NguNeve Gordon kunye noNicola Perugini, Al Jazeera
Ewe, alukho usuku oluye lwadlula kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo ngaphandle koluhlu lwamaphephandaba akhankanya amakhaka abantu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zobundlobongela: Fom Syria, apho abalweli be-ISIL babalekele eManbij ngeenqwelo-moya ngokucacileyo. usebenzisa amakhaka abantu; ngeKashmir, apho “umkhosi namapolisa asebenzisa abantu njengamakhaka abantu xa elwa nabavukeli”; ukuya eUkraine, apho abahluli be-pro-Russian batyholwa yokusebenzisa abakhi-mkhanyo bamazwe ngamazwe njengezikhuselo.
Ngaphezu koko, ibinzana elithi izihlangu zomntu alisetyenziswanga kuphela ukuchaza ukusetyenziswa kwabemi phakathi kwemfazwe, kodwa ukubonisa abemi kuqhanqalazo, ukusuka. Ferguson eUnited States, ukuba Zimbabwe kwaye Yuthophiya.
Asingomazwe akhululekileyo edemokhrasi kuphela alumkisa ihlabathi ngokusetyenziswa okwandayo kwamakhaka abantu; kunokuba oorhulumente abangoozwilakhe ngokunjalo nemibutho eyahlukeneyo yasekhaya neyamazwe ngamazwe eentlobo ngeentlobo, ukusuka kuMnqamlezo oBomvu kunye neeNGO zamalungelo oluntu ukuya kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo, zibizela eli gama.
Kwingxelo yamva nje eyimfihlo ye-UN, abavukeli baseHouthi babetyholwa ngokufihla "abalwi kunye nezixhobo ngaphakathi okanye kufutshane nabantu ... ngenjongo yokuphepha ukuhlaselwa."
Ukuvumela ukubulala
Nangona iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokukhusela abantu mhlawumbi ziye zaqondwa kwaye zahlanganiswa ukususela ekuyilweni kwemfazwe, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwe-quotidian yinto yenoveli ngokupheleleyo. Kutheni, omnye unokubuza, ukuba eli gama ngokukhawuleza liye laxhaphaka kangaka?
Xa sithetha ngokomthetho, amakhaka abantu abhekisa kukusetyenziswa kwabemi njengezixhobo ezikhuselayo ukuze abalweli okanye iindawo zomkhosi zingahlaselwa. Ingcinga engemva kweli gama yeyokuba, abemi, abakhuselweyo phantsi komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, akufuneki baxhatshazwe ukuze bafumane inzuzo emkhosini.
Ngelixa uninzi lwabantu ngokungathandabuzekiyo luya kuqhelana nale nkcazo, into engaziwayo yinto yokuba umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe awuthinteli kuphela ukusetyenziswa kweekhaka zabantu kodwa unika ukuba kube yinto esemthethweni ukuba imikhosi ihlasele iindawo "ezikhuselweyo" ngamakhaka abantu.
Umkhosi womoya wase-US, umzekelo, igcina loo nto "Iithagethi ezisemthethweni ezikhuselweyo ngabahlali abakhuselweyo zinokuhlaselwa, kwaye abantu abakhuselweyo banokuthathwa njengomonakalo owenzelwa isibambiso, ngaphandle kokuba umonakalo owenziweyo awugqithisi kakhulu xa uthelekisa nekhonkrithi kunye nenzuzo ngqo yasemkhosini elindelwe luhlaselo."
Ngokuhambelana nemigca efanayo, uxwebhu luka-2013 olumalunga nokujoliswa okuhlangeneyo olupapashwe yi-US Joint Chiefs of Staff lugxininisa ukubaluleka komgaqo wolungelelwaniso, likwaphawula ukuba, "kungenjalo iithagethi ezisemthethweni ezikhuselwe ngokungeyomfuneko kunye nabemi abakhuselweyo zinokuhlaselwa ... ngaphandle kokuba umonakalo owenziwe ngokubambisa ayigqithisi kakhulu xa ithelekiswa nekhonkrithi kunye nethuba elithe ngqo lomkhosi elilindelwe luhlaselo. " (PDF)
Kuthetha ukuthini konke oku, ngokulula, kukuba amakhaka abantu anokubulawa ngokusemthethweni ukuba nje ukusasazwa kobundlobongela kungaphuli umgaqo wokulingana-okufuna ukuba ii-belligerents ziyeke ukubangela umonakalo ongahambelaniyo nenzuzo yasemkhosini ekufuneka ifunyenwe.
Ngoku kubonakala ngathi amapolisa kwihlabathi liphela athatha imbono efanayo njengoko ejongene noqhanqalazo kunye noqhanqalazo.
Inkuthazo emva kokwamkelwa kwezi zikhokelo ngabadlali basekhaya nabamazwe ngamazwe icacile: Ivumela imikhosi yezokhuseleko ukuba inyenyise imithetho yothethathethwano, ngeli lixa iqulunqa abo babeka amakhaka njengawokuziphatha okubi kunye nokwaphula umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Ukhuselo lomthetho lwangaphambili
Ukwamkelwa kobuchule kunye nokuxhaphaka kwebinzana elithi izihlangu zomntu, kubonakala kucacile ukuba eli gama alisetyenziswanga nje kuphela njengenkcazo echazayo ukubonisa ukusetyenziswa kwabemi njengezixhobo, kodwa njengohlobo lokhuselo lwangaphambili olusemthethweni ngokuchasene nezityholo. ngokubabulala okanye ukubenzakalise.
Beka ngokwahlukileyo, ukuba nawuphi na umntu we-Fallujah's 50,000 abahlali babulawa ngexesha lokuhlaselwa kwe-ISIL, ngoko akusiyo imikhosi yokuhlasela exhaswa yi-US enetyala, kodwa kunokuba i-ISIL ngokwayo, esebenzisa ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokuziphatha okubi njengabemi njengezihlangu.
Ngaphezu koko, ngokunyuka kubonakala ukuba kwanele ukubanga - kwangaphambili - ukuba intshaba isebenzisa izihlangu zomntu ukwenzela ukuba kuqinisekiswe ukubulawa kwabantu abangabangeli.
Nangona ingenakukhanyelwa into yokuba imikhosi emininzi kunye namaqela axhobileyo angengorhulumente, eneneni, asebenzisa amakhaka abantu, iziphumo ezinokuthi zibe kho zesityholo zixhalabisa kakhulu.
Ngamanye amazwi, ngokubanga ukuba elinye icala lisebenzisa amakhaka abantu, umkhosi ohlaselayo uzibonelela ngokhuseleko olusemthethweni lwangaphambili.
Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iimpembelelo zolu qulunqo kunyanzelekile ukuba kuthathelwe ingqalelo iindawo zasezidolophini, njengoko uStephen Graham weYunivesithi yaseNewcastle. Yibeke, “ziye zaba ngabalawuli abakhanyisa ugonyamelo lwezobupolitika kwesi sijikelezi-langa sethu.”
Inyani yokuba imfazwe ngoku ibumba ubomi basezidolophini kwiindawo ezininzi kwihlabathi jikelele ithetha ukuba abantu bahlala kwaye baya kuqhubeka behlala phambili kwimilo emininzi.
Oku kubashiya besesichengeni sokuqulunqwa njengamakhaka abantu, kuba bekuya kwanela ukutsho kwangaphambili ukuba abahlali besixeko bangamakhaka okufa kwabo ukuba kube semthethweni kwaye kuthetheleleka.
Ngokwemeko enje, ukhuselo lomthetho lwangaphambili lunokuthi lusetyenziswe njengenxalenye yenkqubo eyoyikisayo ejolise ekuqinisekiseni ukuba semthethweni kunye nokuqhelanisa ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi.
Eli nqaku lafunyanwa kuqala kwi-Al Jazeera: http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2016/08/human-shields-pretext-kill-civilians-160830102718866.html
