NguLucas Koerner, uDisemba 10, 2019
ukusuka Fair.org
Kwiminyaka yethu entsha yenkalipho imfazwe yomdibaniso, amajelo eendaba adlala indima yobugcisa obunobunkunkqele bokulinganisa ngaphakathi kumkhosi wamandla wama imperiya waseNtshona. Imihla ngemihla kunye nokuphuma, "iindawo eziphindaphindayo" ezikhoyo zivelisa iibhombu ezinenkqubela phambili kunye / okanye oorhulumente abachasene nama impressist kwiGlobal South ngezalvos ezingapheliyo zezimvo kunye nokuxelwa kwenkululeko. FAIR.org, 5/23/18, 8/23/18, 4/11/19, 7/25/19).
Iziphumo ezongezelekayo kukunikezela amandla kuye nawuphi na urhulumente ongathobelanga umthetho waseNtshona, ukucacisa ubuqhetseba, isohlwayo sokubulala, iimfazwe zommeli kunye nokuhlasela okugcweleyo. I-d'etat yakutshanje exhaswa yi-US e-Bolt d'etat e-Bolivia sisifundo semeko yokufunda. Ekukhokeleni kuka-Evo Morales emkhosini, amajelo eendaba aseNtshona aphembelela umongameli wedemokrasi ngesiqinisekiso, nangona ephumelele unyulo kwakhona ngomda omkhulu (FAIR.org, 11/5/19).
Kodwa iindawo ezihlangeneyo azikhe zibe zodwa ekuhlaseleni iMorales. Imithombo yeendaba eqhubayo kunye neyezinye iindlela kwi-Global North kudala ichaza urhulumente wase-Bolivia osusayo i-Movement Towards Socialism (MAS) njengogxibha, ongxowankulu ongunobangela kunye nemeko-yokulwa okusingqongileyo-konke oko kusenziwa ngegama "elishiyiweyo". Nokuba yeyiphi na injongo echaziweyo, isiphumo sisonke yayikukuwenza buthathaka inkcaso yobugqwirha-gingxi kwi-Western empire.
Ukujikeleza ekujikelezeni ikhonkco
Ukuvuka kwesigqibo sikaNovemba 10, iintatheli ezihlangeneyo zidlale indima yazo ekukhanyiseni igesi eluntwini, ziveza ukubekwa kwezinto ezibonisa intsingiselo njenge "inguqu yedemokhrasi" (FAIR.org, 11/11/19, 11/15/19).
Okothusayo ngokwenene, yayimpendulo yamajelo eendaba aseNtshona aqhubela phambili, umntu awayenokulindela ukuba angayichaseli inyanzeliso kunye nokufuna ukubuyiselwa kwangoko kwe-Evo Morales.
Inani elothusayo alizange.
Kwindlela yasemva kokugxothwa kukaMorales, Ukuya kwinkululeko (11/11/19, 11/15/19, 11/16/19) upapashe iimbono zabaphengululi abaninzi baseBolivia kunye nabaseLatin American abadlala phantsi ubunyani bento yokuqokelela kunye nokuzoba ukuthelekiswa kwamanga phakathi korhulumente waseMorales kunye nelungelo le-fascist. Amanye amanqaku athunyelwe kwiintsuku zangaphambi kokuba atyhola urhulumente ngobuqhetseba, esithi makwenziwe isisombululo.Ukuya kwinkululeko, 11/8/19, 11/10/19). Indawo esekwe eVermont, nge Imbali yomtshato Kwintshukumo engabanjiswanga, unqabile ukupapasha naziphi na ezinye iindawo zeBolivia ngokujonga ngokungahambelani nokuqulunqa.
Ezinye iivenkile zokuqhubela phambili zichonge ngokuchanekileyo ukubhukuqwa kukaMorales njengento edibanisayo, kodwa saziva sinyanzelekile ukuba sithandabuze ukuqinisekiswa kweenkokeli zomthonyama ngokwentando yesininzi ngenxa “yempambano.
Ngelixa egxeka ukuqhankqalaza kwaye ukurhoxisa ngokufanelekileyo izityholo zobuqhetseba zonyulo ezingenasiseko, ibhodi yokuhlela ye Ingxelo ye-NACLA kumazwe aseMelika (11/13/19) Nangona kunjalo bayarhoxa ekuvakaliseni ubumbano kunye neMorales kunye neqela le-MAS. Endaweni yoko, le ncwadi yapapasha i-MAS yasebenza "kukhukuliseko olucothayo lwezinto ezinqwenelekayo" kunye nokusilela ukuguqula inkqubo yezopolitiko. I-NACLAUkulahla le coup kwakuyeyona nto ibuthusa kakhulu, icacisa "indima kaMAS kunye nembali yokungaziphathi kakuhle kwezopolitiko," phambi kokuchaza ukuba "isakhelo esingachazwanga sokutshintsha ilungelo, indima yemikhosi ye-oligarchic kunye nabalingisi bangaphandle, nendima yokugqibela yokulamla Ngasemkhosini, sicebisa ukuba sibone ubungqina bokuba siyaphinda.
Inqaku elilandelayo elipapashwe ngu I-NACLA (10/15/19) bakhetha ukuxoxa ukuba ngaba ukugxothwa emkhosini kukaMorales kwenza isivumelwano, besilela ukuqaphela ubungqina bezityholo zobuqhetseba be-OAS kwaye bathi ilungelo lobundlobongela “lobuhlanga” " yenza ibango elingaqondakaliyo lokuba ukuvavanya ukuba ukukhutshwa kukaMorales akulunganga kwintando yesininzi “kwakunzima.”
Ngeli xesha, a Ibhloko yeVerso udliwanondlebe (11/15/19) kunye noForrest Hylton noJeffrey Webber abakhange babeke myalelo wokuba idemokhrasi ihlonitshwe, endaweni yoko bekhuthaza abashiyeneyo ukuba "banyanzelise ilungelo labaseBolivia ukuba bazimisele" ngaphandle kokungavumi 'ukugxeka iMorales. "
Kude kubathengisi, ezi zikhundla zohlelo zihleli kakhulu kwisifundo sokuqhubekeka nokusasazwa kweendaba zeBolivia kwezi nyanga zinyaka zidlulileyo.
Ukwenziwa kombulali ococidal
Ekukhokeleni kunyulo luka-Okthobha lwe-20, iindawo ezininzi ezithengwayo zatsala okanye zaqinisa ukufana okungamanga phakathi kweMorales kunye noMongameli waseBrazil ongowaseburhulumenteni waseJapan uJair Bolsonaro ekuphenduleni imililo yehlathi elishisayo kuzo zombini izizwe.
Ngaphandle kokugatya ukufana, I-NACLA (8/30/19) nangona kunjalo bagxeka imigaqo-nkqubo yabo bobabini "oorhulumente bamazwe angaphandle" ngokutshabalalisa intshabalalo eAmazon nangaphaya, ngelixa amazwe e-Global North enoxanduva lokukhupha "uxinzelelo" endaweni yokuhlawula amatyala abo emozulu eyabanjwa.
Abanye babengekho lula. Ukubhalela i-UK-based Imithombo yeendaba yeNovara (8/26/19), UClaire Wordley uthelekisa ngokucacileyo urhulumente wase-Morales neBolsonaro eBrazil, ebiza imigaqo-nkqubo ye-MAS "yonke into njengengamanyala kunye neyonakalisa njengoko oongxowankulu uMorales esithi uyamthiya." Ngokukhawuleza, ucacisa uJhanisse Vaca-Daza, Utshintsho lolawulo olusebenzayo lwaseNtshona, ukungcolisa urhulumente we-Morales ukuphatha imililo.
Isiqwenga ngaphakathi Thunti (9/26/19) uthathe inyambalala ye-hyperbolic kwindawo eziphakamileyo, efanisa iMorales neBolsonaro kwaye etyhola inkokheli yaseBolivia "ngokutshutshiswa". "U-Evo Morales udlale oluhlaza ixesha elide, kodwa urhulumente wakhe ubalasele kakhulu ... njengeBolsonaro eBrazil," wabhala uManuelela uqhubeka nokubiza "iBoliviaans" engabizanga igama athi umongameli wendabuko "ngumbulala wendalo." UPhicq akazange anikezele ngohlalutyo malunga nokusilela kwabasasazi baseNtshona ukutshintsha ubudlelwane beepolitiki bezoqoqosho be-impembelelo kuqoqosho lwamazwe e-South Africa kuqoqosho oluqhubayo.
I "crractivist" critique yaseMorales ayinto intsha, ibuyela kwisicwangciso sikarhulumente se2011 esiphikisayo sokwakha uhola wendlela nge-Isiboro eKhuselekileyo yeMveli yeMimandla kunye nePaki kaZwelonke (TIPNIS). Njengoko u-Federico Fuentes watsho apha Luhlaza sasekhohlo veki nganye (ishicilelwe ngaphakathi kwi I-NACLA, 5/21/14), isakhelo esikhulu esongamileyo sosulelo / impikiswano yokuphelisa ukunganyanzeleki yongquzulwano yasebenza ukufihla ubungakanani bezobupolitika noqoqosho be-impiriyalizim.
Ngelixa indlela enkulu ihambise inkcaso yangaphambi kwendabuko-eyayijolise ikakhulu kwindlela, endaweni yeprojekthi ye-se-ntlangano ephambili emva koqhanqalazo, i-Confederación de Pueblos Indígenas de Bolivia, yayiqhubeka ixhaswe yiWashington kwaye ixhaswa liphiko lasekunene laseSanta Cruz oligarchy.
Nangona inkxaso-mali ye-USAID yeConfederación ingaziwa esidlangalaleni, uninzi lweendawo ezithengisa inkqubela zithanda ukuyishiya ingxelo yazo (I-NACLA, 8/1/13, 8/21/17, 11/20/19; INDLELA, 11/3/14, 3/11/14; Ngale maxesha, 11/16/12; Imagazini yokujonga, 11/18/19). Xa kukhankanywa uphazamiso lwangaphandle, ivele njengenkcaso engafunekiyo evela kurhulumente waseMorales.
Kwimeko ekhethekileyo yokubonisa, INDLELA (11/3/14) ineenkcukacha, phakathi koluhlu lwayo lokuhlamba iimpahla “olugunyazisiweyo” MAS, “ukuthintela ukusebenza simahla kwe-NGO ezininzi ezithe zaxhasa kuqhanqalazo lwe-TIPNIS,” kodwa kuthintele nakuphi ukukhankanywa kwamaphiko angaphandle kunye nawasekhaya kwezo-NGO.
Oku kucocwa kobume bama imperiyare kunye nearhente ekugqibeleni ivumela iMorales ukuba ibe krwada njengendoda eyomeleleyo enabantu ezimbini "enika amahlwempu kodwa ithathe indalo esingqongileyo" (Ngale maxesha, 8/27/15).
Umanyano?
Isikrokro "sokugxila" esenziwa zizinto ezininzi eziqhubela phambili ukubonakalisa ugculelo lwe-MAS ngokusilela ukufezekisa intetho yalo yobusoshiyali.
Ukubhala Jacobin (1/12/14; bona 10/29/15), UJeffrey Webber watyhola i-MAS ngokuqhuba “ilizwe elinoxinzelelo,” obunyani bayo “obuchazwe ziziphatho ezincinci bugalelekile kwigazi lokukhupha.” Ngaphantsi kolu hlengahlengiso, "ilizwe" elinempindezelo kwaye iyanyanzela ... inkcaso ... kwaye yakha izixhobo ezihambelana nayo zokuzikhusela kwiilwimi ezininzi. "
Ingxoxo ende kaWebber yokuba ifa likaRhulumente waseBolivia "i-neoliberalism ephinde yenziwa"Icelwe umngeni ngabagxeki, indawo kwindawo eguqukayo yemikhosi yeklasi phantsi kweMorales.
Ukukhangela ubunyani bokwenyani kwamabango kaWebber, kuyangathi akaniki sithuba sokujonga indima edlalwa liPhondo laseburhulumenteni ukukhulisa imodeli ye-Bolivia eyongezelelweyo kunye nokunyanzela ukubakho kokudlula.
Endaweni yoko, ukugxilwa kuhlala kukwi-arhente yotyhidiweyo kaMAS "egameni longxowankulu," kwaye kunqabileke kwimpembelelo yokungafezeki kwabantu baseNtshona, engazange ivele njengenguqu ezimeleyo ekucaciseni ukusilela kohlaziyo lwe-Global South.
Iziphumo zezopolitiko zohlalutyo olusecaleni linye kukulinganisa ngokufanelekileyo i-neoliberal bendinethemba. "
Imigca elolo hlobo inokuza isimanga kubafundi baso Jacobin, ichasene nomsindo ngokuchaseneyo (umzekelo, 11/14/19, 11/18/19, 12/3/19), obugqwetha bobugqwetha buye baphosa emoyeni kwanayiphi na ingcinga yokushiywa kwesobunxele / ngokuchanekileyo. Kodwa ngoku, umonakalo sele wenziwe.
Ukuthathwa kobuhlanga ngokuchasene ne-impiri
Yonke intetho yangoku ye Ukushiya ngokutsha kwesobunxele kwi-Global North, yinto eyindida ukuba iintshukumo ezichasene nama-impiriyitha zibuthathaka ngoku kunokuba zazinjalo kwimfazwe ye-Iraq 15 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo.
Alithandabuzeki elokuba ukungabikho kwenkcaso ethandwayo kumanyathelo ongenelelo aseNtshona, ukusuka eLibya naseSyria ukuya eHaiti naseHonduras, kuvule indlela yomdibaniso eBolivia kunye nokuchasana okuqhubekayo nxamnye neVenezuela.
Kuyinto engenakufane yenzeke into yokuba inkqubela phambili yemithombo yeendaba e-Western yaseburhulumenteni base-Morales kunye nabalingane bayo abashiya umda engingqini bengancedisi ukulungisa lo nto ingekhoyo. Esi simo sokuhlela siyakhathaza ngakumbi, kuba kukhuthazwe ukuthethelelwa kwehlabathi kukaMorales imo iyatshintsha kunye Inkululeko yase-Palestina.
Akukho nanye kwezi yokuprinta ukugxekwa kweMorales kunye ne-MAS. Ewe, kwimeko yeendawo ezinjengeBolivia kunye neVenezuela, umsebenzi wephephandaba lasekhohlo kukuvelisa uqoqosho olunzulu, uhlalutyo lwamazwe kunye nentshukumo edumileyo echasene nama impiriyali kuwo omabini nomxholo. Oko kukuthi, ukuphikisana okukhoyo kwinkqubo yezopolitiko (umz. Impikiswano ye-TIPNIS) kufuneka igqitywe ngaphakathi kwiparameter ye-capitalist world-system. Ngaphaya koko, iindawo ezihambela emaNtla eziqhubela phambili-akukhathalekanga nokuba zigxina kangakanani kurhulumente kunye nenkqubo yezopolitiko-kufuneka zithathe isikhundla esicacileyo sokukhusela oorhulumente boMhlaba waseNtshona ngokuchaseneyo nokungenelela kweNtshona.
Izikhundla eziqinileyo ezithatyathwe ngu UJeremy Corbyn kwaye UBernie Sanders ngokuchasene nokuqhambuka eBolivia luphawu olunethemba lokuphumelela kwezopolitiko. Umsebenzi weendaba eqhubela phambili kukuvelisa ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha obuqinisekileyo obunikezelwe ekuchaseni ubukhosi.
