NguDavid Swanson, Telesur
Le ka-Agasti ye-6th kunye ne-9th yezigidi zabantu ziya kuphawula isikhumbuzo se70th yenyikima yenyikima ye-Hiroshima ne-Nagasaki kwezo zixeko nakwi iziganeko kumhlaba jikelele. Abanye baya kubhiyozela isivumelwano esenziwe ngexesha apho i-Iran ibingazibopheleli ekuziqhubeleni phambili ngokwenza izixhobo zenyukliya, kunye nokuthobela isivumelwano esinganyanzelisiyo (i-NPT) kunye neemfuno ezingabekwanga naluphi na olunye ilizwe.
Ukanti, ezo ntlanga zinezixhobo zenyukliya mhlawumbi zaphula i-NPT ngokungaphumli kwiimfazwe okanye ngokwakha ngaphezulu (i-US, i-Russia, i-UK, i-France, i-China, i-India), okanye ziye zavuma ukusayina isivumelwano (i-Israel, Pakistan, North Korea ). Ngeli xesha amazwe amatsha afumana amandla enyukliya nangona enentabalala yeoyile kunye / okanye ezinye zeemeko ezilungileyo zamandla elanga emhlabeni (Saudi Arabia, Jordan, UAE).
Imijukujelwa yenyukliya equlathe ngaphezu kwawo onke amandla ebhombu kwiMfazwe yesibini (II) yeBhombu kwibhombu enye ijolise kumawaka aseRussia evela eUnited States nakwelinye ilizwe. Ukuhlanya okungamashumi amathathu anesibini kumongameli wase-US okanye wase-Russia kungabususa bonke ubomi emhlabeni. Kwaye iUnited States idlala imidlalo yemfazwe kumda weRussia. Ukwamkelwa kobu buhlanya njengesiqhelo kunye nesiqhelo yinxalenye yokuqhubeka kokuqhushumba kwezi bhombu zimbini, kwaqala kwiminyaka engama-70 eyadlulayo kwaye kunqabile ukuba kuqondwe kakuhle.
Ukuphoswa kwezo bhombu kunye nesoyikiso esichazayo ukusukela oko ukulahla okungakumbi lulwaphulo-mthetho olutsha olunike uhlobo olutsha lwe-impiriyalizim. I-United States ingenelele ngaphakathi ngaphezulu kwe-70 izizwe Ngaphezulu konyaka omnye-ukusukela ngeMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, kwaye ngoku isangqa esipheleleyo sokulwa kwakhona eJapan.
The imbali yemfazwe yaseMelika yokuqala yaseJapan iziswe nguJames Bradley. Kwi-1853 i-US Navy yanyanzela iJapan ukuba ivulele abathengisi baseMelika, abathunywa bevangeli kunye nomkhosi. Kwi-1872 umkhosi wase-US waqala ngokuqeqesha amaJapan ngendlela yokoyisa ezinye izizwe, ngamehlo eTaiwan.
UCharles LeGendre, uqeqesho jikelele lwaseMelika kumaJapan ngeendlela zemfazwe, wacebisa ukuba bamkele iMfundiso yeMonroe yaseAsia, ngumgaqo-nkqubo olawula iAsia ngendlela i-United States eyayilawula ngayo ubume bayo. Ngo-1873, i-Japan yahlasela i-Taiwan kunye nabacebisi bezomkhosi base-US kunye nezixhobo. Kwalandela iKorea, yalandelwa yiChina ngo-1894. Ngo-1904, uMongameli wase-United States uTheodore Roosevelt wakhuthaza iJapan ukuba ihlasele iRashiya. Kodwa waphula isithembiso eJapan ngokwala ukuya esidlangalaleni ngenkxaso yakhe yeMonroe Doctrine, kwaye waxhasa ukwala kweRussia ukuhlawula iJapan imali emva kwemfazwe. Ubukhosi baseJapan babonwa njengomntu okhuphisana naye kunokuba ngummeli, kwaye umkhosi wase-US wachitha amashumi eminyaka ecwangcisa imfazwe neJapan.
UHarry Truman, owayeyalela ukuba kuqhushumbe iibhombu zenyukliya ngo-1945, wathetha kwiNdlu yeeNgwevu yase-US ngoJuni 23, 1941 wathi: "Ukuba siyabona ukuba iJamani iyaphumelela," watsho, "kufanele ukuba siyayinceda iRussia, kwaye ukuba iRussia iyaphumelela kufuneka ukunceda iJamani, kwaye ngaloo ndlela mababulale abaninzi kangangoko. ” Ngaba uTruman wayebuxabisile ubomi baseJapan ngaphezulu kweRussia neJamani? Akukho nto naphina ebonisa ukuba uyenzile. I-US Army poll ngo-1943 yafumanisa ukuba phantse isiqingatha sawo onke ama-GIs akholelwa ukuba kuya kuba yimfuneko ukubulala wonke umntu waseJapan emhlabeni. UWilliam Halsey, owayalela umkhosi wase-US kumazantsi ePasifiki, wafunga ukuba xa imfazwe iphelile, ulwimi lwaseJapan luya kuthethwa kuphela esihogweni.
NgoAgasti 6, 1945, uMongameli uTruman wathi: “Kwiiyure ezili-XNUMX ezidlulileyo inqwelo-moya yaseMerika yawisa ibhombu enye eHiroshima, umkhosi wamajoni obalulekileyo waseJapan.” Ewe yayisisixeko, hayi isiseko somkhosi konke konke. "Sifumene ibhombu siyisebenzisile," utshilo uTruman. "Siye sayisebenzisa ngokuchasene nabo basihlasele ngaphandle kwesilumkiso ePearl Harbour, nakwabo balambileyo nababethayo babulala amabanjwa aseMelika emfazweni, kunye nabo bashiye konke ukuzenza ngathi bathobela umthetho wamazwe aphela womlo." UTruman akazange athethe nto ngokungathandabuzi okanye ngexabiso eliyimfuneko lokuphelisa imfazwe.
Ngapha koko, iJapan ibizama ukunikezela iinyanga, kubandakanya nentambo yayo ye-13 kaJulayi eyayithunyelwe kuStalin, owayifundela uTruman. I-Japan yayifuna kuphela ukugcina umlawuli wayo, ngokwendlela i-United States eyala ngayo de kwasemva kweebhombu zenyukliya. Umcebisi kaTruman uJames Byrnes wayefuna ukuba iibhombu ziyeke ukuphelisa imfazwe ngaphambi kokuba iSoviet Union ihlasele iJapan. Ngapha koko, iiSoviet zahlasela amaJapan eManchuria kwangolo suku lunye ngebhombu yaseNagasaki kwaye yaboyisa. I-US kunye neeSoviet zaqhubeka nemfazwe eJapan iiveki emva kweNagasaki. Emva koko amaJapan anikezela.
Uphando lwaseMelika lokuQhushumisa ngeBhombu luqukumbele ngelithi, “… ngokuqinisekileyo phambi komhla wama-31 kweyoMnga, ngo-1945, nakuzo zonke izinto ezazinokwenzeka phambi komhla woku-1 kuNovemba, 1945, iJapan ngeyayezinikezele nokuba iibhombu zeatom zazingazange ziphoswe, nokuba iRashiya yayingazange imfazwe, nokuba akukho luhlaselo belucetywayo okanye lwalucetywayo. ” Omnye umchasi weebhombu zenyukliya owaye wavakalisa umbono ofanayo kuNobhala Wezomkhosi ngaphambi kokuba kuqhushumbe ibhombu yayingu-General Dwight Eisenhower. Usihlalo we-Joint Chiefs of Staff Admiral uWilliam D. Leahy uvumile: “Ukusetyenziswa kwesi sixhobo sibukhali eHiroshima naseNagasaki akuncedi nganto kwimfazwe yethu neJapan. AmaJapan sele oyisiwe kwaye akulungele ukunikezela. ”
Imfazwe yayingekapheli. Ubukhosi obutsha baseMelika bamiselwa. "Ukuvukelwa kwemfazwe… kuya kuba ngumqobo ongenakuphikiswa kuthi," utshilo u-CEO u-General Electric u-Charles Wilson ngo-1944. ezoqoqosho. ” Benza ke. Nangona uhlaselo lwalukho akukho nto intsha emkhosini wase-US, bona ngoku uyeza kwinqanaba elitsha elitsha. Kwaye isoyikiso esihlala sikho ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zenyukliye ibe yinxalenye ephambili kuyo.
UTruman woyikisela ukuba i-nuke i-China ngo-1950. Intsomi yavela, kwaye, inzondelelo ka-Eisenhower yokunyusa i-China ikhokelele kwisiphelo esikhawulezileyo semfazwe yase-Korea. Ukukholelwa kule ntsomi kukhokelele uMongameli uRichard Nixon, kumashumi eminyaka kamva, ukuba acinge ukuba angayiphelisa iMfazwe yaseVietnam ngokuzenza ngathi uphambene ngokwaneleyo ukuba asebenzise iibhombu zenyukliya. Okukhathaza ngakumbi, eneneni wayephambene ngokwaneleyo. “Ibhombu yenyukliya, iyakukhathaza? … Ndifuna ukuba ucinge kakhulu, Henry, ngoChristsakes, ”utshilo uNixon kuHenry Kissinger ekuxoxeni ngeVietnam. Kwaye kukhunjuzwe kangaphi i-Iran ukuba "zonke iinketho zisetafileni"?
A iphulo elitsha Ukupheliswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya kukhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye kufanelekile ukuba sixhaswe. Kodwa iJapan ikho iphinde yahlaziywa. Kwaye kwakhona, urhulumente wase-US ucinga ukuba angathanda iziphumo. Inkulumbuso uShinzo Abe, ngenkxaso yase-US, uphinda atolike olu lwimi kuMgaqo-siseko waseJapan:
"Abantu baseJapan bayilahla ngonaphakade imfazwe njengelungelo lokuzimela lesizwe kunye nesoyikiso okanye ukusebenzisa amandla njengeendlela zokusombulula iimbambano zamanye amazwe. … [L] kwaye, ulwandle, kunye nemikhosi yomoya, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokubakho emfazweni, azisoze zigcinwe. ”
"Ukutolikwa kwakhona" okutsha, kufezwe ngaphandle kokulungiswa koMgaqo-siseko, kubambelele kwelokuba iJapan inokugcina umhlaba, ulwandle, kunye nemikhosi yomoya, kunye nezinye izinto ezinokubakho kwimfazwe, kwaye iJapan iza kusebenzisa imfazwe okanye isoyikise imfazwe ukuzikhusela, ikhusele nayiphi na amahlakani, okanye ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe egunyazisiweyo ye-UN naphina emhlabeni. Izakhono zika-Abe zoku “kutolikwa ngokutsha” ziya kwenza iOfisi Yomcebisi Wezomthetho waseMelika ukuba ihlazeke.
Amagqabantshintshi aseMelika abhekisa kolu tshintsho eJapan “njengesiqhelo” kwaye evakalisa ingqumbo kukusilela kweJapan ukuzibandakanya kuzo naziphi na iimfazwe ukusukela ngeMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi. Urhulumente wase-US ngoku uzakulindela ukuthatha inxaxheba kweJapan kuyo nayiphi na isoyikiso okanye ukusetyenziswa kwemfazwe ngokuchasene ne China okanye i-Russia. Kodwa ukuhamba nokubuya komkhosi waseJapan kukonyuka kobuzwe baseJapan, hayi ukuzinikela kwaseJapan kulawulo lwase-US. Kwaye nobuzwe baseJapan buthathaka e-Okinawa, apho intshukumo yokugxotha iziseko zomkhosi wase-US zikhula zisomelela ngalo lonke ixesha. Ekuvuseleleni iJapan, endaweni yokuzikhusela emzimbeni, iUnited States idlala ngomlilo.
