Iimfazwe zaseMelika emva kwexesha le-9/11 ziye zaphawulwa ngamaxhoba asezantsi e-US, kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba banobundlobongela obungaphantsi kuneemfazwe zangaphambili, utshilo uNicolas JS Davies.
By Nicolas J.S. Davies, March 9, 2018, Consortiumnews.com.
IiMbasa zeOscar zangeCawe ephelileyo ziphazanyiswe yi inkqubo yepropaganda engangqinelaniyo inomdlali womthonyama waseMelika kunye nogqirha wezilwanyana waseVietnam, ebonisa isiqwengana seefilimu zemfazwe zaseHollywood.
Coffins of dead U.S. soldiers arriving at
Dover Air Force Base in Delaware in
2006. (U.S. government photo)
Umdlali weqonga, u-Wes Studi, wathi "wayilwela inkululeko" eVietnam. Kodwa nabani na onolwazi oluphangaleleyo lwaloo mfazwe, kubandakanywa nezigidi zababukeli ababebukele i-documentary yeMfazwe yaseVietnam kaKen Burns, uyazi ukuba yayingamaVietnam awayesilwela inkululeko-ngelixa uStudi kunye noogxa bakhe babesilwa, bebulala kwaye besifa. , ngokufuthi ngenkalipho nangezizathu eziphosakeleyo, ukukhanyela abantu baseVietnam loo nkululeko.
U-Studi wazisa iimuvi zaseHollywood awayezibonisa, eziquka “i-American Sniper,” “The Hurt Locker” kunye ne “Zero Dark Thirty,” ngamagama athi, “Masithathe umzuzwana sinikele imbeko kwezi filim zinamandla zikhanyisela kakhulu ezo filimu. abaye balwela inkululeko ehlabathini lonke.”
Ukuzenza ngathi kubaphulaphuli bakamabonwakude behlabathi lonke ngo-2018 ukuba umatshini wemfazwe wase-US "ulwela inkululeko" kumazwe awahlaselayo okanye awahlaselayo yayibubudenge obunokongeza nje isithuko kukwenzakala kwizigidi zabasindileyo kubhukuqo-mbuso lwase-US, uhlaselo, amaphulo okudubula kunye nokuhlaselwa. imisebenzi yomkhosi enobutshaba kwihlabathi liphela.
Indima ye-Wes Studi kule ntetho ye-Orwellian yenza ukuba ingahambelani ngakumbi, njengoko abantu bakhe baseCherokee ngokwabo basinda ekuhlanjululweni kohlanga lwaseMelika kunye nokufuduka ngenkani kwi-Trail of Tears evela kuNorth Carolina, apho bahlala khona amakhulu okanye mhlawumbi amawaka eminyaka, ukuze E-Oklahoma apho uStudi wazalelwa khona.
Ngokungafaniyo nabathunywa kwiNgqungquthela yeSizwe yeDemokhrasi ka-2016 abaqhamuke kwiingoma ze “akusayi kubakho mfazwe” kwimiboniso yomkhosi, ubuhle kunye nokulunga kweHollywood kwabonakala kungadityaniswanga nolu ngenelelo lungaqhelekanga. Bambalwa kubo ababeyiqhwabel’ izandla, kodwa akukho namnye owaqhankqalazayo.
Ukusuka eDunkirk ukuya eIraq naseSyria
Mhlawumbi amadoda amhlophe asele ekhulile asaqhuba "i-Academy" aqhutyelwa kulo mboniso womkhosi ngenxa yokuba ezimbini zeefilimu ezityunjelwe i-Oscars yayiyimiboniso bhanyabhanya yemfazwe. Kodwa yayiziifilimu zombini malunga ne-UK kwiminyaka yokuqala yeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi- amabali abantu baseBhritane bechasa ubundlongondlongo baseJamani, hayi abantu baseMelika abayenzayo.
Njengoninzi lwee-cinematic paeans ukuya “kweyona yure ilungileyo” yase-UK, zombini ezi bhanyabhanya zimiliselwe kwiakhawunti kaWinston Churchill ngeMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi kunye nendima yakhe kuyo. UChurchill wathunyelwa ngokujikelezayo epakishwe ngabavoti baseBritane ngo-1945, phambi kokuba imfazwe iphele, njengoko imikhosi yaseBritane kunye neentsapho zabo endaweni yoko ivotela “umhlaba olungele amagorha” owawuthenjiswe yiLabour Party, ilizwe apho izityebi zaziya kwabelana khona ngemibingelelo. amahlwempu, ngoxolo njengasemfazweni, kunye neNkonzo yezeMpilo yeSizwe kunye nobulungisa bentlalontle kubo bonke.
UChurchill uxelelwe ukuba uthuthuzele ikhabhinethi yakhe kwintlanganiso yakhe yokugqibela, esithi kubo, "Ningaze niyoyike, manene, imbali iya kuba nobubele kuthi - ndiya kuyibhala." Wenza ke ngoko, eqinisa indawo yakhe kwimbali kwaye entywila kwiingxelo ezibaluleke ngakumbi zendima ye-UK emfazweni ngababhali-mbali abazimiseleyo njengaye. AJP Taylor e-UK kunye DF Fleming e-US
Ukuba i-Military Industrial Complex kunye ne-Academy ye-Motion Picture Arts kunye neSayensi izama ukudibanisa la ma-epics eChurchillian kunye neemfazwe zangoku zaseMelika, kufuneka baqaphele into abayifunayo. Abantu abaninzi kwihlabathi liphela badinga ukukhuthazwa okuncinci ukuba bachonge i-Stukas yaseJamani kunye ne-Heinkels edubula i-Dunkirk kunye ne-London kunye ne-US kunye ne-F-16s ehlangeneyo ibhobhoza i-Afghanistan, i-Iraq, iSiriya kunye ne-Yemen, kunye nemikhosi yase-Bhritane ebumbene elunxwemeni e-Dunkirk kunye neembacu eziziindwayi. Ukukhubeka elunxwemeni eLesbos naseLampedusa.
Ukukhuphela ngaphandle uBundlobongela beMfazwe
Kwiminyaka eyi-16 edlulileyo, i-US iye yahlasela, yahlala kwaye yawa Iibhola ze-200,000 kunye neemfono kumazwe asixhenxe, kodwa ilahlekelwe kuphela Ngama-6,939 amajoni aseMelika abulawa yaye abangama-50,000 58,000 benzakala kwezi mfazwe. Ukubeka oku kumxholo wembali yomkhosi wase-US, i-54,000 imikhosi yase-US yabulawa eVietnam, i-405,000 eKorea, i-116,000 kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini kunye ne-XNUMX kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala.
Kodwa ukwenzakala okuphantsi kwe-US akuthethi ukuba iimfazwe zethu zangoku zinobundlobongela obungaphantsi kuneemfazwe zangaphambili. Iimfazwe zethu zasemva ko-2001 mhlawumbi zibulele phakathi kwe2 kunye nabantu abazizigidi ezi-5. Ukusetyenziswa kwebhomu enkulu ye-aerial kunye ne-artillery bombardment kuye kwanciphisa izixeko ezifana ne-Fallujah, i-Ramadi, i-Sirte, i-Kobane, i-Mosul kunye ne-Raqqa ukuba ibe yinkunkuma, kwaye iimfazwe zethu ziye zafaka uluntu lonke kubundlobongela obungapheliyo kunye neengxabano.
Kodwa ngokuqhushumba kunye nokudubula kumgama ngezixhobo ezinamandla kakhulu, i-US yenze konke oku kuxhela kunye nokutshabalalisa ngesantya esisezantsi esingaqhelekanga sabantu ababulawa e-US. Ukwenza imfazwe yetekhnoloji yase-US abuzange bunciphise ubundlobongela kunye noloyiko lwemfazwe, kodwa "lukhuphele ngaphandle", ubuncinci okwethutyana.
Kodwa ngaba la mazinga asezantsi abantu abenzakeleyo amele uhlobo “lwesiqhelo esitsha” enokuthi i-US iphindaphinde ngalo lonke ixesha ihlasela okanye ihlasela amanye amazwe? Ngaba iyakwazi ukuqhubeka isilwa imfazwe kwihlabathi liphela kwaye ihlale ikhuselekile ngokukodwa kwizinto ezoyikisayo ezizisa kwabanye?
Okanye ngaba amaxabiso aphantsi e-US enzakalayo kwezi mfazwe ngokuchasene nemikhosi yomkhosi ebuthathaka kunye nabalweli abachasayo abaxhobileyo banika abantu baseMelika umfanekiso ongeyonyani wemfazwe, lowo uhonjiswe ngomdla yiHollywood kunye nemithombo yeendaba?
Naxa i-US yayilahlekelwa yi-900-1,000 yamajoni abulawa e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan minyaka le ukusuka kwi-2004 ukuya kwi-2007, kwakukho iingxoxo ezininzi zoluntu kunye nenkcaso yelizwi kwimfazwe kunokuba ikhoyo ngoku, kodwa ezo zazisezingamazinga aphantsi kakhulu eengozi.
Iinkokeli zomkhosi wase-US zinyanisekile kunabalingane bazo abangabahlali. Jikelele uDunford, uSihlalo weeNtloko zaBasebenzi abaManyeneyo, uxelele iCongress ukuba isicwangciso sase-US semfazwe eNyakatho Korea senzelwe ukuhlasela komhlaba eKorea, ngokufanelekileyo iMfazwe yesiBini yaseKorea. I-Pentagon kufuneka ibe noqikelelo lwenani lemikhosi yase-US ekunokwenzeka ukuba ibulawe kwaye yenzakele phantsi kwesicwangciso sayo, kwaye abantu baseMelika kufuneka banyanzelise ukuba yenze olo qikelelo esidlangalaleni phambi kokuba iinkokeli zase-US zithathe isigqibo sokusungula imfazwe enjalo.
Elinye ilizwe i-US, i-Israel kunye ne-Saudi Arabia zihlala zisongela ukuhlasela okanye ukuhlasela yi-Iran. UMongameli Obama wavuma kwasekuqaleni ukuba I-Iran yayiyeyona njongo iphambili yobuchule kwimfazwe yommeli weCIA eSyria.
Iinkokeli zakwa-Israel kunye ne-Saudi zisongela ngokuphandle imfazwe e-Iran, kodwa zilindele ukuba i-US ilwe ne-Iran egameni labo. Abezopolitiko baseMelika badlala kunye nalo mdlalo unobungozi, onokuthi ubulale amawaka abantu babo. Oku kuya kuguqula imfundiso yemveli yase-US yemfazwe yommeli entlokweni yayo, ngokufanelekileyo iguqule umkhosi wase-US ukuba ube ngumkhosi omele ulwele iimfuno ezingachazwanga kakuhle zakwa-Israyeli kunye ne-Saudi Arabia.
I-Iran iphantse ibe yi-4 ubukhulu be-Iraq, inabemi abangaphezu kokuphindwe kabini. Inomkhosi owomeleleyo we-500,000 kwaye amashumi eminyaka yokuzimela kunye nokuhlukaniswa neNtshona kuye kwayinyanzela ukuba iphuhlise imboni yezixhobo zayo, incediswa zizixhobo ezithile eziphambili zaseRussia naseTshayina.
Kwinqaku malunga ithemba lemfazwe yase-US kwi-Iran, US Army Major Danny Sjursen ukuchithile uloyiko lwezopolitiko zaseMelika nge-Iran njenge "alarmism" kwaye wabiza umphathi wakhe, uNobhala wezoKhuselo uMattis, "uxhalabile" ngeIran. U-Sjursen ukholelwa ukuba abantu base-Irani "abanobuzwe obungqongqo" baya kuxhathisa ngokunyanisekileyo nangokusebenzayo ukuhlanjwa kwamanye amazwe, kwaye baqukumbela ngelithi, "Ungenzi mpazamo, umsebenzi wase-US wase-US kwiRiphabhlikhi yamaSilamsi kuya kwenza ukuba i-Iraq, kube kanye, ibonakale njenge 'cakewalk. ' kwakulindeleke ukuba kube njalo. "
Ngaba Le “mfazwe Yobuqhetseba” yaseMerika?
Ukuhlasela iNorth Korea okanye i-Iran kunokwenza iimfazwe zase-US e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan zibukeke emva kohlaselo lwaseJamani lwaseCzechoslovakia kunye nePoland kufuneka ukuba zijonge kumajoni aseJamani ngaphambili eMpuma kwiminyaka embalwa kamva. Ngama-18,000 16,000 kuphela amajoni aseJamani awabulawa kuhlaselo lwaseCzechoslovakia nangama-7 7 kuhlaselo lwasePoland. Kodwa imfazwe enkulu abayikhokelela ekubulaleni amaJamani ayizigidi ezisi-XNUMX kwaye yenzakalisa izigidi ezisi-XNUMX ngaphezulu.
Emva kokuvinjwa kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala yanciphisa iJamani ukuba ibe kwimeko yokulamba kwaye yaqhubela uMkhosi waManzi waseJamani ukuba uguquke, uAdolf Hitler wayezimisele, njengeenkokeli zaseMelika namhlanje, ukugcina inkohliso yoxolo kunye nenkqubela phambili yasekhaya. Abantu abasandul 'ukuthinjwa beReich leminyaka eliwaka banokubandezeleka, kodwa kungekhona amaJamani kwilizwe.
UHitler waphumelela ukugcina umgangatho wokuphila eJamani malunga nenqanaba layo langaphambi kwemfazwe kwiminyaka emibini yokuqala yemfazwe, kwaye waqala ukunciphisa inkcitho yasemkhosini ngo-1940 ukukhulisa uqoqosho lwabahlali. IJamani yamkela kuphela uqoqosho lwemfazwe olupheleleyo xa imikhosi yayo eyayifudula isoyisa yabetha udonga lwezitena lokuchasa kwiSoviet Union. Ngaba abantu baseMelika banokuphila “kwimfazwe yobuqhophololo” efanayo, enye impazamo ekude nomothuko ofanayo kubunyani obunoburhalarhume bemfazwe esithe sayikhulula emhlabeni?
Uluntu lwaseMelika lwaluya kusabela njani ukuba inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu baseMelika babulawa eKorea okanye eIran-okanye eVenezuela? Okanye naseSyria ukuba i-US kunye namahlakani ayo bayalandela cwangcisa ukuhlala eSiriya ngokungekho mthethweni ngasempumalanga komEfrate?
Kwaye ziphi iinkokeli zethu zezopolitiko kunye neendaba ze-jingoistic ezisikhokelela kwi-propaganda yazo eqhubekayo echasene neRashiya kunye ne-anti-China? Bazakuthatha kude kangakanani ezabo i-brinksmanship yenyukliya? Ngaba abezopolitiko baseMelika bebenokwazi ngaphambi kokuba kube kudala kakhulu ukuba bawele indawo yokungabuyi ekuchitheni izivumelwano zenyukliya zeMfazwe ebandayo kunye nokunyuka kwengxabano kunye neRussia neTshayina?
Imfundiso ka-Obama yokufihlakele kunye nemfazwe ye-proxy yayiyimpendulo kwimpendulo yoluntu kwinto eneneni yayisezantsi iingxwelerha zase-US e-Afghanistan nase-Iraq. Kodwa u-Obama walwa imfazwe ngokuzola, hayi imfazwe ngexabiso eliphantsi. Ephantsi komfanekiso wakhe omangalisayo, wayinciphisa ngempumelelo indlela abantu abasabela ngayo ekunyukeni kwakhe kwemfazwe e-Afghanistan, kwiimfazwe zakhe zommeli eLibya, eSyria, eUkraine naseYemen, ukwanda kwakhe kwehlabathi jikelele kwemisebenzi ekhethekileyo kunye nogwayimbo lweenqwelomoya kunye nephulo elikhulu lokuqhushumba eIraq. kunye neSiriya.
Bangaphi abantu baseMelika abaziyo ukuba umkhankaso wokuqhushumba u-Obama owasungulwa e-Iraq naseSyria ngo-2014 ibe lelona phulo linzima lokuqhushumba kwe-US naphi na emhlabeni ukusukela eVietnam? Ngaphezu kwe-105,000 yeebhombu kunye nemijukujelwa, kunye nokungakhethi Iirokethi zase-US, isiFrentshi kunye ne-Iraqi kunye ne-artillery, baqhume amawaka amakhaya eMosul, Raqqa, Fallujah, Ramadi kunye needolophu ezincinci kunye needolophana. Kanye nokubulala amawaka ama-Islamic State fighters, mhlawumbi babulele ubuncinane be100,000 abahlali, ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe olucwangcisiweyo oluye lwadlula phantse ngaphandle kokuphawula kumajelo aseNtshona.
“…Kwaye KuLate”
Uluntu lwaseMelika luya kusabela njani ukuba uTrump usungula iimfazwe ezintsha ngokuchasene neNorth Korea okanye iIran, kwaye izinga lokwenzakala lase-US libuyela kwinqanaba “eliqhelekileyo” ngokwembali-mhlawumbi abantu baseMelika abayi-10,000 babulawa minyaka le, njengakwiminyaka encopho yeMfazwe yaseMelika eVietnam. , okanye i-100,000 ngonyaka, njengakwimfazwe yase-US kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi? Okanye kuthekani ukuba enye yeemfazwe zethu ezininzi ekugqibeleni inyukela kwimfazwe yenyukliya, enezinga eliphezulu lokwenzakala e-US kunayo nayiphi na imfazwe yangaphambili kwimbali yethu?
Kwincwadi yakhe yakudala ka-1994, Ikhulu Lemfazwe, ongasekhoyo uGabriel Kolko wachaza ngokucacileyo,
"Abo baphikisa ukuba imfazwe kunye nokulungiswa kwayo akuyimfuneko kubukho bongxowankulu okanye ukuphumelela kwayo ngokupheleleyo: ayizange isebenze nangayiphi na enye indlela kwixesha elidlulileyo kwaye akukho nto okwangoku eqinisekisa ukucinga ukuba amashumi eminyaka ezayo. iya kuba ngenye indlela. ”…
uKolko waqukumbela ngelithi,
Kodwa azikho izicombululo ezilula kwiingxaki zeenkokeli ezingakhathaliyo, eziqhathiweyo nodidi oluzimelayo, okanye ukuthingaza kwabantu ukuguqula ubudenge behlabathi ngaphambi kokuba bona bajamelane nemiphumo yako ebuhlungu. Kuninzi ekusafuneka kwenziwe-kwaye sekuhlwile. ”
Iinkokeli zaseMelika ezikhohlisiweyo azazi nto ngediplomacy ngaphaya kokuxhatshazwa kunye ne-brinksmanship. Njengoko bezihlambulula iingqondo zabo kunye noluntu ngenkohliso yemfazwe ngaphandle kokwenzakala, baya kuhlala bebulala, betshabalalisa kwaye babeke emngciphekweni ikamva lethu de sibayeke - okanye bade basimise kunye nayo yonke enye into.
Umbuzo obalulekileyo namhlanje ngowokuba ngaba uluntu lwaseMelika lungakwazi na ukwenza intando yezopolitiko ukutsala ilizwe lethu lisuke kumjikelo wentlekele enkulu yomkhosi kunaleyo sele siyikhuphele kwizigidi zabamelwane bethu.
