NguNicolas JS Davies, nge-12 kaOkthobha 2020
Abantu baseMelika bajongene nonyulo jikelele oluzayo, ubhubhane oluye lwabulala ngaphezulu kwama-200,000 kuthi, kunye namajelo eendaba eendaba adibanayo nemodeli yeshishini labo ekuthengiseni iintlobo ezahlukeneyo “Umboniso weTrump”Kubathengisi babo. Ke ngubani onalo ixesha lokunikela ingqalelo emfazweni entsha kwisiqingatha sehlabathi? Kodwa kuninzi lwehlabathi elihlupheke iminyaka engama-20 Iimfazwe ezikhokelwa yi-US kunye neengxaki zezopolitiko, ezoluntu kunye neembacu, asinakukwazi ukuhoya ukuqhambuka kwemfazwe phakathi kweArmenia neAzerbaijan INagorno-Karabakh.
IArmenia neAzerbaijan balwa a imfazwe enegazi ngaphezulu kweNagorno-Karabakh ukusuka ngo-1988 ukuya kowe-1994, apho abantu abangama-30,000 1994 babulawa kwaye isigidi okanye nangaphezulu babaleka okanye bagxothwa kumakhaya abo. Ngo-XNUMX, imikhosi yaseArmenian yayihlasele iNagorno-Karabakh kunye nezithili ezisixhenxe eziyingqongileyo, zonke zaziwa kwilizwe liphela njengeenxalenye zeAzerbaijan. Kodwa ngoku imfazwe iphinde yagqabhuka, amakhulu abantu sele ebulewe, kwaye omabini amacala ehlasela abantu ekujoliswe kubo kwaye egrogrisa abanye abantu.
INagorno-Karabakh ibingummandla waseArmenia ngobuhlanga kangangeenkulungwane. Emva kokuba uBukhosi basePersi bunikezele le nxalenye yeCaucasus eRashiya kwiSivumelwano saseGulistan ngo-1813, ubalo lwabantu bokuqala kwiminyaka elishumi kamva lwachaza inani labantu baseNagorno-Karabakh njengama-91% aseArmenian. Isigqibo se-USSR sokubeka i-Nagorno-Karabakh kwi-SSR yaseAzerbaijan ngo-1923, njengesigqibo sayo sokunikezela iCrimea kwi-SSR yaseUkraine ngo-1954, yayisisigqibo sezolawulo esathi iziphumo zaso ezinobungozi zacaca kuphela xa i-USSR yaqala ukwahlukana ngeminyaka yoo-1980.
Ngo-1988, ephendula kuqhankqalazo oluninzi, ipalamente yase-Nagorno-Karabakh yavota ngo-110-17 ukucela ukuba isuswe kwi-SSR yaseAzerbaijan iye kwi-Armenian SSR, kodwa urhulumente waseSoviet wasikhaba eso sicelo kunye nobundlobongela phakathi kweentlanga. Ngo-1991, iNagorno-Karabakh kunye nommandla waseShahumian ongummelwane waseArmenian, babamba ireferendamu yenkululeko babhengeza inkululeko kwiAzerbaijan njenge IRiphabhlikhi yaseArtakhakh, igama layo eliyimbali yaseArmenian. Ukuphela kwemfazwe ngo-1994, iNagorno-Karabakh kunye nommandla omkhulu owawungqongileyo zazisezandleni zeArmenian, kwaye amakhulu amawaka eembacu abaleka macala omabini.
Kubekho ungquzulwano ukusukela ngo-1994, kodwa ungquzulwano olukhoyo ngoku yeyona inobungozi kwaye iyabulala. Ukusukela ngo-1992, thethwano loonozakuzaku lokusombulula ungquzulwano belukhokelwa nguIqela leMinsk, ”Eyenziwe nguMbutho weNtsebenziswano kunye noKhuseleko eYurophu (OSCE) kwaye ikhokelwa yi-United States, iRussia neFrance. Ngo-2007, iqela laseMinsk lahlangana namagosa aseArmenia naseAzerbaijan eMadrid laza lacebisa inkqubo-sikhokelo yesisombululo sezopolitiko, esaziwa njenge Imigaqo yaseMadrid.
Imigaqo yaseMadrid izakubuya ezintlanu kwizithili ezilishumi elinambini ze UShahumyan Iphondo eliya eAzerbaijan, ngelixa izithili ezintlanu zaseNaborno-Karabakh kunye nezithili ezibini eziphakathi kweNagorno-Karabakh neArmenia bezokuvota kwi-referendum ukuze bathathe isigqibo ngekamva labo, la maqela mabini azibophezele ekwamkeleni iziphumo. Zonke iimbacu zinelungelo lokubuyela kumakhaya azo amadala.
Okumangalisayo kukuba, omnye wabachasi abachasayo kakhulu kwimigaqo yaseMadrid yile IKomiti yeSizwe yaseArmenia yaseMelika (ANCA), iqela le-lobby ye-Armenian diaspora e-United States. Ixhasa amabango eArmenian kuwo wonke umhlaba ophikisanayo kwaye ayiyithembi iAzerbaijan ukuba ihloniphe iziphumo zereferendamu. Ikwafuna ukuba urhulumente we-de facto weRiphabhlikhi yase-Artsakh avunyelwe ukuba ajoyine uthethathethwano lwamazwe aphesheya ngekamva lakhe, umbono olungileyo lowo.
Kwelinye icala, urhulumente wase-Azerbaijani kaMongameli u-Ilham Aliyev ngoku uxhaswe ngokupheleleyo yiTurkey ngemfuno yayo yokuba yonke imikhosi yaseArmenian kufuneka ichithe izixhobo okanye irhoxe kwingingqi ephikisanayo, neyamkelwa kwilizwe jikelele njengenxalenye yeAzerbaijan. I-Turkey kuthiwa ihlawula amajoni e-jihadi avela eTurkey ahlala eSyria ukuba ayokulwela iAzerbaijan, ephakamisa ukugqwesa kwabangqwabalala baseSunni ababhebhethekisa ungquzulwano phakathi kwama-Armenia angamaKristu kwaye uninzi lwamaShiite Muslim Azeris.
Ngobuso bayo, ngaphandle kwezi zikhundla zingumqolo, le mpikiswano inogonyamelo kufanele ukuba isonjululwe ngokwahlula imimandla ephikisanayo phakathi kwala macala mabini, njengoko iMithetho yaseMadrid izamile ukuyenza. Iintlanganiso eGeneva ngoku naseMoscow zibonakala ngathi ziqhubela phambili ekuphelisweni komlilo kunye nasekuhlaziyweni kwezopolitiko. NgoLwesihlanu we-9 ka-Okthobha, bobabini bayaphikisana abaphathiswa bamanye amazwe badibana okokuqala eMoscow, kwintlanganiso eyayiphethwe ngu-Mphathiswa Wezangaphandle wase-Russia u-Sergei Lavrov, kwaye ngoMgqibelo bavumelana ngesivumelwano sexeshana sokuphinda babuyise imizimba kwaye batshintshe amabanjwa.
Owona mngcipheko mkhulu kukuba i-Turkey, i-Russia, i-US okanye i-Iran kufuneka ibone izibonelelo ezithile ze-geopolotiki ekukhuleni okanye ekubandakanyeni ngakumbi kolu ngquzulwano. IAzerbaijan iphehlelele imeko yayo yangoku ngokuxhaswa nguMongameli wase-Turkey u-Erdogan, obonakala ngathi uyayisebenzisa ukubonisa amandla ahlaziyiweyo eTurkey kulo mmandla kunye nokomeleza indawo yayo kwiingxabano nakwiimpikiswano zase-Syria, eLibya, eCyprus, ekuhlolweni kweoyile kwi-Mpuma yeMeditera kunye ummandla ngokubanzi. Ukuba kunjalo, kufuneka iqhubeke ixesha elingakanani ngaphambi kokuba u-Erdogan enze inqaku lakhe, kwaye iTurkey ingalawula ubundlobongela obuqhubayo, njengoko iye yasilela kabuhlungu ukuyenza eSiriya?
I-Russia ne-Iran akukho nto banokuyizuza nayo yonke into eza kuphulukana nayo kwimfazwe eqhubeka phakathi kweArmenia neAzerbaijan, kwaye bobabini bafuna uxolo. Inkulumbuso yaseArmenia Nikol Pashinyan Uza kulawula emva kwe-2018 yaseArmenia “Ukuvuselela uVelvet”Kwaye ulandele umgaqo-nkqubo wokungahambelani phakathi kweRussia neNtshona, nangona iArmenia iyinxalenye yeRussia I-CSTO umanyano lomkhosi. IRashiya izinikele ekukhuseleni iArmenia ukuba ihlaselwe yiAzerbaijan okanye iTurkey, kodwa ikubeka kwacaca ukuba ukuzibophelela akufikeleli eNagorno-Karabakh. I-Iran ikwalungelelaniswe ngokusondeleyo neArmenia kuneAzerbaijan, kodwa ngoku inkulu Inani labantu baseAzeri uthathe ezitalatweni ukuxhasa iAzerbaijan kunye nokuqhankqalaza urhulumente wabo eArmenia.
Ngokuphathelele kwindima eyonakalisayo neyonakalisayo i-United States edlalela ukudlala kwi-Middle East enkulu, amaMelika kufuneka alumkele nayiphi na imizamo yase-US yokuxhaphaza le mpikiswano ngokuzimela kwe-US. Oko kunokubandakanya ukuxhokonxa ungquzulwano lokujongela phantsi ukuzithemba kweArmenia kumanyano lwayo neRussia, ukuzoba iArmenia kulungelelwaniso oluseNtshona, ulungelelwaniso lwe-NATO. Okanye i-US ingandisa kwaye ixhaphaze izidubedube kwindawo yase-Iran yeAzeri njengenxalenye yayouxinzelelo oluphezulu”Iphulo lokulwa i-Iran.
Ngalo naluphi na uluvo lokuba i-US ixhaphaza okanye icwangcise ukusebenzisa olu ngquzulwano ngeenjongo zalo, amaMelika kufuneka akhumbule abantu baseArmenia naseAzerbaijan ubomi babo ilahlekile okanye itshatyalalisiwe Yonke imihla le mfazwe iqhubeka ngayo, kwaye kufuneka igwebe kwaye ichase nayiphi na inzame yokwandisa okanye yokuqaqambisa iintlungu kunye nokubandezeleka kwabo ngenxa yokufumana inzuzo kwezopolitiko e-US.
Endaweni yoko i-US kufuneka isebenzisane ngokupheleleyo namaqabane ayo kwiQela le-Minsk le-OSCE ukuxhasa ukupheliswa komlilo kunye noxolo oluhlala luhleli kunye nozinzo oluhlonipha amalungelo abantu kunye nokuzimisela kwabo bonke abantu baseArmenia naseAzerbaijan.
UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimeleyo, umphandi weCODEPINK kunye nombhali Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukumenywa kweMelika kunye nokubhujiswa kweIraq.
