NguC Liegh McInnis, World BEYOND War, NgoMeyi 5, 2023
Yaziswe ngoMeyi 4, 2023, iVietnam ukuya eUkraine: Izifundo ze-US Peace Movement Ukukhumbula iKent State kunye neJackson State! I-Webinar isingathwe yiKomiti ye-Green Party yokuSebenza ngoXolo; Uthungelwano lwaBantu lwePlanethi, ubulungisa noXolo; kunye neGreen Party yaseOhio
IYunivesithi yaseJackson State, njengoninzi lwe-HBCUs, ingumzekelo womzabalazo omnyama wokulwa nobukoloniyali. Ngelixa uninzi lwee-HBCUs zisekwe ngexesha okanye nje emva koKwakha kwakhona, zithe zwabha kwinkqubo yobukoloniyali yaseMelika yokwahlula kunye nokuxhasa ngemali abantu abamnyama kunye namaziko amnyama ukuze bangaze babe ngaphezu kwamasimi apho abacinezeli abamhlophe balawula ikharityhulamu yokulawula. isakhono sobukrelekrele kunye nenkqubela phambili yezoqoqosho yama-Afrika aseMelika. Omnye umzekelo woku kukuba, ukuya kutsho ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1970, ii-HBCU ezintathu zika-Mississippi zikawonke-wonke-i-Jackson State, i-Alcorn, kunye ne-Mississippi Valley-kwaye kwafuneka ifumane imvume kwiBhodi yeKholeji karhulumente ukuze imeme izithethi ekhampasini. Kwimiba emininzi, iJackson State yayingenalo ukuzimela kokwenza isigqibo ngesikhokelo sayo semfundo. Nangona kunjalo, enkosi kwiinkokheli ezinkulu kunye neenjingalwazi, ezifana nowayesakuba nguMongameli uGqirha John A. Peoples, imbongi kunye nombhali weencwadi uGqr Margaret Walker Alexander, kunye nabanye, uJackson State waba nako ukuphambuka kwi-Apartheid yezemfundo yaseMississippi kwaye waba ngomnye we-HBCUs ezilishumi elinanye kuphela ukuphumeza. Ubume boPhando lwesiBini. Ngapha koko, uJackson State ngowesibini uPhando oludala lwe-HBCU ezimbini. Ukongeza, i-Jackson State yayiyinxalenye yento abanye abayibiza ngokuba nguNxantathu wamaLungelo oLuntu njenge-JSU, i-COFO Building, kunye ne-ofisi ye-Medgar Evers njengentloko ye-NAACP ye-Mississippi zonke zazikwisitrato esinye, i-diagonal enye kwenye, isenza unxantathu. Ke, ngaphandle nje kwekhampasi yase-JSU, kukho iSakhiwo seCOFO, esasisebenza njengekomkhulu leNkululeko yeHlobo nesitsala abafundi abaninzi be-JSU njengamavolontiya. Kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, abafundi abaninzi be-JSU babeyinxalenye yesebe lolutsha le-NAACP kuba u-Evers waba negalelo ekubaququzeleleni kwi-Movement. Kodwa, njengoko unokucinga, oku akuzange kuhlale kakuhle kwisininzi seBhodi yeKholeji emhlophe okanye uninzi lwendlu yowiso-mthetho yamazwe amhlophe, nto leyo ikhokelele ekongezeni kokuthotywa kwenkxaso-mali kunye nokuxhatshazwa ngokubanzi kwabafundi nootishala okwafikelela kuvuthondaba ngodubulo ngo-1970 apho. i-Mississippi National Guard yarhangqa ikhampasi kunye ne-Mississippi Highway Patrol kunye neSebe lamaPolisa aseJackson bangena ekhampasini, bedubula imijikelo engaphaya kwamakhulu amane kwindawo yokulala yabasetyhini, benzakalisa ishumi elinesibhozo kwaye babulala ababini: uPhillip Lafayette Gibbs noJames Earl Green.
Ukuqhagamshela esi siganeko kwingxoxo yangokuhlwanje, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuba umbutho wabafundi baseJackson State uquka amagqala aseVietnam aliqela, anjengobawo, uClaude McInnis, owayebuyele ekhaya waza wabhalisa ekholejini, ezimisele ukwenza ilizwe libambelele kwinkolelo yalo yedemokhrasi. babesilwa ngempazamo kumazwe asemzini. Ngokufanayo, mna notata sanyanzelwa ukuba sikhethe phakathi kobungendawo obungaphantsi kobukoloniyali. Akazange abizelwe eVietnam. Ubawo wanyanzelwa ukuba aye emkhosini ngenxa yokuba umthunywa wenkundla omhlophe weza kwikhaya likatatomkhulu waza wanikela isigqibo esithi, “Ukuba laa nyana wakho li'l red nigger ikude kakhulu apha, uya kuzifumana eqhelene ngokwenene nomthi.” Ngaloo ndlela, utatomkhulu wafaka utata emkhosini kuba wayevakalelwa kukuba iVietnam ikhuselekile kuneMississippi kuba, eVietnam, unokuba nesixhobo sokuzikhusela. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini anesibini kamva, ndazifumana ndifanele ndingenelele uMkhosi weSizwe waseMississippi—kwaloo mkhosi wawunenxaxheba kwimbubhiso yaseJSU—kuba ndandingenayo enye indlela yokugqiba imfundo yam yasekholeji. Lo ngumfuziselo oqhubekayo wokuba abantu abamnyama bakhethe phakathi kobungendawo obuncinane kubini ukuze basinde. Ukanti, ubawo wandifundisa ukuba, ngaxa lithile, ubomi abunakuphelela nje ekukhetheni phakathi kobungendawo obuncinane kubini yaye ubani umele akulungele ukuncama yonke into ukuze adale ihlabathi apho abantu banokhetho lokwenene olunokukhokelela ekubeni ngabemi abapheleleyo. ibenza bakwazi ukuzalisekisa amandla obuntu babo. Yiloo nto awayenzayo ngokuseka iVet Club, eyayingumbutho weVet yaseVietnam eyayisebenza namanye amalungelo oluntu asekuhlaleni kunye nemibutho yamaNational Black Nationalist ukunceda ekukhululeni abantu baseAfrika kwingcinezelo yabamhlophe. Oku kuquka ukugada isitalato esinqumla kwikhampasi yaseJSU ukuqinisekisa ukuba abaqhubi beenqwelo-mafutha abamhlophe bayakuthobela isantya esimiselweyo kuba abafundi babehlala bexhatshazwa ngabo ngabafundi ababini ababegilwa ngabaqhubi beemoto abamhlophe kwaye akukho tyala laze labekwa. Kodwa, ndifuna ukucaca. Ngobusuku bangoMeyi 15, 1970, kwadutyulwa, akukho nto yenzekayo kwikhampasi eyayinokuqinisekisa ubukho bomthetho. Kwakungekho ndibano okanye naluphi na uhlobo lwesenzo sezobupolitika sabafundi. Ekuphela kodushe yayiludushe lomthetho wasekuhlaleni ngokuchasene nabafundi abamnyama abamsulwa. Olo kudubula yayiluhlaselo olungathintelwanga kwi-Jackson State njengophawu lwabantu abamnyama abasebenzisa imfundo ukuze babe ngabantu abazimeleyo. Kwaye ubukho bonyanzeliso lomthetho ngokungeyomfuneko kwikhampasi yaseJackson State abuhlukanga kubukho bemikhosi yasemkhosini engeyomfuneko eVietnam kunye naphina enye indawo imikhosi yethu iye yathunyelwa ukuseka okanye ukugcina ulawulo lobukoloniyali lwaseMelika.
Ukuqhubela phambili umsebenzi kabawo kunye namanye amagqala aseMississippi oMbutho wamaLungelo oLuntu, ndisebenze ngeendlela ezintathu ukukhanyisa le mbali, ukufundisa le mbali, kwaye ndisebenzise le mbali ukukhuthaza abanye ukuba basebenze ekuchaseni ingcinezelo kuzo zonke iindlela. Njengombhali onobuchule, ndipapashe imibongo kunye namabali amafutshane malunga nohlaselo luka-1970 kwi-JSU ngokuthotyelwa komthetho wendawo kunye nembali jikelele kunye nomzabalazo we-Jackson State. Njengombhali wezincoko, ndipapashe amanqaku angezizathu kunye neziphumo zohlaselo luka-1970 kwi-JSU kunye nomzabalazo oqhubekayo weziko ngokuchasene nemigaqo-nkqubo yokonga abamhlophe. Njengomfundisi-ntsapho e-JSU, enye yeengcebiso ngesizathu seklasi yam yokubhala iincwadi kunye nephepha lesiphumo yayikukuba "Yayiyintoni unobangela wohlaselo luka-1970 kwi-Jackson state?" Ke, uninzi lwabafundi bam baye baphanda kwaye babhale ngale mbali. Kwaye, ekugqibeleni, njengomfundisi-ntsapho, ndandikhuthele kwaye ndangqina ngexesha leengxoxo zomdibaniso we-Ayers Case apho ii-HBCU ezintathu zika-Mississippi zazimangalela urhulumente ngenxa yezenzo zakhe zenkxaso-mali ezinocalucalulo. Kuwo wonke umsebenzi wam, ngakumbi njengombhali wokudala, ixesha laseVietnam kunye ne-US Peace Movement indifundise izinto ezine. Omnye—ukuthi cwaka sisihlobo sobubi. Ezibini-ezopolitiko zasekhaya, zelizwe, kunye nezamazwe ngamazwe zisebenzisana ukuba azikho enye kwaye zifana, ngakumbi njengoko zihambelana neemfazwe zenkxaso-mali karhulumente ukuze kwandiswe ubukhosi bayo kunokuxhasa imfundo, impilo, kunye namanyathelo engqesho ukubonelela ngokulingana kubemi bayo. Isithathu-akukho ndlela yokuba urhulumente angabandakanya okanye enze izenzo ezingekho sikweni ekhaya okanye phesheya kwaye athathwe njengequmrhu elinobulungisa. Kwaye, ezine-kuphela xa abantu bekhumbula ukuba bangurhulumente kwaye amagosa anyuliweyo asebenzela bona siya kukwazi ukunyula abameli kunye nokuseka imigaqo-nkqubo ekhuthaza uxolo kunokuba ikoloniyalizim. Ndisebenzisa ezi zifundo njengesikhokelo sokubhala nokufundisa kwam ukuqinisekisa ukuba umsebenzi wam unokubonelela ngolwazi kunye nenkuthazo kwabanye ukunceda ukwakha ihlabathi elinoxolo nemveliso. Kwaye, ndiyabulela ngokuba nam.
UMcInnis yimbongi, umbhali wamabali amafutshane, kunye nomqeqeshi wesiNgesi odla umhlala-phantsi kwiYunivesithi yaseJackson State, owayengumhleli/umpapashi weBlack Magnolias Literary Journal, kunye nombhali weencwadi ezisibhozo, kubandakanywa ingqokelela ezine zemibongo, ingqokelela enye yeentsomi ezimfutshane (Izikripthi). : Imizobo kunye neeNtsomi zase-Urban Mississippi), umsebenzi omnye wokugxekwa koncwadi (Iingoma zeNkosana: Uncwadi oluJonga kuYilo, imbongi yoMculo, iSofilosofi, kunye noMbali wamaBali), umsebenzi omnye obambiseneyo, uMzalwana uHollis: ISankofa yeNtshukumo. Indoda, exoxa ngobomi bomfanekiso wamaLungelo oLuntu waseMississippi, kunye nowayesakuba yimbaleki yokuQala ye-Amiri Baraka/Sonia Sanchez yeBhaso leMibongo exhaswa yiNorth Carolina State A&T. Ukongeza, umsebenzi wakhe upapashiwe kwiijenali ezininzi kunye ne-anthologies, kubandakanya i-Obsidian, i-Tribes, i-Konch, i-Down to the Dark River, i-anthology yemibongo malunga noMlambo i-Mississippi, kunye ne-Black Hollywood i-Unchained, eyi-anthology yezincoko malunga nokubonakaliswa kweHollywood. AmaAfrika aseMelika.
