NguPat Mdala, Oktobha 10, 2020
Iziphumo zovavanyo ezikhutshwe kule veki nguMbutho wase-St Mary's Watershed Association kunye neSebe lezeNdalo eMaryland (MDE) zibonisa amanqanaba aphezulu e-PFAS kwiityatyisi nakumanzi omlambo ahambelana nokusetyenziswa kweekhemikhali kwiWebster Outlying Field yoMlambo iPatuxent Isikhululo soMoya waseNavy (iWebster Field) eSt Inigoes, eMaryland. Isiseko sikufuphi nencam esemazantsi eSt. Mary's County, MD.
Iziphumo zibonisa iimbatyisi emlanjeni yiChurch Point naseSt. Inigoes Creek eziqulathe ngaphezulu kwe-1,000 XNUMX yeetriliyoni (ppt) yemichiza enetyhefu. Iimbatyisi zahlaziywa zii-Eurofins, inkokeli yehlabathi kuvavanyo lwe-PFAS. Olu hlalutyo lwenziwa egameni loMbutho wase-St. UMary's Watershed Association kunye nezemali ezixhaswe ngabasebenzi bakarhulumente kuXanduva lokusiNgqongileyo, ONtanga.
Ngelo xesha, idatha ekhutshwe yi-MDE bonisa amanqanaba e-PFAS kwi-13.45 ng / l (ii-nanograms kwilitha, okanye iinxalenye ngetriliyoni) zifunyenwe kumanzi omlambo malunga ne-2,300 yeenyawo ngasentshona yeWebster Field. Ngokusekwe kwezi ziphumo, iingxelo ze-MDE, "Iziphumo zovavanyo lomngcipheko wezempilo woluntu kwi-PFAS yokuvezwa kwamanzi kunye nolwelo lweoyster bezisezantsi kakhulu." Uvavanyo lwamanzi angcoliswe yi-PFAS kumanqanaba afanayo kwamanye amazwe, nangona kunjalo, lubonisa ukuba ubomi bamanzi bunamanqanaba aphezulu eetyhefu, ngenxa yobume be-bio yemichiza.
I-oyster eqokelelwe eChurch Point kwiKholeji yaseMary Mary yase-Maryland iqulethe i-1,100 ppt ye-6: 2 iFluorotelomer sulfonic acid, (FTSANgelixa ii-bivalve eSt Inigoes Creek zazingcoliswe yi-800 ppt yePerfluorobutanoic acid, (PFBA) kunye ne-220 ppt yePerfluoropentanoic acid, (I-PFPeA).
Amagosa aphambili ezempilo eluntwini ayasilumkisa Ungadli ngaphezulu kwe-1 ppt ityhefu ngemini emanzini okusela. Iikhemikhali ze-PFAS zinxulunyaniswa nomhlaza omninzi, ukungaqheleki kosana olungekazalwa, kunye nezifo zabantwana, kubandakanya i-autism, i-asthma, kunye nengxaki yokusilela kwengqwalaselo. Abantu akufuneki batye ezi mbatyisi, ngakumbi abasetyhini abanokukhulelwa.
EMaryland, uxanduva lokulawula ucoceko lweembatyisi lwahlulwe phakathi kweearhente zikarhulumente ezintathu: iSebe leMicimbi yezeNdalo eMaryland (MDE), iSebe leMithombo yeNdalo (DNR), kunye neSebe lezeMpilo kunye neMpilo yengqondo (DHMH). Ezi arhente zoyisakele ukukhusela impilo yoluntu ngelixa likaTrump lolawulo I-EPA iye yahlaziya imigangatho ngokubhekisele kungcoliseko lwePFAS. Xa amazwe etyhola iSebe lezoKhuselo ngokufaka ityhefu emanzini nasekutyeni, i-DOD iphendule ngokubanga "ukungabinamandla okuzikhusela" kuthetha ukuba banelungelo lokungcolisa iindlela zamanzi ngenxa yokuqwalaselwa kukhuseleko lwesizwe.
Ukujongwa ngokusondeleyo kwinzululwazi: Iimbatyisi ezingcolileyo
Nangona i-MDE ithi akukho nto yoyikayo kwaye Amagosa omkhosi wamanzi athi abukho ubungqina bokuba ungcoliseko lwePFAS lusasazeke ngaphaya kweziseko zalo, Dr. Umlawuli woMgaqo-nkqubo wezeNzululwazi ka-Kyla Bennett uthi uvavanyo lukarhulumente lwalunomda kakhulu ukubanga ukuba impilo encinci inxulumene nokutya iimbatyisi.
"Kufuneka sazi ngakumbi," utshilo.
Ngokutsho Ijenali yeBay U-Bennett uthe kukho iintsilelo kuvavanyo lukarhulumente oluye lwabeka esichengeni amandla alo okuvavanya ngokupheleleyo umngcipheko wezempilo. Umzekelo, utshilo, kuvavanyo lwe-MDE "ngekhe lukwazi ukuthatha indawo enye enengxaki nokuba kumanqanaba amawaka aliwaka kwitriliyoni. Uye wathi, urhulumente kuvavanye kuphela zonke iisampulu zazo ze-14 ngaphezulu kwe-8,000 eyaziwayo ye-PFAS.
“Ukusilela kwabo ukuvavanya zonke ii-36 [ze-PFAS] kuzo zonke iisayithi zabo, ngenxa yokuba imida yokufumanisa ngobume bayo iphezulu kakhulu, ukuya kuthi ga kumawaka ayi-10,000 kwitriliyoni, ukufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba kukho umngcipheko ophantsi, ndicinga ukuba engenankathalo, ”utshilo.
Iimbatyisi ezilishumi ezivela kuMlambo iSt. Mary ezifumaneka kwisitya seoyile eqhotsiweyo kwindawo yokutyela yaselwandle kule ngingqi inokuba ne-500 yeembatyisi. Ukuba imbatyisi nganye ine-1,000 ppt yeekhemikhali ze-PFAS, iyafana nenxalenye e-1 ngezigidigidi, efanayo ne-1 nanogram ngegram, (ng / g).
Ke, 1 ng / gx 500 g (10 oysters) ilingana ne-500 ng ye-PFAS.
Ngenxa yokungabikho komthetho wobumbano kunye nomgaqo karhulumente, sinokujonga kwiGunya loKhuseleko loKutya laseYurophu (i-EFSA) ukukhokelwa, nangona uninzi lwamagosa ezempilo oluntu athi amanqanaba abo e-PFAS aphezulu kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, abeLungu baphambi kwe-US ekukhuseleni impilo yoluntu kulomonakalo weekhemikhali.
I-EFSA isete iTakeableable Weekly Intake (TWI) kwii-nanograms eziyi-4.4 ngekhilogram yesisindo somzimba. (4.4 ng / kg / wk) yeekhemikhali zePFAS kukutya.
Ke, umntu onobunzima beepawundi ezili-150 (iikhilogram ezingama-68) unako “ngokukhuselekileyo” Sebenzisa ii-nanograms ezingama-300 ngeveki. (ng / wk) [malunga ne-68 x 4.4] yeekhemikhali ze-PFAS.
Masithi umntu othile utya isidlo se-oyster ezili-10 ezinobunzima be-500 gram (.5 kg) equlathe i-500 ng / kg yeekhemikhali ze-PFAS.
[.5 kg yeembatyisi x 1,000 ng PFAS / kg = 500 ngs zePFAS kweso sidlo.]
Abantu baseYurophu bathi akufuneki ukuba sifake ngaphezulu kwe-300 nanograms ngeveki yeekhemikhali ze-PFAS, ke, isitya esinye seoyster esidikiweyo sidlula kwelo nqanaba. Ukuba sithobela umda we-1 ppt wemihla ngemihla oxhaswe siSikolo seHarvard seMpilo yoLuntu okanye iQela eliSebenzayo lokusiNgqongileyo, siya kuncitshiswa ekungeniseni imbatyisi enye yaseSt. Mary's River qho kwiinyanga ezimbini. Ngeli xesha, iMaryland ithi iingozi zempilo ezivela kwezi mbaza "zisezantsi kakhulu."
Le ngxaki yezempilo yoluntu iqhubekeka ngamajelo eendaba athi athobele asasaze urhulumente kunye nemithombo yeendaba kwezomkhosi engekho kuhlalutyo olubalulekileyo. Yintoni uluntu olucinga ngenye indlela? Okubaluleke ngakumbi, ngubani omele athembele kuluntu? Isikolo saseHarvard seMpilo kaRhulumente? iGunya loKhuseleko loKutya laseYurophu? okanye iSebe lezeNdalo laseMaryland elilawulwa yiRiphabhlikhi elinerekhodi ethandabuzekayo yokuxhasa ngokusingqongileyo okusebenza phantsi kwe-EPA engasasebenziyo?
Musa ukutya iimbatyisi.
U-EFSA uthi ukuba "iintlanzi kunye nokunye ukutya kwaselwandle" akhawunti ukuya kuthi ga kwi-86% yokutya okuchazwa yi-PFAS kubantu abadala. Uninzi lokuvezwa kubangelwa kukusetyenziswa ngokungenankathalo kwamagwebu okulwa nomlilo kwiziseko zomkhosi ukusukela kwiminyaka yoo-1970. Ukutya okulinywe kumabala agutyungelwe lilindle eligcwele yi-PFAS kwiindawo zasemkhosini nakwimizi-mveliso, amanzi okusela angcolileyo avela kwimithombo efanayo, kunye neemveliso zabathengi zenza uninzi lwemithombo eshiyekileyo igalelo ekungeniseni koluntu i-PFAS.
Ukusetyenziswa kwelogo yeSikhululo soMoya esiyiPatuxent.
Ukujongwa ngokusondeleyo kwiSayensi: Amanzi angcolileyo
Idatha ekhutshwe yi-MDE ebonisa amanqanaba e 13.45 ng / l kuMlambo iSt. Mary ngaseWebster Field kuyaphazamisa kuba zibonisa ukungcoliseka okukhulu kwazo zonke izinto eziphila emanzini. Inkqubo ye- Elona nqanaba liphezulu livunyelweyo le-PFAS kwi-European Union is .13 ng / l emanzini olwandle. Amanqanaba kuMlambo waseSt.
In ILake Monoma, eWisconsin, kufutshane neTruax Field Air National Base Base, amanzi angcoliswe yi-15 ng / l ye-PFAS. Abasemagunyeni bakuthintela ukutya ikhaphethi, ipike, ibhasi kunye nepherch kwisidlo esinye ngenyanga, nangona amagosa ezempilo amaninzi esithi ukuvumela ukutyiwa kukungakhathali.
Kwindawo yaseSouth Bay eSan Francisco Bay, amanzi olwandle aqulathe i-10.87 ng / l yeekhemikhali zePFAS. (ezantsi kuneSt. Jonga iTheyibhile 2a. Iibivalve zafunyanwa kwi-5.25 ng / g, okanye kwi-5,250 ppt. I-Pacific Staghorn Sculpin yafunyanwa kwindawo efanayo kunye ne-241,000 ppt. zePFAS. Kwangokunjalo, e-Eden Landing eSan Francisco Bay, amanzi afunyanwa ene-25.99 ng / l, ngelixa enye ye-bivalve yayine-76,300 ppt yeetyhefu.
ENew Jersey, i-Echo Lake Reservoir yayine-24.3 ng / l kwaye uMlambo iCohansey wafunyanwa une-17.9 ng / l ye-PFAS iyonke. ILargemouth Bass yafunyanwa kwi-Echo Lake Reservoir equkethe i-5,120 ppt ye-PFAS iyonke ngelixa uMlambo iCohansey une-White Perch ene-3,040 ppt ye-PFAS. Kukho idatha eninzi efumanekayo evela kumazwe akhusele kakhulu impilo yoluntu kunaseMaldin. Inqaku apha kukuba uninzi lwezi khemikhali ze-PFAS ziqokelelene kubomi bamanzi nasebantwini.
Ngo-2002, uphando olwavela kwiphephancwadi, Ukungcola kwendalo kunye neToxicology isampuli yeembatyisi equlethe i-1,100 ng / g okanye i-1,100,000 ppt ye-PFOS, eyona idume kakhulu kwi-PFAS "imichiza engunaphakade." I-oyster yayiqokelelwe eHog Point eChesapeake Bay, malunga ne-3,000 yeenyawo ukusuka kwindawo yokubaleka ePatuxent River Naval Air Station. Namhlanje, ingxelo entsha evela kwi-MDE ukuba isampulu yamanzi angaphezulu kunye neembatyisi kwindawo enye yePFAS ayifumananga "akukho nqanaba lokuxhalaba."
