NguJoseph Essertier, uJanuwari 6, 2019
ukusuka ZNet
“Amandla okubhala amacandelo amakhulu oluntu njengaLinye, njengoko linokulahlwa, lingaphantsi komntu kwaye ngenxa yoko likulungele ukuzincama, beliyinxalenye yokuxhasa uqoqosho lwethu ngezibaso, kwaye bekusoloko kunjalo. Amandla aphelisiweyo akanakubakho, angaze abekho, ngaphandle kweendawo zokuzincama kunye nabantu ababingelelayo. -UNahomi Klein, "UNawomi Klein: Ukucinga Ixesha Elizayo ngaphandle Kwezono Zemihlatshelo", INgqungquthela yokuBambisana kunye neNkqantosi, i-2015
Kunyaka ophelile I-Business Insider wachaza ukuba "ngaphandle kwemifudlana ye-coral, kunokubakho ukuhlaselwa kwezinto eziphilayo ezinxwemeni, kunye neziphumo eziphazamisayo kwihlabathi." Kwa-2012 uRoger Bradbury, i-ecologist yase-Australia yaseYunivesithi yasitshela ukuba ama-coral reefs ayafa; ukuba i-International Coral Reef Symposium ebizwa ngokuba "kubo bonke oorhulumente ukuqinisekisa ikusasa leemifudlana ze-coral;" ukuba "amawaka abantu abamahlwempu, amazwe aseTropiya afana ne-Indonesia nelasePhilippines axhomekeke kwimifudlana ye-coral yokutya" iya kubandezeleka; ukuba ishishini lokhenketho "emazweni anotyebile anemifudlana ye-coral, njenge-United States, Australia kunye neJapan" isongelwa; ukuba iMexico neThailand "ukhuseleko lokutya kunye nezokhenketho" ziza "zonakaliswa kakubi;" kwaye kuya kuba nokulahleka okukhulu kwezinto eziphilayo (ENew York Times). Okwangoku kukho ukuvumelana malunga nokubulala i-coral: ukufudumala kwamaqondo okufudumala kolwandle, ama-acidification olwandle, ukungcola, ukunqongophala, nokuba mhlawumbi neentlobo ezingenayo kunye nophuhliso lonxweme.
Kodwa kukho omnye umbulali we-coral. Ngomnye wabantu abaqala ukubulala umhlaba, kwaye usengozini yokuphila kweentlobo zethu. Ndibhalela imikhosi yaseMelika kwaye, kulo mzekelo, ukuhlaselwa kwayo kwi-coral ye-Oura Bay e-Okinawa, eJapan. Impembelelo yemishini yemfazwe yase-US kwi-coral ixakeke ngokukhethekileyo kuba ihlangene nomnye umbulali, urhulumente waseJapan, owaziwayo ngoku ngokubulala-olwandle-ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kweemikhomo, ihlengethwa kunye neentlanzi, kungabi khankanya ngabo bantu banobuhlungu ukuhlala kufuphi nxwemeni kunye nokuhlala kwiintlanzi okanye obomi babo bebexhomekeke ekulobeni. (Loo rhulumente uncedise ukwakha izityalo zamandla enyukliya kufuphi neendawo eziselunxwemeni ze-tsunami, kwaye wada waxhasa iTokyo Electric Power Company okanye i-TEPCO emva kwenhlekelele yaseFukushima Daiichi eye yabangela amanzi amaninzi anomswakatho kwi-Pacific Ocean).
Ngomsebenzi omtsha waseHenoko owakhiwayo, apho bawandisa iNkampu yeSwab e-Oura Bay, iTokyo igxotha iWashington enye inkulu ye-US Marine Corps-ukuba kwiindawo ezihlwempuzekileyo nokunika izityebi. (ICamp Schwab itholakala kwisithili saseNenoko saseNago City). Ngakolunye uhlangothi kunamandla amakhulu-eTokyo, eWashington, kunye neenkampani ezahlukeneyo ezifumana inzuzo kwisakhiwo siseko-ngelixa kwelinye icala zimelela abantu Uchinā. Uchinā igama elithi "Okinawa" Uchināguchi, ulwimi oluvela kwisiqithi sase-Okinawa. Imfazwe yaseOkinawa yabulala enye yesithathu Uchinā abantu, bashiye abaninzi babo bengenamakhaya, kwaye bachitha ilizwe labo, ngoko ke kufuneka bangabi nantoni ukuba bafune ukuba kwenzeke kwakhona. Uchinā Abantu baye bajamelana neengcathu ezintathu kwiinkulungwane zehlabathi ukuze bahlaziywe umhlaba wabo kwaye banqande le mibini yamandla, i-US kunye neJapane, ekubeni baphinde baphendule umhlaba wabo kwi-battlefield kwakhona. Baye balwela, ngempumelelo ethile, ngokubodwa, ngamashumi eminyaka. Inani labantu baseJapan ngokubanzi linamaxesha e-100 abantu baseKongina Prefecture. Ngokuthelekiswa, iKorea ihlala ngamaxesha angama-50 abantu baseOkinawa. Xa kunzima nakumaKorea ukugcina ukuzimela kwabo eTokyo naseWashington, cingani oko Uchinā abantu baye baphakanyiswa.
Uchināguchi Ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni lwesiQithi sase-Okinawa kwaye aluhambisani nolwimi lwaseTokyo. I Uchinā Abantu babenelungelo lokuzimela njengobukumkani obuhlukeneyo kude kubekho i17th kwinkulungwane kwaye emva koko bekwazi ukugcina ukuzimela ngaphandle kweJapan ukuya kwi-1874. Ipesenti ezingamashumi amabini zendawo yonke yeSiqithi saseOkinawa ngoku ihlala i-US bases. Zonke ezinye zilawulwa yiTokyo. Isiqithi saseOkinawa sisinye seziqithi ezininzi e-Okinawa Prefecture enokufakelwa kwezempi, kumkhosi we-US okanye kwi-"I-Self-defense" ye-Japan. Isiqithi saseMyako ne-Ishigaki Isiqithi ezimbini zeziqithi ezinkulu ezakha iPokina yaseOkinawa. Amagumbi amathathu e-50,000 base-US aseJapan abahlala e-Okinawa Prefecture.
IWashington neTokyo ifuna ukusebenzisa u-Uchinā kwakhona njengento endibiza ngokuba "indawo yombingelelo," eboleka ixesha likaNaomi Klein. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela ye-20 iminyaka abantu baseUchinā baye baphumelela ngokumelana nomzamo weTokyo wokwakha isiseko apho. Baye bavalela, bayeka okwesikhashana, okanye bawuncipha kwakhona ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Kodwa ngomhla we-14ti kaDisemba, ngenyanga edlulileyo, iTokyo yakwazi ukuqala ukulimaza i-coral eHenoko, kwi-Oura Bay. (Unokubukela ukubulawa ngokukrakra kwe-coral ngokwakho kwiwebhusayithi ethi "Yima ne-Okinawa": standwithokinawa.net/2018/12/14/dec14news/). Baye balahla ukungcola kwaye baqhayisa idwala phezu kwayo. Ngethamsanqa kuwo wonke umntu, abadlali abachasi-base basebenzanga. Ngenxa yoko simele sibulele. I-coral isaphila. Njengoko inzululwazi yezopolitiko kunye no-activist C. Douglas Lummis wabhekisela ngelinye ilanga, "Akupheli 'Kude Kuphelile." (Inqaku lakhe lwakutshanje linelungelo, "Akupheli 'Kude Kuphelile: Ukucinga ngoKhomishwano lwe-Okinawan Anti-Base", I I-Asia-Pacific Journal: I-Japan Focus, 1 Januwari 2019). Uyazi abantu base-Uchinā kunye nembali yabo yomva emva kwemfazwe njengobani na, kwaye uyazi amandla abo.
Uninzi lwabantu base-Uchinā luchasene nendawo yokwakha yaseHenoko; I-55% yeJapan iphikisana. Ukusebenzisana nabantu base-Uchinā bangamawaka abantu abemi baseJapan nabanomdla kunye nabemi behlabathi abavela ngaphandle kweJapan. Le nxalenye encinci yomntu oqonda oko kusemgangathweni. Ubuntu ngoku buphakathi "nesiganeko sokuphela kwehlabathi," apho i-coral yolwandle ejikeleze umhlaba jikelele iya kupheliswa. I-Coral yintlobo ye-invertebrate yolwandle. Ama-invertebrates asemanzini yiloluhlobo lwangaphambili lwezilwanyana kwiplanethi yethu. Ukuphela kwalo lonke i-ecosystem kwikhodi. I-Henoko kufuneka ibe yendalo yolondolozo.
"Imifuma ye-Coral," ke, "yimithi yamanzi yolwandle," kodwa i-Henoko coral reef ingaba kwimilenze yayo yokugqibela. Sinquma ukuba ngaba uhlala okanye afe. Ukusinda kwe dugong (uhlobo "lweenkomo zasolwandle") kunye nezinye iindidi ze-200 zixhomekeke ekusindekeni kwe-coral reef e-Henoko. Kodwa ulawulo lukaNdunankulu uShinzo Abe ngoku, ngokuseleyo, luyalela abantu ukuba bawubulale-le coral ephilileyo ephilileyo eqala ukuxhatshazwa kwi-coral bleaching ephazamisa i-coral kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Ulawulo lubeka ngokukhawuleza kwi-mask yalo yokubulala kwaye luqalise ukusebenza komhlaba ngomhla we-14th kaDisemba-mhlawumbi isenzo esiphula umthetho waseJapan-sinethemba lokuphula umyalelo wokuchasana. Bazama ukwakha ngaphantsi kwe-sea ephethe "ukuzinza kwe-mayonnaise," ngoko le projekthi iya kuba neendleko ezingaphezulu koko if iinjineli zinokwakha ngokuqinisekileyo kwaye if izithintelo zomthetho zinganqotshwa. NjengoGavan McCormack kunye noSatoko Norimatsu babhale encwadini yabo Iziqithi eziMelana (2012), ukwakha isiseko somkhosi eHenoko ulungele ukwakha enye kwi-Grand Canyon. Kutheni ufuna ukwakha enye apho?
Imperialism yanamhlanje, ngegama. Njengoko iJapane yaphuma ekuphumeni kwayo kwexesha elide kunye nehlabathi lokutya-inja-inja yaseNtshona Koloni ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elinesithoba, urhulumente waseJapane, naye, wayebandakanyeka kwi-Western-style imperialism-ngokumelene nabantu baseUchinā kumzantsi , iAinu ngasenyakatho kunye nabanye abamelwane, njengabantu baseKorea naseChina. Ukumelana nekoloni ngeNtshona kunye nokuba yindlela yohlobo lweNtshona-ntsapho (ukugqiba enye yemisebenzi ebizwa ngokuba "yinto yesimanje") yayithetha ukuba kwakufuneka ibe isihogo-kulungele ukwandiswa kwezentengiselwano nayiphi na indleko-ukususela ekuzalweni kwayo okuxakekileyo kwi-1868 de ukuxhatshazwa kwayo kwi1945.
Kwiminyaka emva kwemfazwe, iJapane yatshintshela kwi "Japan Inc." Le ndawo yesikhulu esiphezulu yamandla ibonisa ukutshatyalaliswa koorhulumente kazwelonke eTokyo ngakwesinye icala kunye neshishini elikhulu laseJapan kwelinye. Ezi zibini zihlangene kunye nokwenza umzimba omnye wokwenza umgaqo-nkqubo oqhubekayo kwezoshishino eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwa yiJerimesi ekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi elineshumi elinesithoba, kuncitshiswe inxalenye yamagosa amakhulu. Ngokubanzi nakwi-US, mhlawumbi nangakumbi, inzuzo ifika phambi kwabantu baseJapan, Inc. Nenye yezona zinto zivela kwiSebe lokubulala, iPentagon. Ukuziphatha okubhubisayo esikubonayo kwiHenoko namhlanje kunentsholongwane evela kwindlela yokuphila komntu kodwa ngokuvisisana ngokupheleleyo neenjongo zezoqoqosho kunye ne-geopolitiki yaseTokyo neWashington.
isiphelo
Ukutshatyalaliswa okwenziwa kwiplanethi yethu yimishini yemfazwe yase-US, eJapan nakwamanye amazwe kuqhubekisa amathuba okuphila kwabantu ngaphaya kwexesha lokungabuyiselwa, njengokufana nokutshiswa kwamafutha afumanekayo uKlein. UHenoko ungumzekelo weklasi woMkhosi wethu oguqula uhlobo olugcinwa kwindawo yombingelelo. Olu lwaphulo-mthetho oluninzi olungabonakaliyo lokubulala enye yee-coral reefs zokugqibela eziphilileyo zingathumela amaza okuphazamiseka kwiindawo eziphilayo zehlabathi. Abantu baseUchinā kunye nalabo abemi nabo basinika ithemba nangona, ngamazwi abo amancinci kodwa anqwenelayo abizayo kwihlabathi, "Yeka ukwakhiwa kwesiseko esitsha eHenoko!"
U-Klein uthe, "Ndiya kuxoxisana, nangona kungabonakali, ukuba abantu 'bahlawuliswa' xa befumana indlela yemali kuloo mihlaba." ("I-Overburden" yinto ephezulu ngaphezu kwendawo ekujoliswe kuyo ukusetyenziswa kakubi, njengamatye, umhlaba, kunye neendlela eziphilayo ezifumana indlela yokuchithwa kwemigodi-uhlobo olulodwa lwesitishi somthombo). U-Klein uyaqhubeka wathi xa abantu "bathengwa ngokwemali" ngale ndlela banamalungelo, loo mali iyakuba yinkinga kubaxhasi. Ukucinga ngala mazwi malunga nobomi kunye nokufa okuqhubekayo ngoku ku-Henoko, Okinawa, eJapan, umntu uyaqaphela ukuba ngenjongo ethile, ewe, abantu base-Uchinā basebenze njengoluhlobo "lweentlawulo" kwaye banamalungelo njengabanye abemi baseJapan ukwenza, ngoko baya kuqhubeka behamba ngendlela, ngokomfuziselo nangokwenene, njengoko bebeka imizimba yabo endleleni eyalela iilori ezenza umsebenzi wokuthuthwa komhlaba. Kuthiwani ngathi sonke sifumana endleleni nabo, ngokwemfuziselo, ngokweengcamango, ngokwenene, nangona naluphi na indlela esinokuyenza ngayo, thina kunye nekamva lethu leplanethi? Masibe ngumrhumo ogqithiseleyo ovimba i-extractivism ye-US-Japan machine war war. Masibe "ubomi obuya endleleni yemali" uKlein akhuluma ngayo, okokuqala ngokunciphisa "ukusasazwa kwendawo yombingelelo" oku "ngcwalisa uluntu" kunye "nokusongela iinkqubo zokuxhasa ubomi kwiplanethi ngokwayo" ukuze ukuba thina kunye nomhlaba singaphila.
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Ndiyabulela kakhulu kuStephen Brivati ngezimvo, iziphakamiso kunye nokuhlela.
UJoseph Essertier unjingalwazi onxulumene neNagoya Institute of Technology eJapan kunye noMququzeleli waseJapan World BEYOND War.
