Musa ukuSetyenziswa ngabaNzuzi beMfazwe! Ngaba ngokwenene siyazifuna iiDrones ezixhobileyo?

NguMaya Garfinkel kunye noYiru Chen, World BEYOND War, UJanuwari 25, 2023

Abaxhamli bemfazwe bane-vice grip eCanada. Emva kweminyaka ephantse ibe yi-20 yokulibaziseka kunye nempikiswano ejikeleze ukuba iCanada kufuneka ithenge iidrones ezixhobileyo okokuqala, eCanada. umemezele ekwindla ka-2022 iya kuvula ibhidi kubenzi bezixhobo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zeedrones zomkhosi ezixhobileyo. ICanada iye yasithethelela esi sindululo sigqithise kwaye siyingozi phantsi kwengubo eqhelekileyo yokhuseleko. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuhlolisiswa ngokusondeleyo, izizathu zaseKhanada zesindululo azinakuthethelela ukuchitha i-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola koomatshini abatsha bokubulala.

ISebe lezoKhuselo leSizwe liye kuchazwe ukuba "ngelixa [i-drone] iya kuba yinkqubo yokunyamezela ixesha elide eliphakathi kunye nekhono lokubetha oluchanekileyo, iya kuxhotyiswa kuphela xa kuyimfuneko kumsebenzi owabelweyo." Ileta karhulumente yomdla iyaqhubeka inika iinkcukacha ezinokuthi zisetyenziswe kwiidrone ezixhobileyo. Le “misebenzi eyabelweyo” ifanele ukuba uyijongile okwesibini. Umzekelo, uxwebhu lwazisa ngemeko yoqhankqalazo olucingelwayo. “Iinkqubo zeenqwelomoya ezingaphathwanga” zisetyenziselwa ukwenza iipatheni “zovavanyo lobomi” kwiindawo ezininzi “ekurhaneleka ukuba zisebenza ngabavukeli,” iindlela zokuhlola “iinqwelo ezimanyeneyo,” kunye nokubonelela “ngokucupha.” Kwi-plainspeak, oku kuthetha ukuba ubumfihlo babantu bunokuba semngciphekweni. Iidrones zikwanikwe umsebenzi woku kuthwala I-AGM114 imijukujelwa yesihogo kunye neebhombu ezimbini ze-250 lbs GBU 48 laser ekhokelwayo. Oku kusikhumbuza ngeengxelo ezininzi zemikhosi yase-US ebulala ngempazamo abantu base-Afghanistan ngenxa yokuba benze umnxeba ongalunganga ngokusekelwe kumfanekiso othunyelwe kwiidrones.

Urhulumente waseKhanada ukhuphe izicwangciso zokusebenzisa iidrones ezixhobileyo kwiNkqubo yeSizwe yokuJonga i-Aerial Surveillance Programme ukuze ibone izinto ezenziwa elwandle kwi-Canadian Arctic kunye nokukhusela izilwanyana ezisengozini kunye nendalo yaselwandle. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina buthe ngqo besidingo seedrones ezixhobileyo zale nkqubo, njengoko iidrones ezingezizo ezomkhosi. ngokwaneleyo ukwenzela i ukucupha indima. Kutheni urhulumente waseCanada egxininisa ukubaluleka kweedrones ezixhobileyo kwiCanadian Arctic? Singaqikelela ukuba oku kuthenga kuncinci malunga nesidingo solawulo kunye nokuphononongwa kwaye ngaphezulu malunga negalelo kugqatso lwezixhobo esele lunyukile. Ngaphaya koko, ukusetyenziswa kweedrones ezixhobileyo okanye ezingaxhobanga kuMantla eCanada kunokwenzeka ukuba zenzakalise abantu boMthonyama kunokubeka iliso kwimisebenzi yaselwandle yaseArctic. Ngenxa yeziseko zedrone e-Yellowknife, ezikummandla we-Chief Drygeese kumhlaba wemveli we-Yellowknives Dene First Nation, imisebenzi ye-drone exhobileyo iphantse yaqinisekiswa. ukuphakama ukunyhashwa kwabucala nokhuseleko kubantu boMthonyama.

Iinzuzo ekucingelwa ukuba zifumaneka eluntwini lokuthenga iinqwelo-moya ezingenabantu zixhobileyo zimfiliba. Ngelixa imfuno yabaqhubi abatsha inokubonelela ngemisebenzi, njengoko kunokwakha isiseko sedrone exhobileyo, inani lemisebenzi edaliweyo lincinci kakhulu xa lithelekiswa nenani labantu baseCanada abangaphangeliyo ngokubanzi. Inkosi yaseRoyal Canadian Air Force Lt.-Gen. Al Meinzinger wathi yonke i-drone force iya kubandakanya malunga namalungu enkonzo ye-300, kubandakanywa amagcisa, abaqhubi beenqwelo moya, kunye nabanye abasebenzi abavela kwi-Air Force kunye nezinye iziseko zomkhosi. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwinkcitho yokuthenga kokuqala kuphela, imisebenzi engama-300 ngokucacileyo ayinagalelo laneleyo kuqoqosho lwaseKhanada ukuze kuthengwe iidrones ezixhobileyo.

Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, yintoni i-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola, ngokwenene? Inani le-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kunzima ukuliqonda xa lithelekiswa ne-5 lamawaka kunye ne-5 yeedola. Ukulungisa inani, inkcitho yonyaka kuyo yonke iOfisi yoMkomishinala oPhakamileyo weZizwe eziManyeneyo weembacu iye yajikeleza malunga ne-3-4 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Eli lixabiso lilonke lonyaka lokusebenzisa i-arhente ye-UN enceda abantu abamalunga nezigidi ezingama-70 kwihlabathi jikelele ngenkani ukuba bashiye amakhaya abo. Ngaphezu koko, iBritish Columbia inikezela abantu abangenazindlu ngeedola ezingama-600 ngenyanga kuncedo lokurenta, kunye nenkxaso ebanzi yezempilo kunye nentlalontle enokunceda abantu abangaphezu kwama-3,000 abafumana umvuzo ophantsi baseBC bafumane izindlu kwimarike yabucala. Masithi urhulumente waseCanada uchithe i-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola enceda abantu abangenamakhaya endaweni yokubamba izixhobo ngokuzolileyo. Kwimeko enjalo, inokunceda ubuncinane abantu abangama-694,444 abajongene nengxaki yezindlu kunyaka nje omnye.

Ngelixa urhulumente waseKhanada enike izizathu ezininzi zokuthenga iidrones ezixhobileyo, yintoni kanye kanye ebangela konke oku? Ukususela ngoNovemba 2022, abavelisi bezixhobo ezimbini bakwinqanaba lokugqibela lokhuphiswano: L3 Technologies MAS Inc. kunye neGeneral Atomics Aeronautical Systems Inc. Bobabini baye bathumela ii-lobbyists ukuba bafune iSebe lezoKhuselo leSizwe (DND), i-Ofisi yeNkulumbuso (PMO) , kunye namanye amasebe federal amaxesha amaninzi ukususela 2012. Ngaphezu koko, isicwangciso Canada Public Pension kwakhona sinikezwe kwi-L-3 kunye ne-8 yeenkampani eziphezulu zezixhobo. Ngenxa yoko, abantu baseCanada batyale imali ngokunzulu kwimfazwe nakugonyamelo lwaseburhulumenteni. Ngamanye amazwi, sihlawulela imfazwe ngelixa ezi nkampani zizuza kuyo. Ngaba le nto sifuna ukuba yiyo? Kunyanzelekile ukuba abantu baseCanada bathethe ngokuchasene nokuthengwa kwedrone.

Izizathu zikaRhulumente waseKhanada zokuthenga iidrones ezixhobileyo ngokucacileyo azilunganga ngokwaneleyo, njengoko zibonelela ngamathuba alinganiselweyo engqesho kwaye uncedo olulinganiselweyo kukhuselo lwelizwe aluthetheleli itegi yexabiso le-5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola. Kwaye ukuphenjelelwa rhoqo kweCanada ngababoneleli bezixhobo, kunye nokubandakanyeka kwabo emfazweni, kusenza sizibuze ukuba ngubani ophumeleleyo ngokwenene ukuba oku kuthengwa kwe-drone exhobileyo kuyaqhubeka. Nokuba kungenxa yoxolo, okanye inkxalabo yokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweedola zerhafu zabahlali baseCanada, abantu baseCanada kufuneka baxhalabe malunga nokuba le 5 yeebhiliyoni zeedola kwinto ebizwa ngokuba yinkcitho yokhuselo iya kusichaphazela njani sonke.