopolitiko yaseUkraine.” Wayesithini uHitler malunga nezivumelwano zibe ziziqwenga nje zephepha?
Ubhukuqo-mbuso nemfazwe yamakhaya zisiphathele ntoni? Iseti enye yee-oligarchs ezonakeleyo ithatha indawo kwenye.21 Ukufa nokubandezeleka. Imikhosi yobuFasi yayikhe yamanyana noHitler ngoku eyinxalenye yabalawuli baseUkraine, nabangqongqo eWashington, eMoscow, nakuyo yonke iYurophu yomelezwa.
Ukususela ekuqaleni, enye indlela eyinyani yayikukudala iUkraine engathathi hlangothi, ebotshelelwe ngokwezoqoqosho kwi-EU naseRussia.
I-NATO: Umanyano lweNyukliya
Ukongeza kwingxaki yase-Ukraine, ngoku sinephulo likaWashington kunye ne-NATO lokubhukuqa ubuzwilakhe be-Assad kunye nokungenelela komkhosi waseRussia eSyria ukuqinisa umkhosi waseMbindi Mpuma kunye nezopolitiko. IRussia ayizukumlahla u-Assad, kwaye inyanzelise indawo “yokungabhabhi” abameli bakaHillary Clinton okuya kufuna ukuba kutshatyalaliswe umjukujelwa ochasene nenqwelomoya waseRussia, oko kubeka emngciphekweni ukunyuka komkhosi.
I-Ukraine neSyria zisikhumbuza ukuba i-NATO yimbumbano yenyukliya, kwaye iingozi zokutshintshiselana ngenyukliya azizange zinyamalale ekupheleni kweMfazwe ebandayo. Kwakhona siva ukuphambana kokuba "i-NATO ayizukwazi ukushiya izinto ngezixhobo eziqhelekileyo" kwaye "isithintelo esithembekileyo siya kubandakanya izixhobo zenyukliya ..."22
Iyingozi kangakanani ingozi yenyukliya? UPutin usixelela ukuba ucinge ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya ukuqinisa ulawulo lwaseRussia lwaseCrimea. Kwaye, uDaniel Ellsberg uxele ukuba imikhosi yenyukliya yase-US kunye neRussia yayiphaphile kumanqanaba okuqala entlekele yaseUkraine.23
Bahlobo, sixelelwa ukuba izixhobo zenyukliya zase-US zibekwe kuphela ukunqanda uhlaselo lwenyukliya olunokwenzeka. Kodwa, njengoko uBush uMncinane wePentagon wazisa ihlabathi, eyona njongo yabo kukuthintela ezinye izizwe ekubeni zithabathe amanyathelo achasene nemidla yase-US.24 Oko zaqala ukusetyenziswa, ezi zixhobo zisetyenziselwe ngaphezu kokuthintela okuqhelekileyo.
Owayesakuba nguNobhala weMfazwe uHarold Brown wangqina ukuba bakhonza enye injongo. Ngezixhobo zenyukliya, wanikela ubungqina, imikhosi eqhelekileyo yaseUnited States yaba “zizixhobo eziluncedo zomkhosi nezobupolitika.” UNoam Chomsky ucacisa ukuba oku kuthetha ukuba “siphumelele ngokwaneleyo ukoyikisa nabani na onokunceda ukukhusela abantu esizimisele ukubahlasela.”25
Ukuqala ngengxaki yase-Iran ye-1946 - ngaphambi kokuba i-Soviet Union ibe namandla enyukliya - ngokusebenzisa i-Bush-Obama "zonke iinketho zisetafileni" izoyikiso ezichasene ne-Iran, izixhobo zenyukliya eYurophu zisebenze njengabanyanzeli bokugqibela be-US Middle East hegemony. Izixhobo zenyukliya zase-US eYurophu zabekwa elunyukweni ngexesha lokuhlanganisa kuka-Nixon “uhlanya” lokoyikisa iVietnam, iRussia neTshayina, kwaye kusenokwenzeka ukuba zabekwa zilumkile ngexesha lezinye iimfazwe kunye neentlekele zaseAsia.26
Izixhobo zenyukliya ze-NATO zisebenza enye injongo: ukuthintela "ukudityaniswa" kwe-United States. Ngexesha leNgqungquthela yaseLisbon yowama-2010, ukuze kuthintelwe ukhetho lwamazwe angamalungu e-NATO, “uxanduva olwabelwanayo ngokubanzi lokusasazwa kunye nenkxaso yokusebenza” kumalungiselelo emfazwe yenyukliya kwaqinisekiswa kwakhona. Ngaphezu koko, kwabhengezwa ukuba "Naluphi na utshintsho kulo mgaqo-nkqubo, kubandakanywa nokusasazwa kwendawo ye-NATO yokuthunyelwa kwenyukliya eYurophu, kufuneka yenziwe ... yi-Alliance iyonke ... kunye nokwabelana ngomngcipheko. "27 Kwaye ngoku, ngobusuku bengqungquthela ye-NATO kunye nokuthunyelwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya ze-B-61-12 eYurophu, uGeneral Breedlove, kude kube mva nje, uMlawuli oPhakamileyo we-NATO, uye wagxininisa ukuba i-US kufuneka ikhulise ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwenyukliya kunye namahlakani ayo e-NATO ukubonisa. "isigqibo kunye nobuchule" babo.28
Enye indlela yoKhuseleko oluqhelekileyo kwi-NATO
Bahlobo, imbali iyashukunyiswa kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente iguqulwa ngamandla aziwayo ukusuka ngezantsi. Yiloo ndlela esaphumelela ngayo amalungelo oluntu amakhulu e-US, yakhokelela iCongress ukuba inqumle inkxaso-mali yemfazwe yaseVietnam, kwaye kunye sanyanzela uReagan ukuba aqalise uthethathethwano lokuthotywa kwezixhobo kunye noGorbachev. Yindlela olwaphulwa ngayo uDonga lwaseBerlin kwaye ubukoloniyali beSoviet baphoswa kumgqomo wothuli wembali.
Umceli mngeni esijongene nawo kukusabela kwi-impiriyalizim ye-NATO kunye neengozi ezikhulayo zemfazwe yamandla amakhulu ngentelekelelo kunye nokungxamiseka okufunwa ngamaxesha ethu. IPoland kunye neRashiya okanye iWashington neMoscow iya kuhlala imvisiswano nangaliphi na ixesha kungekudala, kodwa uKhuseleko oluQhelekileyo lubonelela ngendlela eya kwikamva elinjalo.
UKhuseleko Oluqhelekileyo luquka inyaniso yamandulo yokuba umntu okanye isizwe asinakukhuseleka ukuba izenzo zaso zikhokelela ummelwane okanye utshaba ukuba loyike yaye lungakhuselekanga ngakumbi. Ekuphakameni kweMfazwe ebandayo, xa izixhobo zenyukliya ezingama-30,000 zasongela i-apocalypse, iNkulumbuso yaseSweden uPalme wadibanisa amanani akhokelayo e-US, aseYurophu naseSoviet ukujonga iindlela zokubuya umva ukusuka elunxwemeni.29 Ukhuseleko Oluqhelekileyo lwaba yimpendulo yabo. Yakhokelela kuthethathethwano lweSivumelwano se-Intermediate Nuclear Forces, esathi saphelisa iMfazwe yoMlomo ngo-1987.
Ngokwenyani, icala ngalinye lichaza into eyenziwa lelinye ebangela uloyiko nokungakhuseleki. Iqela lesibini lenza okufanayo. Emva koko, kwiingxoxo ezinzima, oonozakuzaku baye babone amanyathelo kwicala ngalinye linokuthatha amanyathelo okunciphisa uloyiko lwelinye ngaphandle kokujongela phantsi ukhuseleko lwelizwe labo. Njengoko uReiner Braun wachazayo, kufuna ukuba “izilangazelelo zabanye zijongwe njengezisemthethweni yaye kufuneka ziqwalaselwe kwinkqubo [yomntu] yokwenza izigqibo…Ukhuseleko oluqhelekileyo luthetha uthethathethwano, incoko nentsebenziswano; kuthetha ukusonjululwa kongquzulwano ngoxolo. Ukhuseleko lunokufunyanwa kuphela ngemigudu edibeneyo okanye hayi kwaphela.”30
Ungajongeka njani uMyalelo woKhuseleko oluQhelekileyo? Iingxoxo zokudala i-Ukraine engathathi hlangothi kunye nokuzimela kwengingqi kumaphondo ayo kunye nobudlelwane bezoqoqosho kwiRashiya kunye neNtshona kuya kuphelisa loo mfazwe kunye nokudala isiseko esikhuselekileyo sobudlelwane obuphuculweyo phakathi kweYurophu neRashiya kunye naphakathi kwamagunya amakhulu. IKomishoni ye-Deep Cuts icebisa ukuba ukuphuculwa kwendima ye-OSCE "liqonga elinye lamazwe amaninzi apho ingxoxo malunga neenkxalabo zokhuseleko ezifanelekileyo inokuphinda iqalise ngaphandle kokulibazisa."31 Ekuhambeni kwexesha kufuneka ithathe indawo ye-NATO. Ezinye iingcebiso ze-Deep Cuts Commission ziquka:
- Ukunika kuqala uthethathethwano lwe-US-Russian ukunqanda kunye nokujongana nokwakhiwa komkhosi okunzima kunye neengxabano zomkhosi kwindawo yeBaltic.
- "[P] ukubuyisela [iziganeko] eziyingozi zomkhosi ngokumisela imithetho ethile yokuziphatha ... kwaye uvuselele iingxoxo malunga namanyathelo okunciphisa umngcipheko wenyukliya."
- I-US kunye neRussia zizibophelele ekusombululeni iiyantlukwano zabo zokuthobela iSivumelwano se-INF kunye nokuphelisa iingozi ezikhulayo zophuhliso lwemijukujelwa ngenqanawa exhobileyo kunye nokuthunyelwa.
- Ukujongana nengozi ekhulayo yezixhobo zobuchule ze-hyper-sonic.
Kwaye, ngeli lixa iKomishoni ihlaba ikhwelo lokuthintelwa kuphuculo lwezixhobo zenyukliya, ngokucacileyo injongo yethu kufuneka ibe sisiphelo kuphuhliso kunye nokusasazwa kwezi zixhobo zibulala zonke.
Ngokunciphisa inkcitho yomkhosi, uKhuseleko oluQhelekileyo lukwathetha ukhuseleko olukhulu lwezoqoqosho, kunye nemali eninzi kwiinkonzo zentlalo eziyimfuneko, ukuqulatha kunye nokubuyisela umva ukutshatyalaliswa kokutshintsha kwemozulu, kunye notyalo-mali kwiziseko zophuhliso zenkulungwane yama-21.
Elinye ihlabathi linokwenzeka ngokwenene. Hayi kwi-NATO. Hayi eMfazweni! Uhambo lwethu lweemayile eziliwaka luqala ngezinyuko zethu elinye.
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1. http://www.npr.org/2016/06/28/483768326/obama-cautions-against-hysteria-over-brexit-vote
2. Zbigniew Brzezinski. I-Grand Chessboard, Iincwadi eziSiseko, eNew York: ngo-1997.
3. IKomishoni eziMeleyo yeMiba yokuChithwa kwezixhobo kunye neyoKhuseleko. UKhuseleko oluQhelekileyo: Isikhokelo sokusinda. ENew York: USimon & Schuster, ngo-1982. IKomishoni, eyaqalwa yiNkulumbuso yaseSweden uPalme, yahlanganisa abantu abakhokelayo abavela kwiSoviet Union, eYurophu naseUnited States ekuphakameni kweMfazwe Yomlomo. Enye indlela yabo yoKhuseleko oluQhelekileyo ibonelele ngembono eyakhokelela kuthethwano lweSivumelwano se-Intermediate Nuclear Forces Agreement esathi saphelisa iMfazwe yoMlomo ngo-1987, phambi kokudilika koDonga lwaseBerlin kunye nokufakwa kweSoviet Union.
4. UDavid Sanger. "NjengeRussian Hackers Attack, i-NATO ayinalo iSicwangciso esicacileyo seCyberwar", iNew York Times, ngoJuni 17, 2016
6. UWilliam J. Perry. Uhambo lwam kwiNuclear Brink, eStanford: Stanford University Press, 2015.
7. UCarl Connetta. Ibhlog, "UKUQHUBEKA"
8. Alex Dubal Smith. "Amazwe eNato aqala umdlalo omkhulu wemfazwe kwimpuma yeYurophu ukusukela kwimfazwe ebandayo." Umgcini, ngo-Juni 7, 2016
9. “Umva ukusuka kuMbingo: UkuNxibelela kwiNgxoxo kunye neNgxoxo phakathi kweRashiya neNtshona”, iBrookings Institution: Washington, DC, June, 2016, http://www.brookings.edu/research/reports/2016/06/russia-west-nato-restraint-dialogue
10. UMichael J. Glennon. “Ukufuna uMthetho Osesikweni Wamazwe Ngamazwe” kwiMicimbi yaNgaphandle, ngoMeyi/Juni, 1999,https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/1999-05-01/new-interventionism-search-just-international-law ;https://marknesop.wordpress.com/2014/12/07/new-rules-or-no-rules-putin-defies-the-newworld-order/
11. UCarter kwi-NATO vs. Russia: 'Uzama Nantoni na, Uza Kuzisola', PJ Media, Juni 1, 2016,https://pjmedia.com/news-and-politics/2016/06/01/carter-on-nato-vs-russia-you-try-anything-youre-going-to-be-sorry/
12. Zbigniew Brzezinski. Op Cit.
13. “IPoland Iyaphambuka kwiDemokhrasi” Inkokeli yokuhlela, iNew York Times, ngoJanuwari 13, 2016/
14. UJohn Pilger. Imfazwe yehlabathi iyaqala”, Counterpunch, http://www.counterpunch.org/2014/05/14/a-world-war-is-beckoning
15. Ukuxhasa ubuNkokheli beHlabathi baseMelika: Izinto eziPhambili kuKhuseleko lweNkulungwane yama-21, kweyoMqungu, ngowama-2012.http://www.defense.gov/news/Defense_Strategic_Guidance.pdf
16. UJohn Kerry. “Amagqabantshintshi kwiNkomfa yebhunga leAtlantiki 'eSingise kwiYurobhu yonke neSimahla'”, ngoAprili 29, 2014,http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/04/225380.htm
17. U-Nigel Chamberlain, “IiDrones ze-NATO: 'abatshintshi bomdlalo” I-NATO Watch, ngoSeptemba 26, 2013.
18. https://www.publicintegrity.org/2016/05/27/19731/former-senior-us-general-again-calls-abolishing-nuclear-forces-he-once-commandedUNeil MacFarquhar. "Ithukisiwe, ihlonelwa, kwaye isacela umngeni iRussia ukuba ivele", Amaxesha aseNew York, ngoJuni 2. 18 http://www.defensenews.com/story/defense/policy-budget/policy/2016/04/11/business-usual-russia-unlikely-nato-leader-says/82902184/
19. UJohn Kerry. UKerry waseRussia: “Awufuni” ukuhlasela elinye ilizwe “ngesizathu esivakalayo”, Salon.com,http://www.salon.com/2014/03/02/kerry_on_russia_you_just_dont_invade_another_country_on_a_completely_trumped_up_pretext/
20. UJeffrey. "Ukraine kunye neMemorandam yaseBudapest ka-1994", http://armscontrolwonk.com, 29 Epreli, 2014.
21. UAndrew E. Karmer. “Zinyulwe Njengabalweli boHlaziyo, Iinkokeli ZaseUkraine Zisilwa Norhwaphilizo Oluzuzwa Lilifa.” INew York Times, nge-7 kaJuni, ngo-2016
22. Bern Riegert. Op Cit.
23. UDaniel Ellsberg, uthetha eCambridge, Massachusetts, ngoMeyi 13, 2014. U-Ellsberg wayengumcwangcisi ophezulu we-nyukliya wase-US kwi-Kennedy, uJohnson kunye noNixon ulawulo ngaphambi kokuba enze imbali eyimfihlo yePentagon yesigqibo seMfazwe yaseVietnam.
24. ISebe lezoKhuselo. Imfundiso yeMisebenzi eDityanisiweyo yeNyukliya, uPapasho oluHlangeneyo 3-12, 15 Matshi, 2015
25. UJoseph Gerson, u-Op Cit. p. 31
26. Ibid. iphepha 37-38
27. “NATO 2020: ukhuseleko oluqinisekisiweyo; uthethathethwano olunamandla”, ngoMeyi 17, 2010, http://www.nato.int/strategic-concept/strategic-concept-report.html
28. Philip M. Breedlove. "Umthetho olandelayo we-NATO: indlela yokusingatha iRashiya kunye nezinye izisongelo", iMicimbi yangaphandle, ngoJulayi / Agasti, 2016
30. UReiner Braun. INtlanganiso yaMazwe ngaMazwe, iNkomfa yeHlabathi ye-2014 ngokuchasene ne-Atomic & Hydrogen Bombs, eHiroshima, ngo-Agasti 2, 2014.
31. “Umva ukusuka kuBrink” op. cit.
