Ukuqala ngoJanuwari 22, 2021 Izixhobo zeNyukliya ziya kuba zingekho Mthethweni

Ngu-Dave Lindorff, nge-26 ka-Okthobha ka-2020

ukusuka Oku akunakwenzeka

Danyaza! Iibhombu zenyukliya kunye neemfazwe zisandula ukujoyina iziqhushumbisi, iibhombu zekhemikhali kunye neziqhushumbisi njengezixhobo ezingekho mthethweni phantsi komthetho wamazwe aphesheya, njenge-Okt. 24  Isizwe sama-50, ilizwe elikuMbindi Merika laseHonduras, laqinisekisa laza lasayina isiVumelwano se-UN kwiThintelo lweZixhobo zeNyukliya.

Ewe kunjalo, inyani yeyokuba ngaphandle kokuchaswa kwemihlaba yeziqhushumbisi kunye nokuqhekezwa kweebhombu yi-UN, i-US isazisebenzisa rhoqo kwaye iyazithengisa nakwamanye amazwe, ayikatshabalalisi ingqokelela yezixhobo zemichiza, kwaye iyaqhubeka nophando olunempikiswano malunga neentsholongwane ezinezixhobo Abagxeki bathi inokubakho kokuzikhusela / ukusetyenziswa okukhubekisayo kunye nenjongo (i-US iyaziwa ukuba isebenzise umlo ongekho semthethweni ngokuchasene neNyakatho Korea kunye neCuba ngexesha lama-50s kunye nee-60s).

Oko kwathethi, umnqophiso omtsha ogxeka izixhobo zenyukliya, elalichaswe ngokuqatha liSebe likaRhulumente wase-US kunye nolawulo lukaTrump kwaye ebelinyanzela amazwe ukuba angatyikityi okanye arhoxe ekuvunyelweni kwawo, linyathelo elikhulu eliya phambili kwinjongo yokupheliswa kwezi zinto zoyikekayo. izixhobo.

U-AsFrancis Boyle, unjingalwazi wezomthetho wamanye amazwe kwiYunivesithi yaseIllinois, oncedise umbhali umthetho wamazwe aphesheya ngokuchasene neentsholongwane nezixhobo zemichiza, uxelela okuCantBeHappening! Baza kukwazi ukuzisusa xa abantu beqonda ukuba abakho mthethweni kwaye baziphethe kakubi kodwa bazizaphuli mthetho. Ke ngenxa yeso sizathu sodwa esi Sivumelwano sibalulekile ngokwaphula umthetho izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nokuthintela inyukliya. ”

UDavid Swanson, umbhali weencwadi ezininzi ephikisana nokuthintelwa kungekuphela kwizixhobo zenyukliya kodwa kwimfazwe uqobo, kunye nomlawuli we-US wombutho wehlabathi World Beyond War, ichaza indlela isivumelwano esitsha se-UN esichasene nezixhobo zenyukliya, ngokwenza izixhobo ezingekho mthethweni phantsi komthetho wamazwe aphesheya phantsi kwe-UN Charter ethi i-US ingumbhali kwaye isayine kwangoko, iyakunceda umbutho odumileyo wehlabathi ukuphelisa ezi zixhobo zokugqibela intshabalalo.

USwanson uthi, “Isivumelwano senza izinto ezininzi. Ibeka amabala abakhuseli bezixhobo zenyukliya kunye namazwe anazo. Inceda intshukumo yokwahlulwa ngokuchasene neenkampani ezichaphazelekayo kwizixhobo zenyukliya, kuba akukho mntu ufuna ukutyala imali kwizinto ezisemthethweni ezithandabuzekayo. Iyanceda ekucinezeleni amazwe ahambelana nomkhosi wase-US ukuba ajoyine ukusayina isivumelwano kunye nokushiya ifantasy yenyukliya. Kwaye inceda ekucinezeleni amazwe amahlanu aseYurophu ngoku avumela ngokungekho mthethweni ukugcinwa koonongendi baseMelika ngaphakathi kwemida yabo. ”

USwanson wongeza, "Inokunceda ekukhuthazeni amazwe kwihlabathi liphela ngeziseko zase-US ukuqala ukubeka izithintelo ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezinokuthi zithunyelwe yi-US kwezo ziseko."

  The Uluhlu lwamazwe angama-50 ukuza kuthi ga ngoku asamkele isivumelwano seUN, kunye nezinye ezingama-34 ezisayinileyo kodwa okwangoku oorhulumente babo abangaqinisekisi ngazo, ziyafumaneka ukuze zihlolwe apha.  Phantsi kwe-UN i-Charter yokuqinisekiswa kwemvumelwano yamazwe aphesheya ye-UN kufuna ukuqinisekiswa ngamazwe angama-50 ukuze iqale ukusebenza. Kwakukho inkuthazo enkulu yokufumana ukuqinisekiswa kokugqibela okufunekayo ngo-2021, okuza kuphawula isikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-75 sokuwa okokuqala kwaye ngombulelo kuphela kwezixhobo zenyukliya ezimbini emfazweni - iibhombu zase-US zehla ngo-Agasti 1945 kwizixeko zaseJapan iHiroshima naseNagasaki .  Ngokuqinisekiswa kweHonduras, iSivumelwano ngoku siza kuqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1, 2021.

Ekumemezeleni ukuqinisekiswa komnqophiso, owenziwe wagqitywa yi-UN General Assembly ngo-2017, uNobhala-Jikelele we-UN u-António Guterres wancoma umsebenzi wemibutho yoluntu kwihlabathi jikelele eyayifuna ukuqinisekiswa. Wakhetha phakathi kwabo u Iphulo Lamazwe ngamazwe lokuSusa iinqwelo zeNyukliya, eyafumana iNobel Peace Prize ngo-2017 ngomsebenzi wayo.

UMlawuli oLawulayo we-ICANW uBeatrice Fihn ubhengeze ukuqinisekiswa kwesi sivumelwano, "isahluko esitsha sokulwa izixhobo zenyukliya."  Uye wongeza wathi, "Iminyaka elishumi yobutshantliziyo ifezekisile into abaninzi ebethe ayinakwenzeka: Izixhobo zenyukliya ziyavalwa."

Ewe, ngokuchanekileyo ngoJanuwari 1, amazwe alithoba anezixhobo zenyukliya (iUS, iRussia, iTshayina, iBritane, iFrance, iIndiya, iPakistan, iIsrael kunye neDemocratic People's Republic of Korea), zonke azizomthetho de zipheliswe.

Xa i-US yayibaleka ukuphuhlisa ibhombu ye-athomu ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, okokuqala ngaphandle kwexhala lokuba i-Hitler yase-Jamani inokuba izama ukwenza kwa into enye, kodwa kamva, ngenjongo yokufumana ubunini bezixhobo eziphezulu zokulawula abachasi. NjengeSoviet Union kunye neChina yamaKomanisi, uninzi lwezazinzulu zeProjekthi yeManhattan, kubandakanya uNils Bohr, u-Enrico Fermi no-Leo Szilard, bachasa ukusetyenziswa kwayo emva kwemfazwe kwaye bazama ukwenza i-US ukuba yabelane ngeemfihlo zebhombu neSoviet Union, Umanyano lwaseMelika ngexesha leWWII. Bacele ukuvuleleka kunye nomzamo wokuthetha-thethana ngezixhobo. Abanye, njengoRobert Oppenheimer ngokwakhe, umlawuli wezenzululwazi weProjekthi yeManhattan, ngokuqatha kodwa engaphumeleli ekuchaseni ukwenziwa kwebhombu yehydrogen eyonakalisayo.

Ukuchaswa kwinjongo ye-US yokugcina ubunini kwibhombu, kunye uloyiko lokuba izakusetyenziswa ngokungathandabuzekiyo ngokuchasene neSoviet Union emva kokuphela kweWWII (njengoko ulawulo lwePentagon kunye neTruman lwalucwangcise ngasese ukwenza xa bevelise iibhombu ezaneleyo kunye neenqwelomoya zeB-29 Stratofortress ukuzithwala), Inkuthazo yezenzululwazi ezininzi zeProjekthi yeManhattan, kubandakanya umbaleki waseJamani uKlaus Fuchs kunye neAmerican Ted Hall, ukuba babe ziimpimpi ezihambisa iimfihlo eziphambili zoyilo lweebhombu ze-uranium kunye neplutonium kubuNjineli baseSoviet, bencedisa iUSSR ukuba ifumane izixhobo zenyukliya ngo-1949 nokukhusela Ukutshiswa, kodwa ukumiliselwa komdyarho weengalo zenyukliya oqhubekekayo ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla.

Ngethamsanqa, umlinganiso woloyiko oveliswe zizizwe ezininzi ezenza izixhobo zenyukliya ezaneleyo kunye neenkqubo zokuhambisa ukunqanda naliphi na ilizwe ukuba lisebenzise isixhobo senyukliya, ngokungathandabuzekiyo kodwa ngethamsanqa likwazile ukugcina nayiphi na ibhombu yenyukliya ukuba ingasetyenziswa emfazweni ukusukela ngo-Agasti ka-1945. I-US, iRussia ne China ziyaqhubeka nokuphucula kunye nokwandisa iindawo zabo zokugcina indawo, kubandakanya nendawo, kwaye baqhubeke nogqatso lokuphuhlisa iinkqubo zokuhambisa ezingenakuthintelwa njengeerokethi ezintsha ezinokuhamba ngokuhambahamba kunye nokuhamba ngenqwelomoya, umngcipheko ukhula kuphela ungquzulwano lwenyukliya, ukwenza lo mnqophiso mtsha uyafuneka ngokungxamisekileyo.

Umsebenzi, ukuya phambili, kukusebenzisa isivumelwano esitsha se-UN sokuthintela ezi zixhobo ukunyanzela amazwe ehlabathi ukuba aziphelise.