Ngu: Erica Stanojevic, uJulayi 18, 2019
Amadolophu kunye neengingqi zibamba iiligidi zeedola zemali kawonkewonke kwiibhanki zaseWall Street. Ngokusemthethweni, ezi bhanki zenkampani zilawula kwaye zilawula le mali, ezizisebenzisayo ukuxhasa iimashishini ezinobungozi kubandakanya: amajele aseburhulumenteni, amaziko okugcinwa kwamanye amazwe, abavelisi beempahla, iimveliso zamanzi kunye nezinye iimali-mali ezibeka phambili ingeniso kwinkampani kubantu. Le mabhanki amakhulu-nakwehlulekayo nawo asebenza kwiingozi ezikhohlakeleyo eziye zaphazamisa uqoqosho lwehlabathi kwi-2008. Kungenxa yoko Umbutho weBhanki kaRhulumente waseCalifornia (CPBA), umbutho wemibutho kunye nabasebenzi baseCalifornia, usebenza ukudala iibhanki zorhulumente zikamasipala kunye noluntu. Ibhanki yoluntu isebenza njengethuluzi elinamandla lokugcina iirhafu zentlawulo kwiindawo zasekuhlaleni.
I-CPBA ikhuthaza umthetho oya kunika oomasipala amandla okudala amabhanki anesidlangalaleni ngaphesheya kweCalifornia. UMthetho weBhilidi kaRhulumente weBhanki ye-California 857 (AB 857) uye wangena ngeNdibano kwaye ngoku i-Senate. Kuza kusekwa isakhelo sokulawula inkqubo yeebhanki zorhulumente kwilizwe elibandakanya: i-charter enoxanduva loluntu, amaqendu okuchasa inkohlakalo, kunye no-100% obala. Iibhanki zikawonkewonke zikhuthaza inkqubo yecandelo elizimeleyo nelolawulo likawonke-wonke eliphendulayo kubantu abakhonzayo. Ngokungafani neebhanki ezizimeleyo, ezibeka phambili ukubuyiswa kwabanini-zimali, iibhanki zikarhulumente ziphakamisa i-deposit base kunye namandla okuboleka ekuncedeni uluntu.
UBill AB 857 ibhaliwe ngoko oorhulumente basekhaya bakhela izakhiwo eziphendula iimfuno zoluntu lwabo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, xa iphrojekthi yezakhiwo zikawonkewonke ixhaswa ngemali, malunga nesiqingatha sabakhokhi berhafu abahlawulayo baya kuhlawula izibophelelo. Le mali ibandakanya inzala kunye nemali yebhanki. Konke oku kuyimfuneko kuba imali yerhafu yendawo izakuqokelelwa ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka emininzi, kanti iprojekthi idinga imali enkulu ngokukhawuleza ukuze iqalise. Ibhanki kawonke kawonkewonke ayifuni ukuhlawulwa kwamazinga aphezulu, ukunciphisa iindleko ziseko zengqalasizinda, ngelixa umrhumo othobekileyo kakhulu uhlawuliswa kwakhona kwiindawo zoluntu (endaweni ye-Wall Street).
I-charter ingafuna ukutshala imali. Emva kokuqhankqalaza kwi-Standing Rock, ezininzi izixeko zathi zizimisele ukuhlula kwioli, kodwa zangekho ndlela yokwenza njalo. Iibhanki zikawonkewonke zinokufunwa ukuba zingabalomali kwiifriyeli okanye kumashishini emfazwe. Ngomqulu onamandla kwaye uqhubeka nokujonga uluntu, sinokusebenzisa ibhanki kawonkewonke njengendlela yokusebenza hlukana e mfazweni. Kunoko, uluntu lunokukhetha ukugxila kwiingxowa-mali kwiindlela zokuvuselela.
Iibhanki zikawonkewonke ziphumelele. Ibhanki yaseNyakatho Dakota ihlangene nokuhla kwezomnotho ngenxa yokukwazi ukusebenzisana kunye neebhanki zendawo kunye nokuxhasa ukuphuhlisa kwezoqoqosho ngaphakathi kwiphondo. Unxibelelwano oluqinileyo lweebhanki zoluntu eJamani sele luncedise ukuvuselela amandla okuvuselela amandla. Iibhanki zikawonkewonke ezenziwe phantsi kwe-AB 857 ziza kufuneka zifumane i-FDIC (federal) yinshurensi, kwaye ibe neemfuno ezifanayo zokubambisa iibhanki ezizimeleyo.
Ngomgaqo-nkqubo, imibutho yabasebenzi yezezimali inyiniwe kwimali abanokuyilawula, ngenxa yoko abekho kwimeko yokwamkela nokusingatha iidipozithi ezinkulu, njengazo zonke iirhafu zepropathi eziqokelelwe yidolophu. Banako, nangona kunjalo, kunye neebhanki zalapha ekhaya, basebenza njengamaziko enkonzo "ezitena nodaka" yemali yoluntu. Oku kuyakwandisa indima yemibutho yabathengi kunye neebhanki zalapha ekhaya. I-AB 857 ifuna ukuba iinkonzo zentengiso ezinikezelwa yibhanki kawonkewonke zenziwe ngokubambisana namaziko emali asekuhlaleni, ngaphandle kokuba akukho manyano yamatyala kuloo ndawo.
Ngexesha elithile sitshintsha ubudlelwane bethu noMhlaba. Ngokuxhobisa uluntu lwethu lwendawo ukuba siqaphele ngendlela esisebenzisa ngayo iinkqubo zethu zezemali, sinokuhlula kwimfazwe size silwele ukuphilisa umhlaba. Sinethuba lokudala enye inkcazo yebhanki ngokusebenzisa iibhanki zengingqi ezilawulwa yilapho, ezilawulwa yintlalo kunye noluntu, ezenza izixeko kunye neekomiti ziphinde ziphinde zibuyele iidola zikawonkewonke, ngelixa zithetha malunga nokuxhaswa kwemimandla yethu.
Ukufumana ulwazi oluninzi malunga nebhanki yoluntu, khangela I-Banking Institute Institute kwaye i Umbutho weBhanki kaRhulumente waseCalifornia.
Izimpendulo ze-2
usapho lwam lusebenzisa iibhanki kwaye andibangeli ukuba ndisebenzise imali kuphela njengomnikelo.
Kudala nditsho okwethutyana ngoku kufuneka sivale iWall St. kwaye sisasaze ubutyebi bayo kwilizwe ngalinye. I-Wall St yim monopoly kuba yindlela abayifunayo kwaye bazitshabalalisile zonke ezinye izinto zotshintshiselwano. Kufuneka sibuyele kwinqanaba lotyalo-mali lukarhulumente kunye notshintshiselwano kwinqanaba likarhulumente elifuna ukuba imibutho kula mazwe ifumane imali ngotshintshiselwano lukarhulumente. Ngokuqinisekileyo akufuneki ukuba ibekelwe umda kwenye inokuba inye kwiphondo. Ngokwenyani ubuyisela ulawulo kumazwe apho imibutho isebenza khona kwaye ilizwe ngalinye limisela imigaqo yamashishini abafuna ukuwaxhasa ngokuyintloko enza iibhanki zikarhulumente.