NguGareth Porter
Iingxelo #NoWar2016
Amagqabantshintshi am ahambelana nengxaki yemithombo yeendaba njengeyona nto ibalulekileyo kwinkqubo yemfazwe kodwa ingagxili ikakhulu kuloo nto. Ndizibonele ngokwam njenge ntatheli nanjengombhali ukuba iindaba zeendaba ezihlanganisiweyo zihamba njani kwimigca ecaciswe kakuhle kwimicimbi yemfazwe noxolo ethi icime yonke idatha engqubanayo nale migca. Ndingavuya ukuthetha ngamava am ngakumbi ngokugubungela i-run kunye ne-Syria kwi-Q ne-A.
Kodwa ndilapha ukuthetha ngxaki enkulu kwinkqubo yemfazwe kwaye kuya kwenziwa ntoni malunga nayo.
Ndifuna ukubonisa umbono wezinto ezingakhange zixubushe ngokubalulekayo kwiminyaka emininzi, isiqhelo: isiqhinga sesizwe sokubambisa inxalenye enkulu kakhulu yabemi beli lizwe ukuba bathathe inxaxheba ekunyanzeni ukunyanzelisa i-retreat ye-war state.
Ndiyazi ukuba baninzi kuni kufuneka niyicinge: le nto ingcinga enkulu ye-1970 okanye ye-1975 kodwa ayifanelekanga kwiimeko esijamelana nazo kuluntu namhlanje.
Yinyani ukuba le ngcamango ebonakalayo, ekucingweni kokuqala ukuba ibuyele kwimini yeVietnam yeVietnam, xa imvakalelo yokulwa nemfazwe yomelele kangangokuba iCongress kunye neendaba zeendaba zatshintshelwa ngamandla.
Sonke siyayazi into eyenzekileyo kula mashumi ambalwa eminyaka adlulileyo ukwenza umlo osisigxina "njengesiqhelo esitsha", njengoko uAndrew Bacevich ebeka ngokufanelekileyo. Kodwa makhe ndiphawule ezintlanu zazo ezicacileyo:
- iqulunqo liye latshintshwa ngumkhosi oyingcali, ithatha into ebalulekileyo ekukhutshelweni kwemvakalelo ngexesha le-Vietnam.
- imibutho yezopolitiko kunye neCongress ithatyathwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye yonakaliswe yinkampani yezemikhosi-mveliso.
- kwimeko yemfazwe yaxhaphaza i-9 / i-11 ukuqokelela amandla amakhulu amatsha kunye neyona ndlela efanelekileyo ngakumbi yebhajethi yesigqeba kunaphambili.
- Iindaba zamaphephandaba zifana nemfazwe kunokuba ngaphambili.
- Ukulwa nemfazwe enamandla ehlanganiswe kweli lizwe nakwihlabathi jikelele ekuphenduleni ukuhlasela kwe-Iraq yase-United States kwadlula iminyaka embalwa ngenxa yokungakwazi kwabasebenzi ukuba babe nefuthe kuBush okanye ku-Obama.
Ninako konke ukongeza ezinye izinto kolu luhlu, kodwa zonke ezi zinto ziyanxibelelana kwaye ziyasebenzisana, kwaye nganye kuzo inceda ukucacisa ukuba kutheni imeko yokulwa ubundlobongela ibonakale imfiliba kule minyaka ilishumi idlulileyo. Kucacile ukuba imeko yemfazwe esisigxina iphumelele into eyabizwa nguGramsci njenge "idegemony ideological" ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba intetho yokuqala yezopolitiko kwizizukulwana - iphulo leSanders - khange liyenze umba.
Nangona ndilapha ukuba ndibonise ukuba, nangona ukuba imfazwe kunye nabo bonke ababambene nabo bebucala kubonakala bekhwele phezulu, iimeko zembali ngoku ziyakuthandeka kumngeni wokuqala kwilizwe lemfazwe okokuqala kwiminyaka emininzi.
Okokuqala: iphulo likaSanders libonakalisile ukuba uninzi lwezizukulwana zeminyaka azithembi abo banegunya eluntwini, kuba bayirholisile inkqubo yoqoqosho nezentlalo ukuze baxhamle inani elincinci ngelixa bexakekisa uninzi- kwaye ngakumbi mncinci. Ngokucacileyo imeko yemfazwe esisigxina inokuhlaziywa ngokukuko njengoko kufanelekile kuloo modeli, kwaye oko kuvula ithuba elitsha lokuthatha imeko yemfazwe esisigxina.
Okwesibini: Ungenelelo lomkhosi wase-US e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan ibeyintsilelo ecace gca kangangokuba imeko yangoku yembali iphawulwe ngamanqaku asezantsi ekuxhaseni ungenelelo olukhumbuza iMfazwe yaseVietnam esekupheleni kunye nexesha lasemva kwemfazwe (ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1960 ukuya ekuqaleni kweminyaka yoo-1980). Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika bajikela e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan malunga nokukhawuleza kwabo ngokuchasene neMfazwe yaseVietnam. Kwaye inkcaso yokungenelela komkhosi eSyria, kwanaxa ijongana nokusasazeka kweendaba ezikhuthaza inkxaso yemfazwe enjalo. Uvoto lukaGallup ngoSeptemba 2013 lubonise ukuba inqanaba lenkxaso yokusetyenziswa kwamandla eSyria- iipesenti ezingama-36- yayisezantsi kunaleyo kuzo naziphi na iimfazwe ezintlanu eziphakanyisiweyo ukusukela ukuphela kweMfazwe ebandayo.
Okwesithathu, ukuchithwa ngokucacileyo kwamacandelo amabini kulolu lonyulo kuye kwenza amashumi ezigidi kweli lizwe - ngakumbi abantu abatsha, abamnyama nabazimeleyo - bavulele intlangano edibanisa amachaphaza adinga ukudibaniswa.
Ngaloo miqathango ecacileyo engqondweni, ndiyasikisela ukuba lixesha lokuba uhlanga olusandul 'ukuvuselela uhlanga luze luhlangane kunye neqhinga elichanekileyo lokufezekisa injongo yokuphelisa isigxina sobundlobongela ngokususa iindlela zokungenelela kwimibango yangaphandle.
Yintoni eya kuthetha ntoni? Ezi zilandelayo zizinto ezine eziphambili eziza ku funeka sizibandakanye isicwangciso esinjalo:
(I-1) Umbono ocacileyo, ogqithisileyo wokuthi ukuphelisa i-war state engunaphakade kuya kuthetha ntoni ekusebenziseni ukujolisa okujoliswe kubo abantu ukuxhasa
(2) Indlela entsha yokunyusa nokukhuthaza abantu ukuba bathathe isenzo ngokumelene nesimo semfazwe esisigxina.
(3) Isicwangciso sokufikelela kumaqela athile kuluntu, kwaye
(4) Isicwangciso sokuzisa uxinzelelo lwezopolitiko ukuba sithwale ngenjongo yokuphelisa isigxina semfazwe engapheliyo kwiminyaka elishumi.
Ngoku ndifuna kugxininisa ngokukodwa ekubunzeni umyalezo wephulo ngokubaluleka kokuphelisa i-war state engunaphakade.
Ndicebisa ukuba indlela yokuhlanganisa inani elikhulu labantu kumcimbi wokuphelisa umlo osisigxina kukuthatha amanyathelo ethu kwiphulo leSanders, elibhenele kwimbono ebanzi yokuba iinkqubo zopolitiko nezoqoqosho zibotshiwe ngenxa yezityebi . Kuya kufuneka senze isibheno esifanayo ngokubhekisele kwimeko yemfazwe esisigxina.
Isibheno esinjalo siya kubonakalisa yonke inkqubo eyenza kwaye isebenzise imigaqo-nkqubo yemfazwe yase-US njenge-racket. Ukuyibeka ngenye indlela, imeko yemfazwe esisigxina-amaziko aseburhulumenteni kunye nabantu abanyanzelisa imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkqubo zokuqhuba umlo ongapheliyo- kufuneka banikezelwe igunya ngendlela efanayo nelokuba abaphathi bezemali abalawula uqoqosho banikwe igunya kwicandelo elikhulu abemi baseMelika. Eli phulo kufuneka lixhaphaze ukufana kwezopolitiko phakathi kweWall Street kunye nokhuseleko lukazwelonke ngokubhekisele kokubethwa kwezigidigidi zeedola kubantu baseMelika. KwiWall Street inzuzo engafanelekanga ithathe uhlobo lweenzuzo ezigqithileyo ezivela kuqoqosho olungqingqwa; kukhuseleko lukazwelonke kunye nehlakani lakhe, bathathe uhlobo lokuthimba ulawulo kwimali eyabelwe abarhafi baseMelika ukomeleza amandla abo kunye nawamaziko.
Kwaye kumacandelo omgaqo-nkqubo wezoqoqosho-wezoqoqosho kunye nezokwimfazwe, aba-elites baye baxhamla kwinkqubo yomgaqo-nkqubo.
Ke kufanele ukuba sihlaziye isilogeni sikaGeneral Smedley Butler esingalibalekiyo esivela kwiminyaka yoo-1930, "Imfazwe iyiRacket" ukubonisa inyani yokuba izibonelelo ezifumanekayo ngoku kwiziko lokhuseleko lukazwelonke zenza ukuba abo baxhamla emfazweni kwiminyaka yoo-1930 babonakale ngathi kukudlala komntwana. Ndicebisa isiqubulo esithi "Imfazwe esisigxina yirakethi" okanye "imeko yemfazwe yirakethi".
Le ndlela yokufundisa kunye nokugaya abantu ukuba bayichase imeko yemfazwe ayibonakali kuphela njengeyona ndlela isebenzayo yokuphelisa uluvo lobukumkani belizwe lokhuseleko; Ikwabonisa inyani malunga nawo onke amatyala embali ngongenelelo lwaseMelika. Ndiyibonile ubunyani bayo buqinisekiswa kaninzi-ninzi kuphando lwam lwembali kunye nokunika ingxelo ngemicimbi yezokhuseleko yesizwe.
Ngumgaqo ongenakuphikiswa wokuba ezi ofisi-zomkhosi nezoluntu-zihlala zityhala imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neenkqubo ezingqinelana nomdla wequmrhu elinolawulo kunye neenkokheli zalo-nangona zihlala zisonakalisa imidla yabantu baseMelika.
Ichaza imfazwe eVietnam nase-Iraq, ukunyuka kokubandakanyeka kwe-US e-Afghanistan kunye ne-US inkxaso yemfazwe eSiriya.
Ichaza ukunyuka okukhulu kwe-CIA kwiimfazwe ze-drone kunye nokwandiswa kweeMfuno zoPhuhliso eziZodwa kumazwe e-120.
Yaye ichaza ukuba kutheni abantu baseMerika beboshwe emashumi amaninzi eminyaka ngamashumi amawaka ezixhobo zenyukliya kuphela kunokutshabalalisa eli lizwe kunye nempucuko ngokubanzi-kwaye kutheni imfazwe ngoku ifuna ukuyigcina njengenxalenye ephambili yomgaqo-merika kwiminyaka ezayo.
Inqaku lokugqibela: Ndicinga ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba isiphelo sephulo lesizwe lichazwe ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokweenkcukacha ezaneleyo ukunika ukuthembeka. Kwaye loo ndawo yokuphela kufuneka ibe kwifom abanokuthi abachongi babhekise kuyo njengento yokuxhasa-ngakumbi ngendlela yomthetho ocetywayo. Ukuba nento abantu abanokuyixhasa sisitshixo sokufumana amandla. Lo mbono wokuphela ungabizwa ngokuba "nguMthetho oSisigxina weMfazwe ongapheliyo ka-2018".
