NguBrian Terrell, World BEYOND War, Februwari 10, 2021
Nge-4 kaFebruwari, kweyokuqala idilesi ephambili yomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle, UMongameli uJoe Biden ubhengeze "siyayiphelisa yonke inkxaso yaseMelika kwimisebenzi ekhubekisayo emfazweni e-Yemen, kubandakanya nokuthengisa izixhobo ezifanelekileyo." Ethetha ngomdibaniso okhokelwa yi-Saudi Arabia obesemfazweni e-Yemen ukusukela ngo-2015, esenza oko wakubiza ngokuba "yintlekele yoluntu kunye neqhinga," u-Biden wathi "Le mfazwe kufuneka iphele."
Ukuchaza injongo ayizalisekisi kwaye kuthathelwa ingqalelo esinye isibambiso sikaBiden, "ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa kunye nokunceda iSaudi Arabia ikhusele ubukhosi bayo kunye nokuma kwayo kunye nabantu bayo," ukusebenzisa kwakhe igama elithi "efanelekileyo" ukuguqula "ukuthengiswa kweengalo" kunokubonisa indlela efanelekileyo. Okwangoku, kuyahlaziya ukuva umongameli wase-US ubuncinci eyazi ukuba abantu base-Yemeni babandezeleka "yintshabalalo enganyamezelekiyo" kwaye oku kungenxa yomsebenzi onzima wabalweli boxolo kwihlabathi liphela.
Nokuba isibhengezo sikaBiden siyakuthetha lukhulu kwihlabathi lokwenyani ngaphaya kokubamba okwethutyana kwizixhobo ezenziwa nguTrump ngaphambi nje kokuba ashiye isikhundla okwangoku. Ubukumkani baseSaudi yamkela Isibhengezo sikaBiden kunye nabathengisi beengalo base-US abaye baxhamla kwimfazwe babonakala bengaphazamiseki ngeendaba. "Jonga," u-CEO weRaytheon Technologies uGreg Hayes waqinisekiswa abatyali mali balindele eli nyathelo, “uxolo aluzukuvela eMiddle East nanini na. Ndicinga ukuba iseyindawo apho siza kuqhubeka ukubona ukukhula okuqinileyo. ” Amathemba oxolo e-Yemen mhlawumbi axhomekeke ngakumbi kuxinzelelo oluzinzileyo lwamazwe aphesheya kunolawulo olunobubele kunye nobumnene kwi-White House.
Inkonzo yoPhando ye-DRM kwingxelo ehlaziyiweyo ngo-Disemba 8, 2020, “IYemen: Imfazwe yamakhaya kunye nokungenelela kwengingqi,” izingqinisiso zezona zinto ziphambili ekucwangcisweni komgaqo-nkqubo wase-US malunga ne-Yemen engakhange athethwe ngumongameli. Phantse izigidi ezihlanu zemiphanda yeoyile igqitha kwi-Bab el-Mandeb Strait kunxweme olusentshona yeYemen yonke imihla, ekugqibeleni benze indlela eya eAsia, eYurophu naseMelika.
Kwimeko apho umongameli anike umbono gwenxa wokuba i-US iphuma kwishishini lokubulala i-Yemenis ngokupheleleyo, ngosuku olulandelayo iSebe likaRhulumente ikhuphe ingxelo ecacisayo, "Okubalulekileyo, oku akusebenzi kwimisebenzi ekhubekisayo ngokuchasene ne-ISIS okanye i-AQAP." Ngamanye amagama, nantoni na eyenzekayo ngokubhekisele kuthengiso lwezixhobo eSaudis, umlo osele usebenze iminyaka engama-21 phantsi kwesigunyaziso soGunyaziso loSetyenziso loMkhosi Wezomkhosi ophunyezwe yingqungquthela egunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kweMikhosi yase-US nxamnye nabo banoxanduva uhlaselo lwangoSeptemba 11, luya kuqhubeka ngokungenammiselo, ngaphandle kwento yokuba akukho ISIS okanye iAl Qaeda kwiPeninsula yaseArabia ebekho ngo-2001.
"Imisebenzi ekhubekisayo" e-Yemen eya kuqhubeka phantsi kwe-Biden ibandakanya uqhankqalazo lwedrone (i-UAV), uhlaselo lwemijukujelwa yokuhamba ngenqanawa kunye nohlaselo lweMikhosi eKhethekileyo yase-US kwaye bayinxalenye "yemfazwe yoyikiso" enkulu eyaqala kulawulo lukaGeorge W. Bush kunye Yandiswa phantsi kuka-Obama. Ngaphandle kwephulo lakhe ethembisa ukuphelisa "iimfazwe ezingunaphakade," a umbiko Ukusuka kwiiAirwars icebisa ukuba iTrump ibhombise iYemen amaxesha amaninzi kunangaphambili.
NgoJanuwari, ngo-2017, kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa emva kokuthatha isikhundla, UTrump wayalela ii-Commandal Seal Navy Ixhaswe sisikhuselo somoya sokuvuna ukugqogqa indawo ekurhanelwa ukuba inamagosa eAl Qaeda kwiPeninsula yaseArabia. Ngelixa iithagethi zohlaselo zisindile, kwaManzi oMkhosi woMkhosi wasweleka kolo hlaselo, kwaye ekugqibeleni kwaphuma ukuba ama-Yemenis angama-30 abulawa nawo, kubandakanya abasetyhini abali-10 nabantwana. ITywina loMkhosi wamanzi yayingenguye yedwa ummi wase-US owabulawa kolo hlaselo: enye yayiyintombazana eneminyaka esi-8 ubudala, uNawar Awlaki. Ngo-Septemba, ngo-2011, utata kaNawar, u-Imam-American imam u-Anwar Awlaki, wabulawa kugwayimbo lwe-drone e-Yemen eyalelwa ngu-Mongameli u-Obama, kubukrelekrele obufihlakeleyo ukuba wayengumsebenzi we-al Qaeda. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokubulawa kukayise, u-Nawar oneminyaka eli-16 ubudala u-Denver owazalwa ngumzalwana u-Abdulrahman wabulawa kolunye uqhankqalazo lwedrone.
Iintsapho ezininzi zase-Yemeni ziye zasokola kolu hlaselo. NgoJanuwari 26, 2021, izalamane ubuncinci ezingama-34 Yemenis zityholwa ngokubulawa kwimikhosi yaseMelikas wabuza iKhomishini yamaMelika aseMelika malunga namaLungelo oluNtu, ukufumanisa ukuba ingaba ukubhubha kwakungekho semthethweni na. Uxwebhu lwezikhalazo luthi amathandathu eedrone strike kunye noQeqesho oluKhethekileyo olwenziwe ngexesha lolawulo luka-Obama kunye noTrump lubangele umonakalo omkhulu kwiintsapho ezimbini.
Iinkcukacha-manani ezijikeleze imfazwe yase-US e-Yemen kunzima ukuza nazo, ngokuyinxenye kuba uninzi lohlaselo lwenziwa ngokufihlakeleyo yi-CIA hayi ngomkhosi, kodwa ii-Airwars kunye nolunye uphononongo lubala inani logwayimbo lwama-drone kunye namaxhoba abo kumakhulu. Inkqubo ye- Amaxhoba ekhokelwa yimfazwe yaseSaudi, ngokuchaseneyo, bangaphezulu kwe-100,000 abafileyo phantse uninzi lwabulawa yindlala kunye nezifo ezibangelwe kukuvalwa kwe-Saudi Arabia kunye nezigidi ze-Yemenis ezihluthwe ukutya kunye nezinye iimfuno.
Ngelixa inani lokufa kwalo lincinci, uhlaselo lwedrone yase-US lunefuthe elingalunganga kuluntu lwase-Yemeni. Uvavanyo luka-2014 isifundo yeempawu zengxaki yoxinzelelo lwasemva koxinzelelo phakathi kwabahlali yiAlkarama Foundation yafumanisa ukuba "kwindawo enkulu yabantu baseYemen, ukuhlala phantsi kwesibhakabhaka esiye saba ngumthombo wokohlwaya yinto yemihla ngemihla" kwaye phantsi kohlaselo lwedrone kunye nokubekwa kweliso, I-Yemen "lixesha elinobungozi kunye nendawo ekhethekileyo, apho isibhakabhaka siba buhlungu kwaye isizukulwana siphulukana noloyiko kunye nokubandezeleka."
Ukuba imikhosi ekhethekileyo kunye nogwayimbo lomoya lwenzelwe ukoyisa ubunqolobi e-Yemen njengakwamanye amazwe ahlaselwayo, Iziphumo ezichaseneyo. Njengomncinci, emva kwexesha, umbhali wase-Yemeni u-Ibrahim Mothana uxelele iCongress ngo-2013, Uqhankqalazo luka-Drone lubangela ukuba ama-Yemenis ayithiye iMelika kwaye ajoyine amajoni. … Ngelishwa, amazwi e-liberal e-United States akayikhathaleli, ukuba ayikhuthazi, ukubulawa kwabantu ngokungekho semthethweni nokubulawa kwabantu ngokungenamthetho e-Yemen. ”
Umbono kaMothana malunga namazwi akhululekileyo e-US “ikakhulu ukungahoyi, ukuba akunyanzeliswa, ukubulawa kwabantu ngokungekho semthethweni kunye nokubulawa kwabantu ngokungenamkhethe e-Yemen” kuqinisekisiwe kwiphulo lika-Senator Bernie Sanders 'lika-2016 likamongameli. Ngelixa uSanders ethethe phandle ngokuchasene nemfazwe ekhokelwa yi-Saudi Arabia, njengomgqatswa wobongameli waphinda wavakalisa inkxaso yakhe kwiimfazwe zika-Obama zedrone. "Konke oko nangaphezulu," Uphendule xa ebuzwa ukuba, njengo-Mongameli, i-drones kunye ne-Special Forces ziya kudlala indima kwizicwangciso zakhe zokulwa uloyiko. Kwakhona, kwisisombululo sika-2019 "Ukuyalela ukususwa kweMikhosi yaseMelika e-Yemen." enikezelwa nguSanders, eyapasiswa kuzo zombini izindlu zeCongress kwaye yavotelwa nguTrump, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwe-US kule mfazwe kwanikezelwa: “ICongress iyalela uMongameli ukuba asuse iMikhosi yase-United States emfazweni okanye ichaphazele iRiphabliki yase-Yemen, ngaphandle kwe-United. Imikhosi exhobileyo yaseMelika ibandakanyeka kwimisebenzi ejolise e-al Qaeda okanye kwimikhosi ehambelana nayo. ”
Kwintetho yomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle ka-Biden, ushiye evule ithuba lokuba kuthengiswe izixhobo njengoko ethembise ukuzibophelela kwakhe "ukuqhubeka nokuxhasa kunye nokunceda i-Saudi Arabia ikhusele ulawulo lwayo kunye nokuthembeka kwayo kunye nabantu bayo." Izoyikiso ezijamelene nobuso baseSaudi Arabia zibandakanya, watsho, uhlaselo lwemijukujelwa kunye nokubetha kwe-UAV (iidrone) kwizixhobo athi zinikezelwa yiIran. Ngapha koko, abavukeli base-Yemeni Houthi Ansar Allah basungule uhlaselo lwedrone e-Saudi Arabia, ngakumbi ngo-Septemba 14, 2019 Ukuhlaselwa kweSaudi Aramco iindawo zokucoca izinto eziphazamisayo eziphazamise ukuhanjiswa kweoyile eluhlaza. Kuyimimangaliso engaqhelekanga, ukuba emva kokuba i-US ihlasele i-Yemen ngamawakawaka emijukujelwa yomlilo wesihogo esungulwe kwi-Predator drones ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-20, i-US ngoku kufuneka ixhobise i-Saudi Arabia ukuze izikhusele (kunye ne-oyile yethu) kwi-Yemeni drones kunye nemijukujelwa.
Ukwanda kwamazwe eedrones ezinezixhobo akumangalisi kwaye isicelo sikaBiden soxolo e-Yemen esivumela ukusetyenziswa kwabo ngokuqhubekayo sisiphoso. Ukunika ukupasa, ukuqhubeka nokungahoyi, ukuba akunakuxolelwa, ukubulawa kwabantu ngokungekho semthethweni kunye nokubulawa kwabantu ngokungenamkhethe e-Yemen nakwezinye iindawo ngekhe kuzise uxolo kodwa kuya kuqinisekisa ukuba kwizizukulwana ezizayo, abaxhamli abanjengoRaytheon, uBoeing, uLokheed Martin kunye noGeneral Atomics, bazakuqhubeka ukubona ukukhula okuqinileyo. ” Uxolo e-Yemen, uxolo emhlabeni, alufuni ngaphantsi kwesiphelo kwimveliso, urhwebo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweedrones ezinezixhobo.
UBrian Terrell ngumzabalazo woxolo osekwe e-Iowa ochithe ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu entolongweni ngenxa yokuqhankqalaza ukubulawa kwabantu ekujoliswe kubo kwiziseko zemikhosi yase-US. Nxibelelana: brian1956terrell@gmail.com
