NguKristin Christman
Xa ukhetha indlela yoBundlobongela baseMntla-mpuma, kunokuba uhlolisise ukukhwabanisa, kunceda ukufanekisa i-iceberg. Amagorha avuselela ngokugqithiseleyo afuna umnqweno, amandla kunye negazi ngokugqithiseleyo angakhangeleka kakhulu kwiingcamango zaseMelika, kodwa ziphela nje iingcambu ze-iceberg. Aba bantu banomdla wokuchitha igazi, abathanda ukwenza abanye bathuthumele kwiibhuthi zabo, okanye bakholelwa ukuba ubukhohlakali buba nobuhle.
Ngaphantsi kwesi siqhwala, sifumana ama-militants avuselelekileyo akhusela ubomi, ikhaya, amandla, inkululeko, ixabiso, kunye nolwazi malunga ne-Mid-Eastern autocrats, umgaqo-nkqubo we-US kunye nenzondo yenkolo. Ubundlobongela babo abuvumelekanga, kodwa izizathu zabo ziqondakala.
Kwaye, ukupholisa ngokuzithoba ngaphantsi kwamanzi olwandle kuyisiseko esikhulu se-iceberg: uxolo lwabantu baseMid-Eastern abagweba ugonyamelo kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho olushushu, kodwa banokwabelana ngezikhalazo ezininzi, kuquka ukunyaniseka komgaqo-nkqubo wase-US wangaphandle.
Siyaqonda ingcamango ye-iceberg: ukubethelwa ngamatye, ukubethelwa, ukuguqulwa okunyanzelisiweyo. Kodwa ngaba sifunda ukuba amanye ama-ambulance ayakhathazeka ngenxa yokungabi nabubele kubampofu? Ngobutyebi obungokomoya benkqubela phambili? Bubi?
Khawucinge ngabaxhasi be-15,000 belizwe langaphandle abavela kumazwe angama-80 abaye bawa eSiriya balwa kunye ne-ISIS, al-Nusra, nabanye. Sikhokelwa ukuba kukholelwa ukuba ingxabano ngokuyinhloko malunga namaSulumane angama-barbar awanqununu kunye nokuxhela. Kodwa loo nto iyisiphelo se-iceberg, kuba la maSulumane ngokuqinisekileyo abamele iinjongo ezininzi ezikhuselekileyo nezikhuselekileyo ezazingagcinwa ngokupheleleyo emva kwe-9 / 11, zagqitywa ngakumbi yizilwanyana zase-US, kwaye zihlala zingaxhaswanga.
Ngoko urhulumente waseUnited States uhambela njani le iceberg? Okwangoku, ngokuguqula i-ax kuyo. Kodwa kukho iingxaki ezibalulekileyo kule ndlela.
Ukuqhekeza kude kwi-iceberg akwenzi nto ukulungisa iingxaki kunye nokuzikhusela ezibangela ubundlobongela baseMiddle-Mpuma. Imizimba yomlo isenokufa, kodwa iindawo ezingabonakaliyo abazizalisayo eluntwini ziya kuthatyathelwa indawo ngabaphumi-mkhosi abatsha ukuba iimeko ezibi ezibenzileyo zisekhona.
Iibhomu kunye nokuthunyelwa kweengalo zilungisa njani ukungasebenzi, ukuhlukanisa, ukubandlulula nokungathembeki? Izigidi ezichithwa kwiimpahla zinciphisa intlupheko? Ngaba izixhobo zilungisa njani iingxaki zokunkcenkceshela kwaye zenze isivumelwano esonelisayo malunga nokusetyenziswa kwamanzi kunye namanzi wamanzi phakathi kweSiriya, i-Iraq neTurkey?
Iibhobho zamanje zase-US zichithwa njani umsindo ngenxa yamabhomu ase-US adlulileyo kunye nokusebenza kwe-Iraq? Ngaba iibhomu zingabangela ukuthukuthela phezu kwe-Israel ye-athomu kunye neengxaki zasePalestina? Iibhomu ze-US zingakwazi njani ukunciphisa ukwesaba kwe-Western-Zionist Crusade malunga neMid-East?
Ngokuhlasela i-iceberg, ngokuphakamisa izoyikiso kubomi, abantu obathandayo, inkululeko, ikhaya, nendlela yokuphila, i-US inyanzelisa iingxaki ezikhokelela kugonyamelo olukhuselayo. Kwaye, ngelixa ukuhlasela i-iceberg kunokunceda ukulawula okanye ukutshabalalisa ezinye iingqondo ezinobundlobongela, kuzo zonke iingcinga ezinobundlobongela ezonakalisiweyo, ezininzi ziyenziwa.
Oorhulumente kunye neengqungquthela babelana nebhokisi leeteksi elithintekayo lokusebenzisa iindlela ezimbi abazisebenzisayo kwiintshaba: izinsongo, ibhomu, ukuhlasela, ukuthumba, ukuthatha indawo, ukuvalelwa, ukusongelwa, intlungu, ukubulala. Kodwa, njengoko izazi ze-neurobiologists ziyazi kakuhle, ukuphazamisa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukrakra okanye iintlungu kwizinto eziphilayo ezivutha ubundlobongela, kwaye zonke izicwangciso ezimbi zingabangela ukuba kuphumele umonakalo kwi-neurobiology ephazamisa amandla okuba nengqiqo, inokhathalelo noxolo.
Enyanisweni, loo bhokisi yeethuluzi ezinokugqithisa ingakwazi ukuguqula amaxhoba abo kwiintshaba. Yintoni eyenzeka ngaphakathi kwengqondo? Ukuthula-okunciphisa ama-serotonin amanqanaba, ukuphakamisa i-alarm-stimling noradrenaline, ukukhupha i-hippocampus, kunye ne-hippocampus iphazamise, ibe negalelo lokunyaniseka, ukuphendulwa kwempembelelo kunye nokunciphisa amandla okuvelisa iimpendulo ezakhayo, ezinobundlobongela. Akumangalisi ukuba ubuchopho bodwa bobuchopho bebundlobongela bubonakala bufana nobomi beengqondo zobundlobongela.
Ingqondo enobuhlungu ivela yimfazwe, iphumelele kwimfazwe, kwaye iqhutywe ngokucacileyo kuyo. Ngoko ke, kutheni unengalo enye icala kunye nolunye ulwaphulo, kuba kutheni nje ukuhlasela i-iceberg, kunokukunceda ukuxazulula iingxaki?
Ekugqibeleni, ukulwa ne-iceberg kuchitha amandla okulunga. Xa ufunda ukuba kutheni amaSilamsi eye ahamba kule minyaka ingamashumi amane idlulileyo esiya kulwa e-Afghanistan, Lebanon, Bosnia nase Syria, umntu uveza uluhlu lwezinto ezibandakanya ukufana nokukhuthaza abantu baseMelika ukuba bajoyine umkhosi. Ngaba iinjongo ezifanelekileyo - ukoyikeka ngenxa yokubandezeleka nokungabikho kokusesikweni, iminqweno yeenjongo ezintle, ukonwaba, ubuhlobo, okanye ukuhlawulwa - kuthethelela ukubulala? Akunjalongo noko. Kodwa iinjongo ezifanelekileyo kunye neemfuno eziqondakalayo kufuneka zixatyiswe kwaye zivuselelwe ngokutsha.
Abo banobundlobongela bahlala bephethe izikhalazo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezizathu ezikhuthazayo ezabelwana ngabaninzi abanokuthula. Ukuba sinokusebenza ngokubambisana namaqela angenabo ubudlova ukulungisa izikhalazo ezisemthethweni, umoya uya kuthathwa kwinqanawa yalabo abakholelwa kuphela ubundlobongela bangenza ubulungisa. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba ububhankqalazi be-US, bubekwe kwisiseko esikhulu se-anti-Americanism, ukuvakalelwa kwabantu abaninzi abanokuqiqa, abanokuthula, sinokulungisa ukuphosakela nokuphelisa ubundlobongela kwinkqubo.
Ukuba sigxininisa kuphela kwiyona nto intshaba, kwinqanaba le-iceberg, siya kusabela ngamandla amakhulu kwaye siphumelele ingcambu yobundlobongela. Kodwa ukuba sijongene nobudlova phakathi komfanekiso obanzi we-iceberg yonke, ukuba siphulaphule imbono yamalungu ayo obundlobongela noxolo kunye nezizathu ezikhuthazayo nezimbi, impendulo yethu iya kuba yinkqubela kwaye iyintliziyo.
UKristin Y. Christman ungumlobi we I-Taxonomy yoxolo: Ukwahlula ngokubanzi kwemiSebenzi kunye ne-Escalators of Violence kunye ne-650 Solutions for Peace, Iprojekthi eyenziwe ngokuzimeleyo iqalile ngoSeptemba we-9/11 kwaye ibekwe kwi-Intanethi. Ungumama ofundela emakhaya onezidanga ezivela kwiKholeji yaseDartmouth, iYunivesithi yaseBrown, kunye neDyunivesithi yaseAlbany kulawulo lwaseRussia noluntu. http://sites.google.com/site/paradigmforpeace
