NguDaniel Hale, Ubungqina beShadow, Julayi 26, 2021
Njengokuba uMongameli uJoe Biden ehlasela ukubandakanyeka komkhosi wase-US e-Afghanistan, ungquzulwano oluthabathe phantse iminyaka engama-20, njengoko uMongameli uJoe Biden ehlasela ukubandakanyeka komkhosi wase-United States e-Afghanistan, ungquzulwano oluthathe phantse iminyaka engama-20, iSebe lezoBulungisa lase-US lifuna esona sigwebo siqatha yokwazisa okungagunyaziswanga kolwazi kwimeko echasene negqala lomlo wase-Afghanistan.
UDaniel Hale, "owamkela uxanduva" ngokwaphula umthetho we-Espionage Act, waphendula ngokuchasa abatshutshisi ngokuthumela ileta kuJaji Liam O'Grady, umgwebi wenkundla yesithili kwi-Eastern District yaseVirginia. Inokuthathwa njengesibongozo senceba evela kwinkundla ngaphambi kokugwetywa, kodwa ngaphezulu kwayo nantoni na, ichaza ukuzithethelela kwezenzo zakhe urhulumente wase-US kunye nenkundla yase-US ngekhe bamvumele ukuba eze phambi kwejaji.
Kwileta efakwe enkundleni ngoJulayi 22, uHale uthetha ngomzabalazo wakhe woxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo (PTSD). Ukhumbula ukubethwa kwe-drone yase-US ukususwa kwakhe e-Afghanistan. Ubambana nokubuyela kwakhe ekhaya evela emfazweni e-Afghanistan kunye nezigqibo ekufuneka ezenzile ukuze aqhubeke nobomi. Wayefuna imali kwikholeji, kwaye ekugqibeleni wathatha umsebenzi kwikontraka yokhuselo, eyamkhokelela ekubeni asebenzele i-Arhente yeSizwe yezeNkcubeko yezeNkcubeko (NGA).
"Ukushiyeka ndithathe isigqibo sokuba ndithathe amanyathelo," ukhumbula uHale, "bendinokwenza kuphela into ebendifanele ukuyenza phambi koThixo nesazela sam. Impendulo yeza kum, ithi, ukunqanda umjikelo wobundlobongela, kufuneka ndincame ubomi bam hayi obomnye umntu. ” Ke, waqhagamshelana nentatheli awayenxibelelana nayo ngaphambili.
U-Hale kulindeleke ukuba agwetywe nge-27 kaJulayi. Wayeyinxalenye yenkqubo ye-drone kwi-US Air Force kwaye kamva wasebenza kwi-NGA. Wathembisa ityala nge-31 ka-Matshi kwityala elinye lokophula i-Espionage Act, xa wayenikezela ngamaxwebhu kwi-Intercept co-founder uJeremy Scahill kwaye engaziwa wabhala isahluko kwincwadi ka-Scahill, Indawo yokubulala abantu: Ngaphakathi kwinkqubo kaRhulumente yeMfihlo yeDrone Warfare.
Wasiwa eluvalelweni wathunyelwa kwiZiko lokuGcina uWilliam G. Truesdale eAlexandria, eVirginia, nge-28 ka-Epreli. Ingcali yezonyango kunye neenkonzo zoluleko egama linguMichael yaphula imfihlo yesigulana kwaye yabelana ngeenkcukacha nenkundla ezinxulumene nempilo yengqondo.
Uluntu luve ngoHale eSonia Kennebeck INdiza yeSizwe Uxwebhu, olwakhutshwa ngo-2016. Inqaku ishicilelwe kwiNew York Magazine nguKerry Howley wacaphula uHale wathetha kakhulu ngebali lakhe. Kodwa eli lithuba lokuqala abezindaba kunye noluntu bebenalo okoko wabanjwa kwaye wavalelwa ejele ukuze afunde izimvo zikaHale ezingafakwanga kulwazi awayelwenzile ukuveza ubunyani bemfazwe yedrone.
Apha ngezantsi kukho okubhaliweyo okuhlelwe kancinci ukuze kufundeke, nangona kunjalo, akukho namnye umxholo otshintshiwe nangayiphi na indlela, imilo, okanye ifom.
I-TRANSCRIPT
Jaji Othandekayo O'Grady:
Ayisiyomfihlo into yokuba ndisokola ukuhlala noxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo. Zombini zivela kumava am ebuntwaneni ndikhulela kwindawo yasezilalini esezintabeni kwaye zadityaniswa kukuvezwa ngumlo ngexesha leenkonzo zomkhosi. Uxinzelelo yinto ehlala ihleli. Nangona uxinzelelo, ngakumbi uxinzelelo olubangelwa yimfazwe, lunokuzibonakalisa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo nangeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu ezide zomntu ophethwe yi-PTSD kunye noxinzelelo zihlala zijongwa ngaphandle kwaye ziyaziwa jikelele. Imigca enzima malunga nobuso nomhlathi. Amehlo akhe akhanya kwaye abanzi, ngoku anzulu kwaye esoyika. Kwaye ukuphulukana nomdla ngesiquphe komdla kwizinto ezazidla ngokuvuyisa uvuyo.
Olu lutshintsho oluphawulekayo kwindlela endiziphethe ngayo ephawulwa ngabo babendazi ngaphambi nasemva kokuya emkhosini. [Elokuba] ixesha lobomi bam endilichithe ndisebenza eMkhosini woMoya waseUnited States lalinombono kum liza kuba yinto engeyiyo. Kuchanekile ngakumbi ukutsho ukuba kuguqulwe ngokungenachaphaza isazisi sam njengoMerika. Ukuba nditshintshe ngonaphakade intambo yebali lobomi bam, ndaluka kwimbali yesizwe sethu. Ukukuqonda ngcono ukubaluleka kokuba yenzeke njani le nto, ndingathanda ukucacisa amava am athunyelwe e-Afghanistan njengoko yayinjalo ngo-2012 kwaye kwenzeka njani ukuba ndophule umthetho we-Espionage Act, ngenxa yoko.
Kwisikhundla sam njengomhlalutyi wobukrelekrele obekwe e-Bagram Airbase, ndenzelwa ukuba ndilandele indawo ezikuyo izixhobo zefowuni eziphathwayo ekukholelwa ukuba zikho kwabo babizwa ngokuba ziintshaba. Ukufezekisa le mishini kwakufuneka ukufikelela kuthotho oluntsonkothileyo lweesathelayithi ezisemhlabeni jikelele ezikwaziyo ukugcina unxibelelwano olungagungqiyo neenqwelo moya ezilingwayo ezikude, ezibizwa ngokuba ziidrones.
Nje ukuba uqhagamshelo oluzinzileyo lwenziwe kwaye kufumaneke isixhobo ekujolise kuso ngefowuni, umhlalutyi wemifanekiso e-US, esebenzisana nomqhubi wenqwelomoya kunye nomqhubi wekhamera, uya kuthatha indawo esebenzisa ulwazi endilunikileyo ukuphonononga yonke into eyenzekileyo kwicandelo lombono wedrone. . Oku kwakusenziwa rhoqo ukubhalwa kobomi bemihla ngemihla baba rhanelwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, phantsi kweemeko ezifanelekileyo, kuya kwenziwa iinzame zokubanjwa. Ngamanye amaxesha, isigqibo sokuqhankqalaza sibabulale apho bebemi khona sasiza kulinganiswa.
Ukuqala kwam ukubona ugwayimbo lwedrone weza kwiintsuku nje zokufika kwam eAfghanistan. Kwangentseni kwakusasa, ngaphambi kokusa, iqela lamadoda lalihlanganisene kwiintaba zePhondo lasePaktika zijikeleze umlilo wekampi ziphethe izixhobo kunye nokusela iti. Ukuthi baphathe izixhobo kunye nazo ngekhe kuthathelwe ingqalelo njengesiqhelo kwindawo endikhulele kuyo, ubuncinci ngaphakathi kwemimandla yesizwe engenamthetho ngaphandle kolawulo lwabasemagunyeni base-Afghanistan ngaphandle kokuba phakathi kwabo yayililungu elirhanelwa leTaliban, elinikiweyo. kude ngesixhobo sefowuni ekujoliswe kuso epokothweni yakhe. Ngokumalunga nabantu abaseleyo, ukuba bexhobile, ubudala bemikhosi, kunye nokuhlala phambi komntu otyholwayo olutshaba kwakububungqina obaneleyo bokubabeka phantsi kokukrokrelwa. Ngaphandle kokudibana ngoxolo, kungoyikisi sisoyikiso, ikamva lamadoda okusela iti ngoku zonke zazalisekisiwe. Ndijonge nje kuphela xa ndihleli ndibukele esweni ikhompyuter xa ngequbuliso isoyikiso esothusayo semijukujelwa yoMlilo wesihogo yehla, isasaza amathumbu e-crystal anombala omfusa kwicala lentaba yasekuseni.
Ukusukela ngelo xesha unanamhla, ndiyaqhubeka nokukhumbula uninzi lweziganeko zobundlobongela ezibonisa ubushushu obenziwa kwisitulo sekhompyuter. Akukho suku ludlulayo apho ndingabuzi mcimbi wokuthethelelwa kwezenzo zam. Ngokwemigaqo yokubandakanyeka, kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuvumelekile ukuba ndincede ukubulala loo madoda-ulwimi lawo ndingazange ndiluthethe, amasiko endingawaqondiyo, kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho endingaluchazangayo — ngendlela eyoyikisayo afe. Kodwa inokuthathwa njani njengewonga kum ngokuqhubeka ndilindile ithuba elilandelayo lokubulala abantu abangaqondakaliyo, abathi amaxesha amaninzi, bangabi yingozi kum okanye komnye umntu ngelo xesha. Ungaze ucinge ukuba uhloniphekile, inokwenzeka njani into yokuba umntu ocinga aqhubeke nokukholelwa ukuba kufanelekile ukukhuselwa kwe-United States yaseMelika ukuba ibe se-Afghanistan kwaye ibulale abantu, kungekho namnye kubo owayenoxanduva lokuhlaselwa ngo-Septemba 11 uhlanga. Nangona kunjalo, kwi-2012, unyaka opheleleyo emva kokubhubha kuka-Osama bin Laden ePakistan, ndandiyinxalenye yokubulala abafana abalahlekisiweyo, ababengabantwana nje ngomhla we-9/11.
Nangona kunjalo, ngaphandle kwethambo lam lobumnandi, ndaqhubeka nokulandela imiyalelo kunye nokuthobela umthetho wam ndisoyika impembelelo. Nangona kunjalo, ngalo lonke eli xesha, ukuqonda ngakumbi ukuba imfazwe ayinanto yakwenza nokuthintela uloyiko ukuba luze e-United States kunye nokunye okuninzi malunga nokukhusela inzuzo yabenzi bezixhobo kunye nababizwa ngokuba ziikontraki zokhuselo. Ubungqina bokuba le nyani babekwa bucala ngeenxa zonke kum. Kweyona mfazwe inde, kwezobuchwephesha kwezona zihambele phambili kwimbali yaseMelika, iikontraki zemvumelwano zazingaphezulu kweyunifomu enxibe amajoni 2-to-1 kwaye yafumana imali ephindaphindwe kalishumi kumvuzo wabo. Okwangoku, yayingenamsebenzi nokuba ingaba, njengoko bendibonile, umfama wase-Afghanistan uqhushulwe esiqingatheni, kodwa ngokungummangaliso eyazi kwaye engenangqondo ezama ukukhupha iziqwenga zakhe emhlabeni, nokuba ibhokisi yomkhosi yaseMelika efakwe kwiflegi yehliselwe Arlington National Amangcwaba sisandi sokukhahlela kompu ezingama-10. Bang, bang, bang. Zombini zisebenza ukuthethelela ukuhamba ngokulula kwemali kwiindleko zegazi-elabo nelethu. Xa ndicinga ngale nto, ndikhathazekile kwaye ndineentloni ngezi zinto ndizenzileyo ukuyixhasa.
Olona suku lunkwantlisayo ebomini bam lwafika iinyanga zokuthunyelwa kwam eAfghanistan xa umsebenzi wokugada oqhelekileyo wajika waba yintlekele. Kwaphela iiveki silandela intshukumo yomsesane wabavelisi beebhombu zemoto abahlala eJalalabad. Iibhombu zemoto ezijolise kwiziseko zase-US ziye zaba yingxaki eqhubeka rhoqo kwaye ibulala ngehlobo, iinzame ezininzi zabekwa ekuzinqandeni. Yayiyimini enamafu emva kwemini xa omnye wabarhanelwa efunyenwe ejonge ngasempuma, eqhuba ngesantya esiphezulu. Oku kwabothusa abaphathi bam abakholelwa ukuba angazama ukubaleka aye ngaphesheya kwePakistan.
Isitrayikhi sedrone yayilithuba lethu ekuphela kwalo kwaye sele siqalisile ukufola ukuze sithabathe. Kodwa i-Predator drone engaphantsi kakhulu ikufumene kunzima ukubona ngamafu kwaye ikhuphisana nomoya onamandla. Umthwalo omnye wokuhlawula i-MQ-1 uye wasilela ukunxibelelana neithagethi zayo, endaweni yokulahleka ziimitha ezimbalwa. Isithuthi, sonakalisiwe kodwa siqhuba, saqhubeka phambili emva kokuphepha kancinci ukutshatyalaliswa. Ekugqibeleni, yakuba inkxalabo yomnye umjukujelwa ongenayo ithe yehla, ukuyeka ukuqhuba kwahamba, kwehla emotweni, kwaye wazijonga ngathi akakholelwa ukuba usaphila. Kwicala labakhweli kwaphuma umfazi enxibe ibrka engenakuphazanyiswa. Kuyothusa njengokuba bekusandula ukuba nje kubekho umntu obhinqileyo, mhlawumbi umfazi wakhe, apho kunye nendoda ebesizimisele ukuyibulala kwimizuzu edluleyo, bendingenalo nethuba lokubona okwenzekileyo phambi kokuba idrone iphambukise ikhamera xa iqala Bebengxamile ukukhupha into ngasemva emotweni.
Kwadlula iintsuku ezimbalwa phambi kokuba ekugqibeleni ndifunde kwinkcazo eyayisenziwa ligosa lam eliphetheyo malunga noko kwenzekayo. Ngokwenene bekukho umfazi womrhanelwa kunye naye emotweni kwaye ngasemva bekukho iintombi zabo ezimbini ezincinci, ezineminyaka emi-5 kunye neminyaka emi-3 ubudala. Iqela lamajoni ase-Afghanistan lathunyelwa ukuba liye kuphanda apho imoto yayime khona ngosuku olulandelayo.
Kulapho babafumana bebekwe kwindawo yokulahla inkunkuma kufutshane. Intombi [endala] ifunyenwe iswelekile ngenxa yamanxeba angachazwanga ebangelwe yingqele egqobhoze umzimba wayo. Udadewabo omncinci wayephila kodwa ephelelwe ngamandla emzimbeni.
Njengoko umphathi wam wayethumela olu lwazi kuthi, wabonakala ngathi uyacekisa, hayi kuba simdubule ngempazamo umntu kunye nosapho, sibulele enye yeentombi zakhe, kodwa ngenxa yomrhanelwa owenza ibhombu eyalele umfazi wakhe alahle imizimba yeentombi zabo emgqomeni ukuze bobabini babaleke ngokukhawuleza bawele umda. Ngoku, ngalo lonke ixesha ndidibana nomntu ocinga ukuba imfazwe yedrone ilungile kwaye igcina iMelika ikhuselekile, ndiyalikhumbula elo xesha kwaye ndizibuze ukuba ndiza kuqhubeka njani ndikholelwa ukuba ndingumntu olungileyo, ofanelwe bubomi bam kunye nelungelo lokulandela ulonwabo.
Kunyaka kamva, kwindibano yokuvalelisa abo bethu ababeza kuyeka ukuya emkhosini, ndazihlalela ndedwa, ndikhutshiwe ngumabonwakude, ngelixa abanye bekhumbula kunye. Kumabonakude kwakusasazwa iindaba zikamongameli [u-Obama] esenza intetho yakhe yokuqala esidlangalaleni malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo ojikeleze ukusetyenziswa kwetekhnoloji yedrone emfazweni. Amagqabantshintshi akhe enzelwe ukuqinisekisa uluntu ngeengxelo ezijonga ukubhubha kwabahlali kugwayimbo lwedrone kunye nokujoliswa kwabemi baseMelika. Umongameli wathi umgangatho ophakamileyo "wokuqinisekisa okufuphi" kufuneka uhlangatyezwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba akukho bantu abakhoyo.
Kodwa kwinto endiyaziyo ngeziganeko apho abantu babenokubakho khona, abo babuleweyo bahlala behlala beziintshaba ezichongiweyo babulawa ngezenzo ngaphandle kokuba kuqinisekiswe ngenye indlela. Nangona kunjalo, ndiqhubekile nokuwathobela amazwi akhe njengoko umongameli eqhubeka nokuchaza ukuba idrone ingasetyenziswa njani ukuphelisa umntu obeka "isisongelo esiseduze" e-United States.
Esebenzisa umzekeliso wokuthatha i-sniper, ngokubona kwakhe isihlwele sabantu esingathandekiyo, umongameli wafanisa ukusetyenziswa kweedrones ukunqanda umntu onokuba ngumgrogrisi ekuphumezeni iyelenqe lakhe elibi. Kodwa njengoko ndandiyiqonda, isihlwele esingazingciyo yayingabo babehlala kuloyiko kunye noloyiko lweedrones esibhakabhakeni sabo kwaye i-sniper kule meko yayindim. Ndaye ndakholelwa ekubeni umgaqo-nkqubo wokubulawa kwabantu nge-drone wawusetyenziselwa ukulahlekisa uluntu ukuba lusigcine sikhuselekile, kwaye xa ndayeka emkhosini, ndisaqhubeka nento ebendiyinxalenye yayo, ndaqala ukuthetha phandle. , ndikholelwa ekuthatheni kwam inxaxheba kwinkqubo yedrone ukuba ibingalunganga kakhulu.
Ndazinikezela kwintshabalalo yemfazwe kwaye ndacelwa ukuba ndithathe inxaxheba kwinkomfa yoxolo eWashington, DC, ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba 2013. Abantu babehlanganisene kwihlabathi liphela bezokwabelana ngamava malunga nokuba kunjani ukuphila kwiminyaka yeedrones. UFaisal bin Ali Jaber wayehambe esuka e-Yemen esixelela ngento eyenzekileyo kumntakwabo uSalim bin Ali Jaber kunye nomzala wabo uWaleed. UWaleed wayelipolisa, kwaye uSalim wayeyindoda ehlonitshwayo yomlilo, eyaziwayo ngokunika abafana intshumayelo malunga nendlela eya entshabalalweni ukuba bangakhetha ukuthatha i-jihad enobundlobongela.
Ngenye imini ngo-Agasti 2012, amalungu alapha eAl Qaeda ahamba kwilali yaseFaisal kwimoto eyayibone uSalim emthunzini, asondela ngakuye, amcela ukuba eze azokuthetha nabo. Akukho namnye ophulukene nethuba lokushumayela ulutsha, uSalim uqhubeke ngononophelo kunye noWaleed ecaleni kwakhe. UFaisal nabanye abantu belali baqala ukujonga kude. Ukuya phambili bekusoloko kukho umvuni we-Drone ejongeyo, nayo.
Njengokuba uFaisal ebalisa ngento eyenzekileyo emva koko, ndaziva ndiphinde ndabuya ndaya apho bendiye khona ngala mhla, 2012. Engazi uFaisal kunye nabo belali yakhe ngeloxesha yayingengabo bodwa ababebukele uSalim esondela kwijihadist emotweni. Ukusuka eAfghanistan, mna nabo bonke ababesemsebenzini sayeka umsebenzi wabo ukuze ndibone ukubulawa kwabantu okwakusele kuza kwenzeka. Ngokucofa iqhosha ukusuka kumawakawaka eekhilomitha, imijukujelwa emibini yesihogo somlilo yahlokoma esibhakabhakeni, yalandelwa zezimbini. Ukungabonisi zimpawu zokuzisola, mna nabo bandingqongileyo siqhwaba izandla saza savuya. Phambi kweholo engenakuthetha, uFaisal walila.
Malunga neveki emva kwenkomfa yoxolo ndafumana umsebenzi onomvuzo omkhulu ukuba ndiza kubuyela emsebenzini njengekontraka karhulumente. Ndaziva ndingakhululekanga ngalo mbono. Ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha, ekuphela kwesicwangciso sam sokwahlukana emkhosini yayikukubhalisa kwikholeji ukuze ndigqibe isidanga sam. Kodwa imali endinokuyenza yayingaphezulu lee kunangaphambili; enyanisweni, ibingaphezulu kunabanye babahlobo bam abafundileyo kwikholeji ababesenza. Emva kokucingisisa kakuhle, ndaye ndalibazisa ukuya esikolweni ndathatha lo msebenzi.
Kangangexesha elide, ndandingonwabanga ngesiqu sam xa ndicinga ngokuthatha indawo yam emkhosini ukuze ndifumane umsebenzi onqabileyo wedesika. Ngeli xesha, bendisaqhubekeka nokwenza into ebendikhe ndayihamba, kwaye bendiqala ukuzibuza ukuba ingaba bendiphinde ndanegalelo kusini na kwingxaki yemali kunye nemfazwe ngokwamkela ukubuya njengonokontraka wokhuselo. Okubi nangakumbi yayikukukhathazeka kwam into yokuba wonke umntu endandihlala naye wayethatha inxaxheba ekukhohliseni kunye nokusala okwakusetyenziselwa ukuthethelela imivuzo yethu engathethekiyo ngokusebenza ngokulula. Eyona nto bendiyoyika ngelaxesha sisilingo sokungabuzi.
Kwathi ke ngolunye usuku emva komsebenzi ndaye ndancamathela ekuhlaleni nabanye abantu endisebenza nabo abanetalente yomsebenzi wabo endandiyithanda kakhulu. Babendenza ndizive ndamkelekile, kwaye ndonwabile ukuba ndibamkele. Kodwa ke, ndothuka, ubuhlobo bethu obutsha kraca butshintsha ngokungalindelekanga. Bakhethe ukuba masithathe umzuzwana kwaye sijonge kunye imiboniso egciniweyo yeedrone ezidlulileyo. Imisitho enjalo yokuzibophelela kwikhompyuter ukubukela oko kubizwa ngokuba "yimfazwe yamanyala" kwakungeyonto intsha kum. Ndazidla ngalo lonke ixesha ngelixa ndithunyelwa eAfghanistan. Kodwa ngala mhla, iminyaka emva kwenyani, abahlobo bam abatsha [bakhamisile] kwaye bahlekisa, kanye njengam amadala, babona amadoda angenathemba kwimizuzu yokugqibela yobomi bawo. Ndihleli ndibukele nam, ndathula, ndayiva intliziyo yam iqhekeka.
Imbeko yakho, eyona nyaniso inyanisileyo endiye ndayiqonda ngohlobo lwemfazwe kukuba imfazwe ngumvandedwa. Ndiyakholelwa ukuba nawuphina umntu obizelwe okanye anyanzelwe ukuba athathe inxaxheba emfazweni ngokuchasene nomnye umntu uthembisiwe ukuba uza kubhencwa kuhlobo oluthile lwengozi. Ngale ndlela, akukho joni lisikelelwe ngokubuya ekhaya lisuka emfazweni elingonzakalanga.
I-crux ye-PTSD kukuba kukuziphatha okuchaphazela amanxeba angabonakaliyo kwingqondo yomntu eyenziwe ukuthwalisa ubunzima bamava emva kokusinda kwisiganeko esibuhlungu. I-PTSD ibonakalisa njani ixhomekeke kwimeko yomsitho. Ke umqhubi wedrone uyenza njani le nto? Umpu ophumeleleyo, ozisolayo ngokungathandabuzekiyo, ubuncinci ugcina imbeko yakhe ihleli ngokujongana notshaba lwakhe edabini. Umqhubi wenqwelomoya ozimiseleyo unobunewunewu bokungabikho kobungqina emva kwengozi. Kodwa yintoni enye endinokuyenza ukumelana neenkohlakalo ezingenakuphikwa endizenzileyo?
Isazela sam, xa sasibanjiwe, sabuyela ebomini kwakhona. Ekuqaleni, ndazama ukuyihoya. Ndinqwenela ukuba kubekho umntu, obekwe bhetele kunam, makaze athathe le ndebe kum. Kodwa oku, nako, kwakububudenge. Ukushiya ndithathe isigqibo sokuba ndenze ntoni na, ndinokwenza kuphela into ekufuneka ndiyenzile phambi koThixo nesazela sam. Impendulo yeza kum, ukuba ndinqande umjikelo wobundlobongela, ndifanele ukuncama ubomi bam hayi obomnye umntu.
Ke ndaye ndanxibelelana nentatheli yophando endandinobudlelwane naye kwaye ndamxelela ukuba ndinento abantu baseMelika ekufuneka bayazi.
Ngentlonelo,
UDaniel Hale
