Florida Gunman Nikolas Cruz Knew Indlela yokusebenzisa i-Gun, Siyabonga kwi-NRA kunye ne-Army yase-US

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Yi le Intando yeninzi Ngoku!, democracynow.org, Ingxelo Yemfazwe Nezoxolo, kunye neCandelo 2 yengxoxo yethu malunga JROTC kunye nokudutshulwa okukhulu eFlorida. Ngelixa leveki eledlule iFlorida yesikolo sokudubula siye saqalisa ingxabano yesizwe ngezibhamu kunye negunya lokubamba iqela loMbutho weSizwe weRifle, kuncinci ukuhlawulwa kweminye imicimbi yokudubula. Umfoli waseFlorida, u-Nikolas Cruz oneminyaka eyi-19, wayelungu le-Army Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps program. Wayesembethe JROTC ihembe xa eqhuba ukubulawa kwabantu, ngokuzama ukudibanisa nabanye abafundi. I-Cruz yayiyinxalenye yomntu omine JROTC Iqela lezimpawu esikolweni elalifumene i-$ 10,000 ngemali evela kuyo NRA.

Siqhubeka nencoko yethu kunye noPat Elder, umlawuli weSizwe soBumbano ekukhuseleni Ubumfihlo beBafundi, iqela elijongene nempi kwizikolo. Nguye umbhali Ukuqashwa kwezempi eMelika.

Ngoko, okokuqala, Pat, sitshele indlela JROTC isebenza ezikolweni. Ngokomzekelo, zingaphi iintsana ezikolweni zaseMarjory Stoneham Douglas JROTC? Nguwuphi umyinge waseUnited States?

PAT ELDER: Ndazama ukufumana loo nkcazelo, u-Amy, kodwa ndiyazi ukuba zonke izikolo ezibambe-ezi JROTC iinkqubo kufuneka zibe neyona nto ubuncinci kubafundi be-100. Kwaye ukuba abanako ukugcina abafundi be-100 iminyaka emibini ngokulandelelana, ngoko ke kufuneka inkqubo ikhutshwe.

Ngoku, oku kuvelisa iphulo elichaphazelekayo elijongene nomkhankaso wokubambelela owawunikwe ngu- JROTC Umyalelo weCadet, ongazange uqondiswe kulawulo likarhulumente, kungekhona kwii-legislature zombuso, kodwa kunoko kwizikolo ezizimeleyo kunye neebhodi ze-school zezemfundo kunye nabaphathi be-superintendent. Ngokomzekelo, eFlorida, ngokuqinisekileyo yimeko enobungane kakhulu ngokwemfazwe yezikolo, imimiselo yaseFlorida ngoku ivumele umfundi othabatha iminyaka emine JROTC ukufaka indawo ye-biology, isayensi yemvelo, imfundo yemvelo nobungcali kulo mgaqo-nkqubo wezempi wokufundisa umkhosi. Kubuhlungu kakhulu.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Yima. Phinda oko.

PAT ELDER: Ndihlala ndicelwa ukuba ndiphinde oko. EFlorida, inxalenye yomthetho lowo umntwana uthatha iminyaka emine JROTC Inkqubo ayisayi kuthatha i-biology, isayensi yemvelo, imfundo yemvelo kunye nobugcisa. Ezi zikolo zine-credits zisetyenzisiweyo-ziyaneliswa ngokuthatha JROTC program.

Uyabona, emva koMntwana ongekho phantsi koMthetho, u-Amy, ezininzi iinkqubo zesikolo kulo lonke ilizwe zaba zizinzileyo kakhulu kwiintlobo zemali-mboleko kunye nenani labafundi beekhredithi iiyure ezifunekayo, kwaye JROTC inkqubo. Ngoko JROTC Inkqubo iye yalawula, kwiindawo ezininzi, ukuba ikwazi ukufaka indawo yemfundo yempilo kunye noRhulumente waseMerika kunye noluntu. Florida iyaqhubeka.

Kwaye kufuneka kuphawulwe kule ngqungquthela yokuba eFlorida bonke ootitshala abaqashiweyo kufuneka babe ne-BA degrees kwaye kufuneka banelise izikhokelo zokuqinisekisa iziqinisekiso zootitshala. Kwakhona kufuneka babe ne-degree degrees kwiminyaka embalwa. I JROTC abaqeqeshi beMikhosi akudingeki ukuba babe neyunivesithi. Ziphi iiyunivesithi? Ziphi iiyunivesithi kule nto?

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Abantwana abathathu, abathathu besikolo samabanga aphakamileyo ababulawa nguR Cruz, babefana naye JROTC. Ndifuna ukubuyela kuJillian Davis, owathi wayekho JROTC kunye nesibhamu sokudubula eFlorida, uNikolas Cruz, kwibakala lesithoba.

JILLIAN DAVIS: Ayikho into eqhelekileyo okanye engatshatanga kuyo JROTC. Ngokuqinisekileyo wayenento-nje nje into encinane malunga naye. Kodwa wonke umntu kwiprogram wayeyinto encinane nje, kodwa wayeyincinci encinane. Kwaye ndikhumbule nje ngokucacileyo ukuba wayenjani. Kodwa kwakulungile, ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi, ukuba wayenobundlobongela kwaye ethule yaye ehlazekile xa-

UMBUZI: Ndiyabona.

JILLIAN DAVIS: Xa wayenobundlobongela, kwakungafani naye. Kwakungekho umlingiswa wakhe.

UMBUZI: O nyhani? Cinga nje ukuba

JILLIAN DAVIS: Ubuntu obuhlukile.

UMBUZI: Ndiyabona.

JILLIAN DAVIS: Ngenxa yokuba wayethule kakhulu.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: I-Army inikezele iMedal of Heroism kwiintathu JROTC ama-cadets abafa eParkland, eFlorida, ukudubula: U-15 oneminyaka ubudala ubudala uPeter Wang kunye no-14 oneminyaka emibini ubudala, uMartin Duque no-Alaina Petty. Kuthiwa uWang wafa ngoxa ephethe umnyango ovulekile ukuze ancede abanye abafunda nabo babaleke. Pat Elder, ukuba unako ukuthetha ngabafundi abajoyina JROTC?

PAT ELDER: KULUNGILE. Ndiyabonga uAmy. Ewe, okokuqala, yintlekele eyingozi, kwaye ndibuhlungu gqitha ngale nto. Ndinike ixesha elide ebomini bam ukuzama ukuthatha izibhamu kulezi zandla zabantwana. Ngoku, uyandikhumbuza incwadi ebhalwe nguLieutenant Colonel David Grossman. Kubizwa Killology. Kwaye uxwebhu lwePaducah, eKentucky, ukudubula kwilayibrari yesikolo. Kubonakala ukuba kukho abantwana abasibhozo kumbuthano wokuthandaza, kwaye uMichael Carneal wangena kwithala leencwadi, kwaye wayenogqirha ngezithuba ezisibhozo, waza wamphosa umntwana ngamnye kwintloko. Kwaye uGrossman ubhekisela kuwo njengento "engummangaliso."

Kwaye ndizisa oko kuba-ngokuba i-Army isebenzisa imidlalo yevidiyo-ikhona Amandla aseMerika umdlalo wevidiyo-ukuze ufumane abantwana. Enye yemidlalo ethandwa kakhulu eMelika namhlanje, kwaye ikhuphela mahala. Lawa ngamanqaku omdlalo wokudubula. Kwaye ndikholelwa ngokukrakra ukuba ngumdlalo we-Army ukubeka iminwe emininzi malunga neendlela ezininzi ezinokubangela, nokuba zinokuthi zinyani okanye zinyani, ngokunokwenzeka. Ngoko, kwakhona, sinamawaka e-13-minyaka ubudala kwizikolo eziphakamileyo kuwo wonke amazwe aseMerika abafumana izixhobo ezibulalayo ukudubula kwizikolo zabo eziphakamileyo. Kwaye ukuba abayikudubula esikolweni sabo esiphakamileyo, baya kudubula kwiindawo zokudubula zorhwebo ezigcwele uthuli kwaye ziqhutywe yiNkqubo yoLuntu kunye noMbutho weSizwe weRifle. Yona nkqubo kufuneka imiswe.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngoko ke, ndifuna ukuthetha ngakumbi ngale nto, kwaye sixoxa ngale nto Icandelo 1, ubudlelwane phakathi NRA kunye neeprogram zokumakisha, eziyi-subset JROTC, kunene? Ndiyathetha, unayo uNikolas Cruz, owayengomnye weqela elinesine leli phulo lokumakisha. Omnye wabanye abafundi wathi wayedutshulwa kakhulu.

PAT ELDER: Kuhle kakhulu. Ewe, ndicinga ukuba ingqalelo engakumbi kufuneka inikwe ummeli we-NRA kukho konke oku, kwaye yiyo iProgram ye-Civil Marksmanship Programme, okanye CMP. Ngoku, i CMP i-Anniston, Alabama. Ngokungafani namanye amazwe ehlabathini jikelele ukuba achithe ngobuqili izixhobo zabo zasemkhosini ezishiye umhlalaphantsi, iProgram Marksmanship Programme ibuye ibuyele kubantu baseMerika. Ngoko oko iArmir yenzayo i-Army inikezela, njengezipho, kwi-Programme ye-Civilian Marksmanship Programme eyenziwa yimikhosi kunye namaphonkco ngoku, kwaye ezo zithengiswa. Ngoko ke, iNkqubo yeMpawu zoLuntu iphethe i-$ 160 yezigidi. Liziko elizimeleyo. Yaye ichithwe yiCongress ukuthengisa izinto eziphinda zithengiswa kwakhona okanye izixhobo zakwa-Army kwi-Amerika yaseburhulumenteni ngamaxabiso ahlawulelwe.

Le ntlangano, iNkqubo yeMpawu zoLuntu, ilawula iinkqubo zokudubula ezikolweni. Yiyo leyo ekufuneka imise imimiselo malunga nokuqhuma kwezixhobo, iinkqubo zokukhusela kunye nomba malunga nokukhokela. Iprogram yeMpawu zoLuntu eMzantsi Koloni ihlaselwa phantsi kwaye ilandela i-suit NRA ekumangaleleni ukuba oko akukukhathazi ngokwenene kwaye akukho nxaki ekukhokelayo kwi-floor kunye nokukhokela emoyeni.

Ngoko ke, yiProgram yezoPhicotho zeMpawu eziyinkqubo yombutho we-National Rifle Association. Kwaye ingqalelo ngakumbi kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiNkqubo yeMpawu zoLuntu. Ukuba uya kuloo nto website, unokuya kwikhamera yeclub, kwaye unokuyilanda kwi-club tracker yonke JROTC iinkqubo ezinamaphulo amanqaku kulo lonke elaseUnited States.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Yaye uthetha ngakumbi malunga nokukhokela.

PAT ELDER: Ekubeni, siyabonga, uAmy, kuba bekujoliswe kuyo. Ndiyicinga ukuba le ngxaki imele ihlaziywe. Ewe, xa umntu ekhupha i-pellet ekhokelela kuyo ibhunqa, ikhupha yonke into ehamba phambili ehamba phambili. Kwaye ke, okukhokelela, ezi ngqungquthela zincinci zivuthela emoyeni. Kwaye, ke, iinkqubo zokuphucula umoya ezikolweni eziphakamileyo azisetyenziswanga ukunyamekela loo moya. Kwaye ke kuxhomekeke kwindlela ephilileyo inkqubo yokuphuphuma umoya. Kwezinye iimeko, iphosa ebusweni babantwana. Ukhokelo lubuthelela ekupheleni kombhobho, kumgangatho, kwaye ukhokelo luhlanganiswa kwi-target backpop.

Kwaye kunye neProgram yezoPhicotho zeMpawu zipapashile izikhokelo ezinzulu kakhulu, ezikhokelwa kakhulu kwizikolo kulo lonke ilizwe. Enyanisweni, kukho iifoto, ezipapashwe kuthi website, ukusuka kuFlint, eMichigan, ngokwenene ibonisa abantwana behamba ukusuka kumgca wokudubula ukuya kutsho. Kwaye ndinemividiyo emininzi, ebonisa ukuba, ukusuka nje kwi-YouTube-ayithathi nto yokukhuphela ezi zinto-ezibonisa ngokucacileyo abantwana basesikolweni esiphakamileyo kwimithetho eqinile. Kwaye xa behamba ngaphantsi kwendawo yokuzivocavoca okanye ngaphantsi komgangatho wokutya, babeka-bajonga ukukhokela kwezicathulo zabo, ezandleni zabo, ezinyaweni zabo, kwiingubo zabo, nakwezinye izakhiwo. Kwaye sinezifundo, ngamacandelo amaziko eSweden naseJamani, abonisa ukudibanisa ngokucacileyo phakathi kokudubula kuphela okuphambili kwamapelisi kunye namanqanaba aphakamileyo egazi.

Okwangoku, iNkqubo yeMpawu zoLuntu ixelela ukuba kuhle kwaye konke okufuneka uyenze ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantwana abadli ngexesha elinye kwaye bahlamba izandla. Ngelo xesha, NIOSH usitshela ukuba ukuhlamba izandla akukwanele ukuze uhlambulule i-residu ekhokelayo. Iprogram yeMpawu zoLuntu ikwazisa izikolo ukuba zisebenzise i-trisodium phosphate ukuze ihlambulule indawo yokuzivocavoca kunye neefestile emva kokudubula. Oku kungenziwa nje. Kwaye kufuneka kuthethwe kwakhona, oko TSP i-carcinogen kwaye iyingozi kakhulu kwimeko.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kwaye ukuba ungaphinda uthi kwakhona, uPat, ogcina imali CMP, iNkqubo yeMpawu zoLuntu? Kwaye ke, nazo zonke-JROTC, CMP, ukubandakanyeka kwe-NRA-ngubani obiza iifotshane, oko kuthetha, esikolweni?

PAT ELDER: Ndiyifumene.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Inxaxheba yintoni inqununu?

PAT ELDER: Kulungile, mbulela ngalo mbuzo. Imbali yeProgram ye-Civil Marksmanship History iyamthakazelisa, u-Amy. Ihamba yonke indlela eya kwi-1903. Kukhona i memos ekhutshwa yiMpi phambi kwelo xesha-yabonisa ukuba i-Army yayimangalisa kakhulu, kuba yayicinga ukuba amantombazana aseMerika awalwe kwiMfazwe yaseMerika yaseMelika yayiba ngabadlali abangcono. Kwaye ke, iNkcazo yalela ukuba kusetyenziswe iNkqubo yoLwazi lweMpawu zoLuntu ukuqeqesha amakhulu amawaka wabantwana ekuhlaseleni izixhobo, ngokokuba, xa kukho enye imfazwe, amaMerika aya kuba ngcono ukuqeqeshwa ukudubula. Kuhle kakhulu.

Ku-1996, kukho ubungqina benkquthela ngoPaul Simon noFrank Lautenberg, amabini amaqhawe amakhulu, CMP "i-boondoggle" kunye "nesipho ku NRA. "Nguwo lowo unyaka lowo CMP Kwakungekho eyengalo yeCongress. Kwakungekho liqela lombutho, kwaye endaweni yalo yaba yinkampani yabucala. Kwaye kunjalo, uye wakwazi ukubhalisa i-$ 160 yezigidi kwiibhanki ezifihliweyo ngasese ngokuthengisa izixhobo zokulwa ezilahlayo.

Ngoku, kwingxenye elandelayo yombuzo wakho, izikolo ezizimeleyo ziqhutywa ziinqununu. Iinqununu ezikolweni ekugqibeleni zilawula oko kwenzekayo. Ziyamangalisa-zinenkululeko emangalisayo kunye nenqabileyo ezikolweni zazo. Kodwa le nkqubo ngokwayo iqhutywa yisebe ngalinye lempi. Ngoko ke, ukuba unenkqubo ye-Marine Corps, ke unayo iincwadi zeencwadi eziMarine Corps ezihlukeneyo, kubafundi abatsha, abatshabalalayo, abancinci nabadala. Yonke inthanethi. Kwaye abantwana bafundiswa imbali evela kwi-Marine Corps. Kwaye kukho amabali ngoku avumelekileyo lolu hlobo lwekharityhulam ukuba lithathe indawo yecandelo lekharityhulam eliqhelekileyo.

Ngoko, ukuba uphendule umbuzo wakho, ngokubhekiselele ekukhokeleni kwizikolo, uMgaqo-nkqubo woMgaqo-nkqubo uLawula. Ummeli ngamnye weMpi ngumntu otyunjwe ngokusemthethweni, nangona umbuzo, u-Amy: Ngaba ngokwenene sineengxaki zokuthatha amajoni ezikolo? Uyazi, ngoko ke uxanduva lukwabelwana ngolunye uhlobo. Kodwa ngokusemthethweni, yinqununu ngubani ophethe izikolo. Bahlamba izandla zabo nje.

Yinto efanayo nokuvavanywa komkhosi. Sinabantwana be-700,000 kulo lonke ilizwe kwizikolo ze-14,000 ezithatha oku ASVAB ukuvavanya, kwaye yonke ingcaciso iya kunikwa abaqeshisi bempi-iiyure ezine zokuvavanya, iinombolo zoKhuseleko loLuntu-ngokuphula imithetho yelizwe kunye nemithetho yomthetho, kunye nolwazi lwentlalo. Kwaye luvavanyo lomkhosi olunikezwayo. Kwaye ukwenza i ngongoma ngokukhawuleza kunokwenzeka, iinqununu zivumela le nkcazelo ukuba iye emkhosini, iphule amalungelo angasese. Kwaye imikhosi iqokelela ulwazi ngqo kubantwana. Umbuso waseMaldan kunye ne-New Hampshire ineemithetho, kwaye loo mithetho ithi ngokusemthethweni impi ayikwazi ukuthatha loo nkcazelo ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali. Sinezikolo ezingaphezu kwewaka, u-Amy, ofuna abafundi ukuba bathathe uvavanyo lokubhalisa umkhosi, kwaye yonke ingcaciso inikwe umama kunye nobaba-banikezelwa abaqashi ngaphandle komama nobaba bazi. Kwaye kwaphula FERPA, okuyiNkundla yamaLungelo eMfundo kunye noBucala.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngoko, ingaqhubeka njani, ukuba iphula umthetho waseMerika?

PAT ELDER: Yintoni enokuyenza ngayo ephula imithetho ye-United States? Ulawulo lweTrump luqhubeka njani ngaphandle kokuphula imithetho ye-United States? Kwakhona, iphula imithetho ye-United States. Ndiyakwazi ukukuxelela, ndikhangela intloko yam phezulu malunga ne-15 iminyaka kule ngxaki.

Kwaye siye safumana ingxube e-Maryland naseburhulumenteni baseNew Hampshire. Kwaye ndimele ndithethe ngelizwe laseHawaii. Saya kubaphathi besikolo, kwaye siye kwii-legislators, kwaye sathi, "Hayi, unomthetho kwilizwe lakho elithi unokunyanzelisa umntwana ukuba asayine inombolo yeNgcaciso yeNtlalo. Awuyikunyanzelisa umntwana ukuba anike ulwazi lwemibala okanye iirekhodi zabafundi, ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali. Ukunyuka kwezempi kwindawo yokutya kunye nokuvavanya aba bantwana. Ucinga ntoni ngaleyo nto? "Kwaye kunye nama-legislators kulawo mathathu amazwe avumelana nathi kwaye adlulisa umthetho. Sineendawo ze-47 zokuya.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ndandifuna ukubuyela kwingxelo kaNikolas Cruz kunye nendlela enokunikezelwa ngayo isibhamu esikolweni, nangona ungavunyelwa ukuthatha isibhamu kwisikolo. Ubungqina obuninzi luye lwabonisa ukuba i-Florida schoolman gunman u-Nikolas Cruz wabelana ngesimo esifanayo nabanye abantu abaninzi abaye baphumelela ukudubula ngokubanzi: Ubenomlando wokuxhaphaza nokusongela abafazi. Omnye umfundi waxelela The New York Times U-Cruz wayexhaphaza kumfazi wakhe wokuqala. Omnye umfundi waxelela The New York Times wayekade engumhlobo osondeleyo kunye noCroz kodwa wamnqumla emva kokuba eqale emva kokusongela umngane wakhe wesibini. Kwaye The New York Times Waphinda wacaphuna umntu esithi ulandele umfundi wezinga eliphezulu ukuya kwindawo yokumtshintsha.

Ubeka oko kunye neengxelo zokuba kwiminyaka yokugqibela amapolisa aye kwikhaya likaVroz into efana nexesha le-39 ukujongana nemicimbi yobundlobongela basekhaya kunye neminye imiba. Unommelwane ubonisa ividiyo yeCroz ukufaka isibhamu kwindawo yakhe yangasemva. Ndiyathetha, ngokucacileyo, isikolo-unabo bonke abantwana, njengoEmma Gonzalez, owaziwa kakuhle ngokuthetha ngentliziyo ngenxa yokulawulwa kwesibhamu, esithi, "Sazi ngokusuka endleleni." Wathi ke, "Musa xelela ukuba simele sixelele abantu. Saxelela abantu ngeCroz. "Yaye yathi," Ukuba ubuya kubuza, uyazi, ngubani na umqhubi wesibindi, asiyi kumangaliswa, "watsho.

Kodwa kuthekani ngoku, xa kuziwa kuNikolas Cruz ukuba ilungu linye kuphela JROTC kodwa kunye neqela leempawu esikolweni, efundiswa ukuba yiplani engcono?

PAT ELDER: Kunene. Ewe, u-Amy, kufuneka sibuyele emva kancinci ukuze sifumane umfanekiso ocacileyo we-United States Military Entrance Processing Command. Leyo yinkampani karhulumente emva kwezi zikizi. Kufuneka ukwazi ukuba i-40 ekhulwini yabo bonke abatsha abaqeshwayo abagqibeli ikhefu yokuqala. Ndimele ndiphinda kwakhona: I-40 ipesenti yabasebenzi abatsha abagqibeli ikhefu yokuqala. Kwaye phakathi kwexesha ukusuka kwi-2008 ukuya kwi-2014, sasinabantu base-20,000-amasosha ase-20,000 aya AWOL. Uyazi, umkhosi ungabalandeli. Kwaye xa bekwenza, la majoni afumana i-slap kwisikristsi. Kungenxa yokuba kulula kakhulu ukuya kumaziko asezidolophini eziphukileyo kunye nezikolo eziphakamileyo kwiRust Belt kwaye uxhoma kunye nezingane kwiindawo zokutya kunye nokudibanisa nabantwana kwindawo yokupaka, ukuze uzame ukuba bajoyine. Kwaye ke, impendulo yam apha kukuba sinamawaka kunye namawaka abantwana abaxutywayo. Akuyena amandla okuzithandela, u-Amy. Ngamandla aqeshwe. Kwaye ixesha lokuba abantu baqonde indlela ephosakeleyo ngayo.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngaba unokuthetha ngokubaluleka kwelizwe laseFlorida kunye nendlela evelele ngayo yonke JROTC inkqubo?

PAT ELDER: Ndinga. Ndiyakwazi ukukuxelela ukuba, njengoko ndithe ndatsho ngaphambili, ngokukhawuleza kwikharityhulam, kuyathandwa kakhulu. Kunzima kakhulu, u-Amy, ukufumana izibalo kwi JROTC inkqubo. Ngoku, ndinayo, iminyaka yokugqibela ye-10, iceliwe FOIA ulwazi, kwaye walwamkela, ekuhlolweni komkhosi. Asinalo lwazi kwi JROTC inkqubo. Ngoko, andinayo. Ndifanele-kufuneka kucelwe, kwaye yinkqubo ende yokuqalisa ukufumana loo ngcaciso.

Sinamanani amaninzi. Siyazi ukuba kukho izikolo ze-3,300 kulo lonke ilizwe, ngoko sinokuyifumanisa loo nto ukuba sibone ukuba zingaphi iFlorida. Sineenkcukacha kwi-Army, kodwa asinayo idatha kwezinye iisebe ezintathu. Kodwa iFlorida iyakubonwa ngumkhosi. Ukukunika isampula, sinesikolo esixhenxe sasezidolophini eMijami, isixeko, kwaye abantwana bezo zikolo bafunwa ukuba bahlale kwindawo yokuhlolwa komkhosi. Zonke ezo zikolo zazinabantu abangaphantsi kweepesenti ze-95. Enye into apha. Kukho icandelo lobuhlanga kulo, kummandla wokuvavanya umkhosi. Kodwa kukho iiprogram zokuvavanya. Masithi isikolo sifuna ukunceda abantwana balungiselele SAT okanye UMTHETHO iimvavanyo. Umkhosi unempendulo yaloo nto. Kubizwa ngokuba yi-March 2 Impumelelo. Umkhosi uqala iinkqubo zokuqasha eFlorida nakwezinye iindawo zintsebenziswano yokwakha i-Lego, ukuqala-kwinqanaba lesithathu. Ngoko ke, kukho, kwakhona, iinkqubo eziliqela ezili-12 zemikhosi, ezisebenza kuzo zonke izikolo zaseFlorida kunye nazo zonke izikolo ezikwilizwe.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngoku, cacisa uhlanga oluthile, Pat.

PAT ELDER: Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ewe, iminyaka eyisibhozo eyadlulayo, ndabhalela umthetho kummandla waseMaldan, kwaye ndaya kwi NAACP umlawuli, uElbridge James. U-Elbrige ngumntu olungileyo. Kwaye ke, wathi, u-uyazi, ndambuza, "Ngaba unokuba ubungqina kwiMaryland malunga nokuvavanywa komkhosi?" Wathi, "Makhe ndibone i-database apho." Yaye, uyazi, ndamnika ispredishithi kunye nezikolo ze-150 kuwo, amagama ezikolo. Wayekhangela malunga nemizuzu eyi-30, u-Amy, kwaye wathi, "Ndiya kufakazela." Ndathi, "Kwakunokukhawuleza, uElbridge." Wachaza ukuba akazange abone uWalt Whitman ePotomac. Akazange abone iChurchill eBethesda. Akazange abone izikolo ezimhlophe ezimhlophe ezimelelwe kuloluhlu. Kwaye akunjalo. Uyazi, baya kuBrown. Baya eC Cornell. Abaya kwi-Army. Abangabhalisi. Ukuba baya kwi-Army, baya njengezikhulu. Ngoko ke, kukho inxalenye yobuhlanga ukuvavanywa kwempi, njengoko kukho-kungekhona nje ubuhlanga, okwenene. Yinto yezoqoqosho.

Ngoko, sikwazi ukubona ngokucacileyo, kunye nedatha esiyiyo yokuvavanywa komkhosi. Sifumane nje ukufumana idatha kwimikhosi yesonto eledlule. Ulawulo lweTrump ludonsa iinyawo zalo. Ngoko ke, sinayo idatha entsha, kwaye ndiya kuba newebhusayithi yethu, UmfundiPrivacy.org, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. I xelela kakhulu. Unokukrazula ilizwe lakho kwaye ubone amaqela ezingane ezivavanywa ngumkhosi. Kwaye ungabiza inqununu yakho kwaye umbuze ukuba yintoni na ukuba uthi, kwi-database-abantwana abafunwa ukuba bathathe uvavanyo-abantwana be-180 bayithatha. Kwaye ungababuza, "Kwenzeka njani kwihlabathi ngokuzithandela abantwana bakwa-180, abadala, ukuya kwindawo yokutya ukuze bathathe i-yure yeeyure ezine?"

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Pat, wafumana njani unomdla kule nto? Iyiphi imvelaphi yakho?

PAT ELDER: Ewe, xa ndandineminyaka eli-16, iUnited States yangena eKhambodiya, ndaza ndaya eWhite House, ndaza ndacelwa ukuba ndisuke embindini wangaphambili weLafayette Park, yaye andizange ndenjenjalo, ndaza ndabanjwa. Kwaye yayisiqalo sobutsha bam. Andikwazi tu ukuthula. Kwaye ndaye ndaba lilungu lomzabalazo ukusukela ngoko. Kwasekuqaleni, gosh, '01, ndacwangcisa imiboniso eWashington kunye noManyano loXolo noBulungisa kunye ne-DC Anti-War Network, endayisungulayo. Kwaye, uyazi, ndifike kwinqanaba, malunga no-2004, 2005, ukuba sinako-sinokubeka i-300,000 okanye i-400,000 yabantu kwisitalato, u-Amy. Zizinto eziyintloko ngokwenene. Kodwa ayitshintshanga imigaqo-nkqubo yolawulo lukaBush.

Kwaye ndadibana noRick Jahnkow. Unayo iprojekthi YANO eSan Diego. Kwaye iSan Diego yinto eninzi idolophu yempi. Loo mntu kunye naloo qela wakwazi ukuthatha zonke izibhamu ngaphandle JROTC Inkqubo kwisixeko saseSan Diego. Ngoko iSan Diego ayinayo inkqubo yokumakisha. Oko kufezekiswe. Iprojekthi YANO yintlangano emangalisayo, kwaye kuyindawo yokuya kufunda malunga nale ngxaki, kunye NNOMY, yiNational Network ekuchaseni iMilitary Youth, kunye newebhusayithi yam, iwebhusayithi yethu, UmfundiPrivacy.org.

Ngoko, kum, kwakuyinto ekhulayo. Ndabona ukuba nayiphi na inguqulelo yothando, imfesane, ingqalelo, kufuneka iqhube ezikolweni, u-Amy. Kufuneka. Kwaye ke kufuneka sijonge kwiprogram yesithathu yesigaba esisebenza ngumkhosi, kwaye kufuneka sijonge inkqubo ye-Young Marines, enabantwana njengabancinane kwibakala lesithathu, kwaye kufuneka siyilwe. Sidinga ukujongana nayo. Sidinga ukuphuma, kuba le nxalenye yenguqulelo. Kuya kuthatha isizukulwana sexesha.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Yaye kunye neTrump enkulu yokuzama ukubeka inani elikhulu lemithombo emkhosini-kwaye yinto esingakaze siyibone ngaphambili, njengoko ezama ukunyusa imali-mali iya kuthintela njani iinkqubo othetha ngazo ezikolweni?

PAT ELDER: Ewe, yinto ebomvu, u-Amy. Okwangoku, ndicinga ukuba uMyalelo wokuRoba uhlala usemalunga akwa-8,000 mfutshane. Akuyonto into oyibonayo CNN, uyazi. Akuyonto into oye wahlangabezana nayo MSNBC. Yiyo-iba neengxaki zeengxaki.

Kwaye, uyazi, ndasebenza kakhulu nabantwana base-London e-London, kwaye ndasebenza kunye nabantu baseGeneva malunga neprotocol ekhethiweyo yabantwana kwimpi. Kwaye bathabatha imimiselo emibini endiyibhalileyo, kwaye ndayifaka kwimpendulo yabo kulawulo luka-Obama, kwaye ngoku ngoku inxalenye yerekodi kawonkewonke. Kubonakala ukuba abantu baseGenva babeziva ukuba ukuvavanywa kwezempi kunye JROTC Inkqubo ibini iphula le protocol. Baphula umthetho we-protocol kuba iCandelo 3 yeprotocol yokuzikhethela yabantwana kwimpikiswano echazwe ngokuthe ngqo ithi ukuqeshwa abantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka yobudala be-18 kufuneka kwenziwe ngoko ngoqinisekiso olupheleleyo lwabazali. Akunjalo, eUnited States of America. Kwaye ulawulo luka-Obama, phantsi koNobhala uClinton, lwaluthi akukho bantwana abafunekayo ukuvavanya impi kwaye ukuba JROTC Inkqubo ayinyanzelanga abantwana okanye izame ukufumana abantwana ngaphandle kwemvume yabazali.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: I $ 10,000 okholelwa ukuba uye esikolweni esiphakamileyo saseParkland yayisezixhobo zokusebenza?

PAT ELDER: Kuchanekile. Ngokuqhelekileyo, uya kuba-izikolo ziya kuqhagamshelana nazo NRA, kwaye i NRA ineprogram enamandla kakhulu yokunika izibonelelo. Kufana nohlobo lwee-Cool Cool Camel iintengiso ezijolise ulutsha. Uhlobo olufanayo lwenkqubo. Bayaqonda ukuba ukuba bangaqala ukubeka-ukuxhuma abantwana kunye nezibhamu ngexesha le-13 kwizikolo eziphakamileyo, isiphakamiso sokuphumelela kubo nakubathengisi bezixhobo. Kwaye ke, uyazi, uyabona ukuba yinto ekhohlakeleyo, kwaye kubonakala ngathi, ukuhamba okufutshane, nokuba kunjalo, kude kube lula abantu abaninzi ukuba iimfazwe ziqala kwii-cafeteria zasesikolweni esiphakeme, iimfazwe ziqala kwiindawo zokupaka ezikolweni eziphakamileyo. , apho abaqashi bavunyelwa ukukhupha nge-13 ubudala.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kwaye ingxaki yentsana enjengeNikolas Cruz, ocacileyo wayenomdla wokuxhatshazwa, ukuxhaphazwa kunye nogonyamelo kwabanye, ukwazi ukufumana isibhamu nokufunda ukuba ngummangali esikolweni?

PAT ELDER: Ewe, kubi ngakumbi kunoko. I-Army yaseUnited States ibeka isikhali esibulalayo kwisandla somntwana xa esesibeni lesithoba, njengokuba kunjalo nakwiiwaka zabanye kulo lonke ilizwe. Ngoku, mhlawumbi wayeyingozi kakhulu, kodwa kuninzi ulutsha olungazinzileyo kwi-17 kunye ne-18 olawula ukujoyina umkhosi. Kwaye abazali bahlala bekulungele ukuvumela abantwana babo ukuba bajoyine kwi-17. Ipesenti ezilishumi zamagumbi aqeshwe e-United States of America yi-17. Zizo phezulu OECD, kwiYurophu nakwihlabathi eliphuhlisiweyo. Ngoko, kuyinto ekhohlakeleyo.

Kodwa ebuyela eNikolas Cruz, ngaba wayenokuba yindoda elungileyo? Mhlawumbi. Mhlawumbi ukuba wajoyina, kwaye mhlawumbi ukuba wayesezikhundleni kwaye waqeqeshwa yiMarines okanye i-Army, mhlawumbi wayebe nejoni elihle kakhulu, ngokulinganisela kwabo.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngaba uyazi ngokucacileyo malunga necala likaNikolas Cruz kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kuye JROTC kwaye CMP kunye nenkqubo yokumakisha esikolweni esiphakamileyo saseParkland?

PAT ELDER: Hayi, andiyi. Uyazi, andiyazi into engaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye into, ehlangene kwimithombo eyahlukeneyo, u-Amy. Ndiyazi uhlobo.

Kwaye ndiyakwazi ukuxelela nawe, ukuba ndibizwe ngamamazana amaninzi kulo lonke ilizwe. Kuhlala kunjalo oomama, u-Amy, kunqabile ooyise. Kwaye baya kundibiza. Bandifumana. Kwaye baya kuthi, "Umntwana udlala ibhasikidi enye kunye nomqashi. Kwaye u dyslexic, kwaye yena ADHD, kwaye unengxaki yokukhathazeka. Oku akunakwenzeka, uPat. Yintoni esinokuyenza malunga nayo? "Kwaye ndithi," Ewe, unokuthetha nenqununu yakho. Unokuthetha nomntwana wakho. Kodwa xa i-18 yomntwana kwaye isayina, akukho nto umama onokuyenza ngayo. "Ngoko ke, ngokuphindaphindiweyo ndiya kuba neengxoxo ezidlulileyo, le mixokelelwano ye-imeyile eyongeziweyo, kunye namakhulu omama, ngokoqobo, abaxhamla nje ngokuba babone abantwana babo ukuya empini, abantwana abayaziyo abayi kuhlala. Kwaye ke ubuyela kwisigqibo sam sokuqala sokuba i-40 ekhulwini yabasebenzi abatsha abayikudlula umnyaka wabo wokuqala.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Yaye i-US iqhathanisa njani kulolu hlobo lwenkqubo yabantwana, le nkqubo yezempi, kwamanye amazwe?

PAT ELDER: Ewe, ndiyathetha, akukho mntu-ngolwazi lwam, amaYurophu akavumeli abaqashi ukuba baye ezikolweni. Uyazi, ziyagubha iintloko. Akunakukholwa. Bambona njengoluhlobo oluthile lwe-Wild West. Singo. Ngoko, sodwa phakathi kwamazwe ehlabathini. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba xa ukhangeleka kwakhona, kwiNgqungquthela yokunyanzelisa ukuba sibuyele kwakhona, ukuba sithengise ngokutsha izixhobo zokulwa, kuquka iM1911-i-M1911 ingalo yangasese eVietnam. I-pistol ye-semiautomatic. Kwaye ke, umgaqo-rhu lumente waseUnited States kukuba kunokuba utshabalalise izi pistoli ezizenzekelayo, kuya kuba ngcono ukuzithengisa amaxabiso athatyathwayo kuluntu lwaseMerika. Yiyo indima yeCongress kunye neProgram yezoPhicotho zeMpawu. Yileyo ndlela andiphendula ngayo.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kwaye zingaphi izikolo ezithi cha? Ndiyathetha, kwaye emva koko ndibuyele kwixesha leMfazwe yaseVietnam, i-activism ejikeleze ukukhaba ROTC ziphuma ezikolweni. Kwaye kwenzeka ntoni namhlanje?

PAT ELDER: Kubuhlungu. Ndiyathetha, kukho kakhulu, inkulu kakhulu. Kukho ukungqinanga kakhulu. Ngokukodwa, abantwana banamathele. Kwaye inxalenye enkulu, abantwana abasesikolweni esiphakeme bembethe oku JROTC iifom yeifom zihlonishwa kakhulu ngabanye abafundi. Bembatha i-uniform yemikhosi, kwaye abantwana bafanelekile ukuba babingelela baze bahloniphe, kuba, emva koko, sisekela imikhosi yethu, akunjalo?

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: UPeter Wang, umfundi owayebonakala ezama ukunceda abanye abafundi, wayegqoke umfaniswano opheleleyo xa ehlaselwa.

PAT ELDER: Ndiyaqonda ukuba i-Army iyinika inhlonipho epheleleyo. Ngoko lo ngumnye umzekelo wobutsha bobutsha. Baya kumphatha njengejoni elizeleyo ekungcwabeni kwakhe. Kubuhlungu. Ndibuhlungu. Lawa mawundlu. Kodwa inkqubo kufuneka ikhutshwe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ngokukodwa iprogram yokwenza amanqaku.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Kaloku, Pat Elder, sifuna ukunibonga ngokuba kunye nathi, umlawuli weSizwe soBumbano ekukhuseleni Ubumfihlo bemifundi, inhlangano ehambelana nobukhosi kwizikolo, umbhali Ukuqashwa kwezempi eMelika. Siza kudibanisa Qhekeza ukuba ubhala nje, "JROTC, UkuHlalwa kweMikhosi yamaMkhosi kunye nokuQeqesha iiMass Kills. "

Yi le Intando yeninzi Ngoku! NdinguAmy Goodman. Siyabonga ngokujoyina nathi. Ukuba ungathanda ukuya Icandelo 1 kwingxoxo yethu kunye nePat Eld, ungaya kwi-democracynow.org.