NguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies, nge-Okthobha 29, 2020
Ngaphantsi konyaka emva kokuba i-United States kunye ne-US exhaswa nguMbutho wamazwe aseMelika (i-OAS) ixhase umkhosi wobundlobongela wamajoni wokubhukuqa urhulumente waseBolivia, abantu baseBolivia baphinde bakhetha iMovement for Socialism (MAS) kunye ibuyiselwe emandleni.
Kwimbali ende yokutshintsha kolawulo lwe-US "kutshintsho lolawulo" kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela, kunqabile ukuba nabantu kunye nelizwe elomeleleyo nelidemokrasi lakhaba iinzame zase-US zokuyalela indlela abaza kulawulwa ngayo. Umongameli wethutyana wasemva kokubhukuqa uJeanine Añez uxelile Iivisa ezingama-350 zaseMelika kuye nakwabanye abanokujamelana nokutshutshiswa eBolivia ngendima yabo kwindibano.
Ingxelo ye unyulo olungqongqo Kwi-2019 ukuba i-US kunye ne-OAS bathengisa ukuxhasa ukubhangiswa kweBolivia kuye kwachithwa ngokupheleleyo. Inkxaso ye-MAS ubukhulu becala ivela kubantu baseBolivia bomthonyama ezilalini, ke ngoko kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba ziqokelelwe kwaye zibalwe kunezo zabahlali bedolophu abangcono abaxhasa iphiko lasekunene le-MAS, abachasi be-neoliberal.
Njengoko iivoti zingena zivela kwimimandla yasemaphandleni, kukho ukujijelwa kwi-MAS kwinani leevoti. Ngokuzenza ngathi le pateni iqikelelweyo kwaye iqhelekileyo kwiziphumo zonyulo lwaseBolivia ibubungqina bobuqhetseba bonyulo kwi-2019, i-OAS inoxanduva lokukhupha ubundlobongela ngokuchasene nabasekeli bomthonyama baseMAS abathi, ekugqibeleni, banikezele kuphela i-OAS uqobo.
Kuyafundisa ukuba ukungaphumeleli kombuso okuxhaswe yi-US e-Bolivia kukhokelele kwisiphumo sedemokhrasi ngakumbi kunolawulo lwemisebenzi yase-US ephumelele ekususeni urhulumente emandleni. Iingxoxo zasekhaya malunga nomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle wase-US zithatha ukuba i-US inelungelo, okanye inyanzelekile, ukuhambisa i-arhente yomkhosi, ezoqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko ukunyanzela utshintsho kwezopolitiko kumazwe aphikisana nemiyalelo yasebukhosini.
Ngokwenza oko, oku kuthetha ukuba yimfazwe epheleleyo (njenge-Iraq ne-Afghanistan), i-coup d'etat (njengaseHaiti ngo-2004, eHonduras ngo-2009 nase-Ukraine ngo-2014), iimfazwe ezifihlakeleyo kunye ne-proxy (njengaseSomalia, eLibya, ISyria neYemen) okanye ukohlwaya zohlwayo zo qoqosho (ngokuchasene neCuba, iIran neVenezuela) - zonke ezo zaphula inkululeko yamazwe ekujoliswe kuwo kwaye ke akukho semthethweni phantsi komthetho wamazwe aphesheya.
Nokuba sesiphi isixhobo solawulo esitshintshe i-US, ezi zongenelelo zase-US azenzanga ubomi babangcono kubantu balo naliphi na kula mazwe, okanye abanye abaninzi ngaphambili. UWilliam Blum ubukrelekrele Ncwadi ye-1995, Ukubulala Ithemba: Ungenelelo loMkhosi waseMelika kunye neCIA Ukusukela ngeMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, iikhathalogu ezingama-55 zolawulo lwase-US zatshintsha imisebenzi kwiminyaka engama-50 phakathi kowe-1945 nowe-1995. Njengokuba ingxelo eneenkcukacha zikaBlum ikwenza kucace, uninzi lwale misebenzi ibandakanya iinzame zase-US zokususa oorhulumente abanyulwa ngamandla, njengaseBolivia, kwaye uhlala ethatha indawo yabo ngoozwilakhe abaxhaswe yi-US: njengo-Shah wase-Iran; UMobutu eCongo; ISuharto eIndonesia; kunye neGeneral Pinochet eChile.
Naxa urhulumente ekujoliswe kuye enobundlobongela, ingcinezelo, ungenelelo lwaseMelika lukhokelela kubundlobongela obukhulu ngakumbi. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesithoba emva kokususa urhulumente waseTaliban eAfghanistan, iUnited States yehlile I-80,000 yeebhombu nemijukujelwa yamajoni ase-Afghanistan kunye nabantu, baqhuba amashumi amawaka “bulala okanye ubambe”Ukuhlasela ebusuku, kwaye imfazwe ibulewe ngamakhulu amawaka Abantu baseAfghan.
NgoDisemba ngo-2019, iWashington Post yapapasha i-trove ye Amaxwebhu ePentagon ukutyhila ukuba akukho namnye kolu dushe olusekwe kwisicwangciso sokwenyani sokuzisa uxolo okanye uzinzo eAfghanistan - konke kuluhlobo nje olukhohlakeleyo "ukudibana, ”Njengoko u-US Jikelele uMcChrystal ebeka. Ngoku urhulumente wase-Afghanistan oxhaswe yi-US ekugqibeleni uxolile ngoxolo kunye neTaliban ngesicwangciso sokwabelana ngamandla kwezopolitiko ukuphelisa le mfazwe "ingapheliyo", kuba sisisombululo sezopolitiko kuphela esinokunika i-Afghanistan nabantu bayo ikamva elinokuthula, elinokuthula. ukuba amashumi eminyaka emfazwe ebakhanyele.
E-Libya, seyiminyaka esithoba okoko i-US kunye ne-NATO kunye ne-Arab monarchist allies baqalisa umlo wokulwa oxhaswe Ukuhlasela ngokufihlakeleyo kunye nomkhankaso we-NATO wokuqhushumisa okhokelele kwisodomy eyoyikisayo kunye bulala Inkokheli yexesha elide elalichasene ne-colonial, u-Muammar Gaddafi. Oko kungene eLibya kwisiphithiphithi nakwimfazwe yamakhaya phakathi kwemikhosi eyahlukeneyo yokuba i-US kunye nabalingane bayo baxhobile, baqeqeshwe kwaye basebenze nabo ukubhukuqa uGaddafi.
A uphando ePalamente e-UK ifumanise ukuba, "ungenelelo olulinganiselweyo lokukhusela abahlali langena kumgaqo-nkqubo woosomashishini wokutshintsha kolawulo ngeendlela zomkhosi," ezikhokelele "ekuweni kwezopolitiko nakwezoqoqosho, kwimikhosi yezomkhosi nakwimfazwe yezizwe ngezizwe, iingxaki zoluntu kunye nabafuduki. ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu, ukusasazeka kwezixhobo zolawulo lukaGaddafi kulo mmandla kunye nokukhula kwe-Isil [Islamic State] emantla e-Afrika. ”
Amaqela ahlukeneyo alwayo eLibya ngoku ayazibandakanya kwiintetho zoxolo ezijolise ekupheliseni umlilo ngokusisigxina kwaye ngokutsho Kumthunywa weZizwe Ezimanyeneyo "obambe unyulo lwesizwe kwelona xesha lifutshane lifanelekileyo ukubuyisela ubukhosi baseLibya" -kona kanye ukuzimela okwathethwa kukungenelela kwe-NATO.
Umcebisi womgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle u-Bernie Sanders u-Matthew Duss ucele ulawulo olulandelayo lwase-US ukuba luqhube uphononongo olubanzi yeposi-9/11 "Imfazwe ngobugrogrisi," ukuze ekugqibeleni sityhile iphepha kwesi sahluko segazi kwimbali yethu.
UDuss ufuna ikhomishini ezimeleyo ukuba igwebe le minyaka ingamashumi amabini yemfazwe esekwe "kwimigangatho yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe owanceda i-United States emva kweMfazwe yesibini (II), echazwe kwi-UN Charter nakwi-Geneva Convention. Unethemba lokuba olu hlaziyo luza "kuvusa ingxoxo eshukumisayo esidlangalaleni malunga neemeko kunye namagunya asemthethweni apho iUnited States isebenzisa ubundlobongela emkhosini."
Ukuphononongwa okunje kudlulelwe lixesha kwaye kufunwa kakubi, kodwa kufuneka kujongane nenyani yokuba, kwasekuqaleni kwayo, "iMfazwe yoBugrogrisi" yenzelwe ukubonelela ngokunyuka okukhulu kwemisebenzi yase-US "yotshintsho lolawulo" ngokuchasene namazwe ahlukeneyo , uninzi lwazo lwalulawulwa ngoorhulumente behlabathi abangenanto yakwenza nokunyuka kweAl Qaeda okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho lukaSeptemba 11.
Amanqaku athathwe ligosa eliphezulu lomgaqo-nkqubo uStephen Cambone entlanganisweni kwiPentagon eyonakeleyo nangokutshaya emva kwemini kaSeptemba 11, 2001 eshwankathele uNobhala Wezomkhosi. Imiyalelo kaRumsfeld ukufumana “… olona lwazi lubalaseleyo ngokukhawuleza. Gweba ukuba ulunge ngokwaneleyo u-SH [Saddam Hussein] ngaxeshanye - hayi i-UBL kuphela [Osama Bin Laden]… Yiya kakhulu. Yitshayele yonke. Izinto ezinxulumene noko hayi. ”
Ngendleko zobundlobongela emkhosini kunye nokusweleka kwabantu abaninzi, urhulumente ophetheyo wobunqolobi ufake oorhulumente abangabalulekanga kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela athe angqina urhwaphilizo, akukho semthethweni kwaye akakwazi ukukhusela ummandla wabo nabantu babo kunoorhulumente baseMelika. iintshukumo zisusiwe. Endaweni yokudibanisa nokwandisa amandla ombuso wase-US njengoko bekucwangcisiwe, oku kusetyenziswa ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokutshabalalisa komkhosi, ukunyanzela oonozakuzaku kunye nezemali kuye kwaba neziphumo ezichaseneyo, kushiya i-US ihlala ikhetheke ngakumbi kwaye ingenamandla kwilizwe eliguqukayo.
Namhlanje, i-US, i-China kunye ne-European Union zilingana ngokulinganayo kubungakanani boqoqosho lwazo kunye norhwebo lwamanye amazwe, kodwa nomsebenzi wazo odibeneyo ungaphantsi kwesiqingatha sehlabathi imisebenzi yezoqoqosho kwaye urhwebo lwangaphandle. Akukho gunya lasebukhosini lilawula ngokwezoqoqosho kwihlabathi lanamhlanje njengoko iinkokheli zaseMelika ezazithembe ngokugqithisileyo zinethemba lokwenza ukuphela kweMfazwe ebandayo, kwaye lahlulwe ngumzabalazo obambekayo phakathi kobukhosi obuphikisanayo nanjengexesha loMlo obandayo. Eli lilizwe eliphindaphindayo esele sihleli kulo, hayi elinokuvela ngelinye ixesha kwixa elizayo.
Eli hlabathi lihamba phambili liqhubela phambili, lenza izivumelwano ezitsha kwezona ngxaki zethu zibalulekileyo, kwinyukliya kunye nezixhobo eziqhelekileyo kwintlekele yemozulu kumalungelo abasetyhini nabantwana. Ukophulwa kwenkqubo yase-United States komthetho wamazwe kunye nokwaliwa Izivumelwano zamazwe amaninzi bayenzile ukuba ibe phambili kunye nengxaki, ngokuqinisekileyo ayisiyiyo inkokeli, njengoko abezopolitiko baseMelika besitsho.
UJoe Biden uthetha ngokubuyisela iinkokheli zamazwe aphesheya zaseMelika ukuba unyuliwe, kodwa oko kuya kuba lula ukutsho kunokuba kwenziwe. Ubukhosi baseMelika baphakama baba yinkokheli yamazwe aphesheya ngokusebenzisa amandla oqoqosho kunye nomkhosi kwimithetho esekwe umyalelo wamazwe ngamazwe Kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20, eyafikelela kwimithetho yasemva kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi yomthetho wamazwe. Kodwa i-United States iye yawohloka ngokuthe ngcembe ngenxa yemfazwe ebandayo kunye nemfazwe eyabakho emva kwempi ebandayo yaza yaya kubukhosi obabusele busoyikeka ngoku obusoyikisa umhlaba ngemfundiso yokuba “kungalungiswa” nokuthi “yindlela yam okanye uhola wendlela.”
Xa u-Barack Obama wonyulwa ngo-2008, uninzi lwehlabathi belusabona uBush, uCheney kunye “neMfazwe yoBugrogrisi” njengezodwa, kunokuba ibe yinto eqhelekileyo kumgaqo-nkqubo waseMelika. U-Obama uphumelele imbasa kaNobel yoXhaso ngokusekwe kwintetho ezimbalwa kunye nethemba elibi lomhlaba "lomongameli woxolo." Kodwa iminyaka esibhozo ka-Obama, uBiden, uloyiko ngolwe-Lwesibini kunye Bulala uLuhlu ilandelwa yiminyaka emine kaTrump, uPence, abantwana kwizisele kunye neMfazwe ebandayo eNtsha neChina baqinisekisile ukuba luloyiko olubi kakhulu kwihlabathi ukuba icala elimnyama lama-impiriyali aseMelika abonwe phantsi kukaBush noCheney yayingenguye.
Ngexesha lotshintsho lolawulo lwaseMelika kunye neemfazwe ezilahlekileyo, obona bungqina buqinisekileyo bokuzibophelela kwakhe ekungazinzinini kugonyamelo nakwezomkhosi kukuba i-US Military-Industrial Complex isaqhubeka ishumi elilandelayo ngobukhulu amagunya omkhosi kwihlabathi edityanisiwe, ngokucacileyo kuwo wonke umlinganiso weemfuno ezisemthethweni zaseMelika zokukhusela.
Ke izinto zekhonkrithi ekufuneka sizenzile ukuba sifuna uxolo kukuyeka ukuqhushumisa kunye nokugweba abamelwane bethu nokuzama ukubhukuqa oorhulumente babo; ukurhoxisa uninzi lwamajoni aseMelika kunye nokuvala iziseko zomkhosi kwihlabathi liphela; kunye nokunciphisa imikhosi yethu exhobileyo kunye nohlahlo-lwabiwo mali lomkhosi kwinto esiyifunayo ngokwenene ukukhusela ilizwe lethu, hayi ukuba silwe iimfazwe ezingekho mthethweni zobundlongondlongo kwisiqingatha sehlabathi.
Ukwenzela abantu kwihlabathi liphela abakha iintshukumo zokubhukuqa oorhulumente abacinezelayo nabasokolayo ekwakheni iindlela ezintsha zolawulo ezingezizo ezolawulo lwe-neoliberal olungaphumelelanga, kufuneka simise urhulumente wethu-nokuba ngubani kwi-White House-ukusuka ukuzama ukunyanzelisa ukuthanda kwayo.
Uloyiso lweBolivia kutshintsho lolawulo oluxhaswe yi-US kukuqinisekiswa kwabantu abasakhulayo-amandla ehlabathi lethu elitsha, kwaye umzabalazo wokuhambisa i-US kwikamva lasemva komkhosi inomdla wabantu baseMelika ngokunjalo. Njengokuba inkokheli yase Venezuela engasekho uHugo Chavez wakha waxelela igqiza elalityelele e-US, "Ukuba sisebenza kunye nabantu abacinezelweyo ngaphakathi e-United States ukoyisa ubukhosi, asizukuzikhulula kuphela, kodwa nabantu baka-Martin Luther King."
UMedea uBenjamin ngumseki we CODEPINK Uxolo, kunye nombhali weencwadi ezininzi, kubandakanya UBukumkani boBulungisa: Emva kwe-US-Saudi Connection kwaye Ngaphakathi eIran: Imbali yokwenyani kunye nezoPolitiko zeRiphabhlikhi yase-Iran. UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimeleyo, umphandi kunye noCODEPINK, kunye nombhali Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukumenywa kweMelika kunye nokubhujiswa kweIraq.
