Ukusuka eMosul ukuya eRaqqa ukuya eMariupol, ukubulala abahlali lulwaphulo-mthetho

NguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, UEpreli 12, 2022

Abantu baseMelika baye bamangaliswa kukufa kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kokuhlasela kweRashiya e-Ukraine, begcwalisa izikrini zethu ngezakhiwo eziqhubhile kunye nezidumbu ezilele esitratweni. Kodwa i-United States namahlakani ayo baye balwa imfazwe kumazwe ngamazwe kangangamashumi eminyaka, bekrola intshabalalo kwizixeko, iidolophu neelali ngomkhamo omkhulu kakhulu kunokuba kude kube ngoku yonakalisa iUkraine. 

Njengoko kutshanje umbiko, I-US kunye namahlakani ayo baye bawa phantsi kweebhomu ze-337,000 kunye nemijukujelwa, okanye i-46 ngosuku, kumazwe alithoba ukususela kwi-2001 kuphela. Amagosa aphezulu e-Arhente yoKhuseleko lwe-US axelele Newsweek ukuba iintsuku ze-24 zokuqala Ukuqhushumba kwebhombu yase-Ukraine e-Ukraine kwakungonakali kangako kunosuku lokuqala lokuqhushumba kwe-US e-Iraq ngo-2003.

Iphulo elikhokelwa yi-US ngokuchasene ne-ISIS e-Iraq naseSyria laqhushumba loo mazwe ngeebhombu ezingaphezu kwe-120,000 kunye nemijukujelwa, eyona bhombu inzima naphi na kumashumi eminyaka. Amagosa omkhosi waseMelika uxelele i-Amnesty International ukuba uhlaselo lwase-US e-Raqqa e-Syria lwaluyeyona nto inzima yokuqhushumba kwebhombu ukusukela kwiMfazwe yase-Vietnam. 

IMosul e-Iraq yayisesona sixeko sikhulu iUnited States namahlakani ayo iyancipha ibe yingqushu kwelo phulo, elinabemi abazizigidi ezisisi-1.5 ngaphambi kohlaselo. malunga Izindlu ezingama-138,000 zonakaliswe okanye zatshatyalaliswa ngokuqhunyiswa kweebhombu kunye neentolo, kunye Ingxelo yobuntlola yase-Iraqi Kurdish ibalwe ubuncinci Abantu base40,000 kubulawa.

IRaqqa, eyayinabemi abangama-300,000, yayinjalo wavutha ngakumbi. A Umsebenzi wovavanyo we-UN ingxelo yokuba i-70-80% yezakhiwo zatshatyalaliswa okanye zonakaliswa. Imikhosi yaseSiriya kunye neKurdish eRaqqa umbiko ebala imibutho engama-4,118 XNUMX. Uninzi lwabantu ababhubhileyo alubalwanga kumabhodlo aseMosul naseRaqqa. Ngaphandle kovavanyo oluphangaleleyo lokubhubha kwabantu, asinakuze sazi ukuba leliphi na iqhezu lelona nani lokubhubha la manani amele.

IPentagon ithembise ukuphonononga imigaqo-nkqubo yayo malunga nokubulawa kwabantu emva kwezi ndyikitya yokufa, yaze yayalela iRand Corporation ukuba iqhube. isifundo enesihloko esithi, "Ukuqonda Ukwenzakala Kwabemi eRaqqa kunye neziphumo zayo kwiiNgqungquthela ezizayo," esele yenziwe esidlangalaleni. 

Nanjengoko ilizwe lirhoxa kubundlobongela obothusayo eUkraine, isiseko sophononongo lweRand Corp kukuba imikhosi yase-US iya kuqhubeka isilwa iimfazwe ezibandakanya ukuqhushumba kwezixeko kunye neendawo ezihlala abantu, kwaye ke kufuneka bazame ukuqonda ukuba bangenza njani. ngoko ngaphandle kokubulala abantu abaninzi kangako.

Uphononongo luqhuba ngaphezulu kwamaphepha e-100, kodwa aluze lufikelele kwingxaki ephambili, eyimpembelelo etshabalalisayo nebulalayo yokudubula izixhobo eziqhumayo kwiindawo ezihlala abantu ezidolophini njengeMosul eIraq, Raqqa eSyria, eMariupol eUkraine, Sanaa eYemen. okanye eGaza ePalestina.  

Ukwenziwa “kwezixhobo ezichanekileyo” kusilele ngendlela ecacileyo ukuthintela ezi ndyikitya zokufa. IUnited States yatyhila “iibhombu ezikrelekrele” zayo ezintsha ebudeni beMfazwe yokuQala yeGulf ngowe-1990-1991. Kodwa enyanisweni baqukiwe ngama-7% kuphela yeetoni ezingama-88,000 zeebhombu ezizithobileyo eIraq, zinciphisa "uluntu oluhlala ezidolophini kunye noomatshini" ukuya "kwilizwe langaphambi kwamashishini" ngokutsho Uphando lwe-UN. 

Esikhundleni sokupapasha idatha yokwenyani malunga nokuchaneka kwezi zixhobo, i-Pentagon igcine umkhankaso wepropaganda ophucukileyo wokuhambisa ingcamango yokuba i-100% ichanekile kwaye inokubetha ekujoliswe kuyo njengendlu okanye isakhiwo sezindlu ngaphandle kokulimaza abantu abahlala kwindawo ejikelezileyo. 

Nangona kunjalo, ngexesha lokuhlasela kwe-Iraq e-Iraq ngo-2003, uRob Hewson, umhleli wejenali yorhwebo lwezixhobo ephonononga ukusebenza kwezixhobo zomoya, waqikelela ukuba. 20 kwi25% yezixhobo “ezichanekileyo” zase-US zaphoswa ziithagethi zazo. 

Naxa zithe zafikelela ekujolise kuzo, ezi zixhobo azenzi njengezixhobo zasesibhakabhakeni kumdlalo wevidiyo. Iibhombu ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwi-arsenal yase-US zi 500 lb iibhombu, kunye nentlawulo eqhumayo ye-89 kilos ye-Tritonal. Ngoku ka Idatha yokhuseleko ye-UN, uqhushumbo lulodwa ukusuka kweso siqhushumbisi sibulala i-100% ukuya kwi-radius yeemitha ezili-10, kwaye kuya kuphula yonke ifestile ngaphakathi kweemitha ezili-100. 

Yiloo nto nje isiphumo sokuqhushumba. Ukufa kunye nokulimala okubi kubangelwa ukudilika kwezakhiwo kunye ne-flying shrapnel kunye ne-debris - ikhonkrithi, isinyithi, iglasi, iinkuni njl. 

Ugwayimbo lubonwa luchanekile ukuba luhlala ngaphakathi “kwempazamo esetyhula enokwenzeka,” ngokuqhelekileyo ziimitha ezili-10 ukujikeleza into ekujoliswe kuyo. Ke kwindawo yasezidolophini, ukuba uthathela ingqalelo "impazamo esetyhula enokwenzeka," iradiyasi yoqhushumbo, inkunkuma ephaphazelayo kunye nezakhiwo ezidilikayo, nogwayimbo oluvavanyiweyo "njengoluchanekile" lunokubulala kwaye lwenzakalisa abantu. 

Amagosa ase-US abonisa umahluko phakathi kokubulawa “ngenjongo” kunye nokubulawa “ngabom” kwabantu ngabanqolobi. Kodwa umbhali-mbali ongasekhoyo uHoward Zinn wacela umngeni kulo mahluko ileta kwi ENew York Times ngo-2007. Wabhala wathi,

“La magama akakhohlisi kuba bacinga ukuba isenzo 'senziwe ngabom' okanye 'singenzelwanga ngabom.' Kukho into phakathi, apho igama elithi 'ngokungenakuthintelwa.' Ukuba ubandakanyeka kwisenzo, esifana nokuqhunyiswa kwebhombu emoyeni, apho ungenako ukwahlula phakathi kwamajoni kunye nabemi (njengomntu owayesakuba yi-Air Force bombardier, ndiya kungqina oko), ukufa kwabantu abaqhelekileyo akunakuphepheka, nokuba 'kungekhona ngabom.' 

Ngaba loo mahluko ukhulula imilinganiselo yokuziphatha? Ubunqolobi bomqhushumbisi owazibulalayo kunye nobunqolobi bokudubula kweebhombu emoyeni ngokwenene ziyafana ngokuziphatha. Ukuthetha ngenye indlela (njengoko nakweliphi na icala lisenokuba njalo) kukunika elinye isimilo ukongama kunelinye, yaye ngaloo ndlela kukhonza ukuqhubela phambili amasikizi exesha lethu.”

Abantu baseMelika bayoyika ngokufanelekileyo xa bebona abantu bebulawa yibhombu yaseRussia eUkraine, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo abothuki kangako, kwaye banokuvuma ukuthethelelwa ngokusemthethweni, xa besiva ukuba abantu babulawa yimikhosi yase-US okanye izixhobo zaseMelika eIraq, eSyria, Yemen okanye Gaza. Amajelo eendaba aseNtshona adlala indima ephambili kule nto, ngokusibonisa izidumbu e-Ukraine kunye nokulila kwabathandekayo babo, kodwa ukusikhusela kwimifanekiso ephazamisayo ngokulinganayo yabantu ababulawa yi-US okanye imikhosi ehlangeneyo.

Ngelixa iinkokeli zaseNtshona zifuna ukuba iRussia ithathelwe uxanduva ngolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, abakhange baphakamise loo mazwi ukutshutshisa amagosa ase-US. Nangona kunjalo ngexesha lomkhosi wase-US e-Iraq, zombini iKomiti yeZizwe ngezizwe yoMnqamlezo oBomvu (ICRC) kunye noMthunywa woNcedo we-UN e-Iraq (UNAMI) kubhalwe phantsi ukunyhashwa okuzingileyo nokucwangcisiweyo kweNgqungquthela yase-Geneva yimikhosi yase-US, kuqukwa neNgqungquthela ye-1949 yesine yase-Geneva ekhusela abantu kwiimpembelelo zemfazwe nokuhlalwa emkhosini.

IKomiti yeHlabathi yoMnqamlezo obomvu (ICRC) Kunye amaqela oluntu Ukuphathwa gadalala okucwangcisiweyo kunye nokungcungcuthekiswa kwamabanjwa e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan, kuquka namatyala apho imikhosi yase-US yangcungcuthekisa amabanjwa ade afa. 

Nangona ukuthuthunjiswa kwamkelwe ngamagosa ase-US yonke indlela ukuya kuthi ga kwi INdlu yeNdlu, akukho gosa elingaphezu kwenqanaba elikhulu elakhe laphenduliswa ngokubulawa ngentuthumbo e-Afghanistan okanye eIraq. Esona sohlwayo siqatha esinikwe ngokungcungcuthekisa ibanjwa laze lafa yayisigwebo seenyanga ezintlanu entolongweni, nangona oko kulityala lokufa phantsi kwe-US. UMthetho wamaTyala eMfazwe.  

Kwi 2007 ingxelo yamalungelo oluntu eyayichaza ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi ngamajoni aseUnited States, i-UNAMI yabhala yathi, “Umthetho wesintu wamazwe ngamazwe unyanzelisa ukuba, kangangoko kunokwenzeka, iinjongo zomkhosi mazingabekwa kwimimandla ehlala abantu abaninzi. Ubukho bamajoni phakathi kwabemi abaninzi abutshintshi ubume bendawo ethile. ” 

Le ngxelo yayifuna “zonke izityholo ezinokuthenjwa zokubulala ngokungekho mthethweni ziphandwe ngokucokisekileyo, ngokukhawuleza nangokungakhethi buso, kuze kuthatyathwe amanyathelo afanelekileyo nxamnye namajoni afunyaniswa esebenzise izigalo ezigqithisileyo okanye engacaluli.”

Esikhundleni sokuphanda, i-US igubungele ngokusebenzayo ubugebenga bayo bemfazwe. Intlekele umzekelo yindyikityha yokufa ngo-2019 kwidolophu yaseSyria yaseBaghuz, apho iyunithi ekhethekileyo yomkhosi wase-US yaphosa iibhombu ezinkulu kwiqela labasetyhini kunye nabantwana, yabulala malunga ne-70. ukuyigquma. Kuphela emva kokuba a ENew York Times imibonisoé kwiminyaka kamva umkhosi wade wavuma ukuba ugwayimbo lwenzekile.  

Ke kuyahlekisa ukuva uMongameli uBiden esithi uMongameli uPutin ajongane netyala lolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, xa i-United States igubungela ulwaphulo-mthetho lwayo, iyasilela ukubamba amagosa ayo aphezulu aphendule kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe kwaye isagatya ulawulo lweNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaMazwe ngaMazwe. (ICC). Ngo-2020, uDonald Trump waya kuthi ga ekuwiseni izohlwayo zase-US kwabatshutshisi abaphezulu be-ICC ngokuphanda ubugebenga bemfazwe yase-US e-Afghanistan.

Uphononongo lweRand luphindaphinda ibango lokuba imikhosi yase-US "izinikele ngokunzulu kumthetho wemfazwe." Kodwa ukutshatyalaliswa kweMosul, iRaqqa kunye nezinye izixeko kunye nembali yokungahloneli kwe-US kwi-Charter ye-UN, iiNdibano ze-Geneva kunye neenkundla zamazwe ngamazwe zibalisa ibali elahluke kakhulu.

Siyavumelana nesigqibo sengxelo yeRandi sokuba, “Ukufunda okubuthathaka kweziko le-DoD kwimiba yokwenzakala kwabantu kwathetha ukuba izifundo ezidlulileyo azihoywanga, kwandisa umngcipheko kubemi baseRaqqa.” Nangona kunjalo, sithatha ingxaki ngokusilela kophononongo ukuqonda ukuba uninzi lwezichaso ezicacileyo ezibhalwe ziziphumo zolwaphulo-mthetho olusisiseko kulo msebenzi wonke, phantsi kweNgqungquthela yesine ye-Geneva kunye nemithetho ekhoyo yemfazwe. 

Siyayigatya yonke isiseko sesi sifundo, ukuba imikhosi yase-US kufuneka iqhubeke nokuqhuba iziqhushumbisi zasezidolophini ezibulala amawakawaka abantu, kwaye ke kufuneka bafunde kula mava ukuze babulale kwaye bangxwelerha abantu abambalwa kwixesha elizayo xa betshabalalisa isixeko esifana neRaqqa. okanye Mosul.

Inyaniso embi emva koku kubulawa kwabantu base-US yeyokuba ukungohlwaywa kwamagosa aphezulu ase-US kunye namagosa asemkhosini awonwabele ubugebenga bemfazwe obudlulileyo babakhuthaze ukuba bakholelwe ukuba banokubaleka izixeko eziqhushumbisi eIraq naseSyria ukuba zibhubhise, ngokungenakuphepheka bebulala amashumi amawaka abantu. 

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku zibonakaliswe ukuba zilungile, kodwa ukudelela kwe-US umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokusilela koluntu lwehlabathi ukubamba i-United States ukuba iphendule kutshabalalisa "ucwangco olusekwe kwimithetho" yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe abathi iinkokeli zase-US kunye neNtshona zithi ziyawuxabisa. 

Njengoko sifuna ngokukhawuleza ukuba kupheliswe imfazwe, uxolo kunye nokuphendula kulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe e-Ukraine, kufuneka sithi "Ungaphindi!" kuqhushumbisi lwezixeko kunye neendawo zabahlali, nokuba kuseSyria, eUkraine, eYemen, eIran okanye naphi na kwenye indawo, nokuba umhlaseli yiRussia, eUnited States, kwaSirayeli okanye eSaudi Arabia.

Yaye asifanele silibale ukuba olona lwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe luphezulu yimfazwe ngokwayo, ulwaphulo-mthetho logonyamelo, kuba, njengoko abagwebi bavakalisayo eNuremberg, “ngaphakathi kwalo siqukumbele ububi obupheleleyo. Kulula ukukhomba abanye ngeminwe, kodwa asiyi kuyimisa imfazwe de sinyanzelise iinkokeli zethu ukuba ziphile ngomgaqo. ipelwe nguJustice weNkundla ePhakamileyo kunye nomtshutshisi waseNuremberg uRobert Jackson:

"Ukuba izenzo ezithile zokwaphula izivumelwano zizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho, zizenzo zolwaphulo-mthetho nokuba i-United States iyazenza okanye nokuba iJamani iyazenza, kwaye asilungele ukubeka umthetho wokuziphatha okubi kwabanye esingayi kuvuma ukucela. ngokuchasene nathi.

UMedea uBenjamin ungumcebisi CODEPINK yoxolo, kunye nombhali weencwadi ezininzi, kubandakanya Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Imbali Yembali kunye nezopolitiko zeRiphabhliki yase-Iran. 

UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimeleyo, umphandi nge-CODEPINK kunye nombhali we Igazi ezandleni zethu: Invasion yaseMelika kunye nokuTshatyalaliswa kwe-Iraq.