Akuwona umsebenzi, kuyintengiso, okanye
Ukugqoka iimpahla zakho yi-camo entsha
NguCJ Hinke
Excerpted kusuka Ama-Radicals amahhala: Abahlaseli beMfazwe entolongweni nguCJ Hinke, ozayo ukusuka kwi-Trine-Day kwi-2016.
Kukho izizathu ezininzi zokuncedisa umkhosi wemikhosi njengoko kukho izidumbu. Amazwe onke amabutho anqwenela ukuhlutha amadoda athile xa engafundanga, angenalwazi, kwaye engasebenzi. Kuthatha ilijoni likhuphe ngakumbi ukuphosa isikhali sakhe kunokubulala umfokazi.
Kukho abahlaseli kwilizwe lonke elinemikhosi. Imikhosi ifuna ukuthobela imfama kwaye abantu bafuna ukukhululeka.
Kutheni amadoda ehla? Ngokuqinisekileyo kungekhona kwintlanzi. Kuthatha isibindi ngakumbi ukuphuka kwipakethi kunye nokuthembela kwawo kubuzwe obukrakra. I-36% yamadoda ebhekene nelifa okokuqala ngqa ayesaba ukubizwa ngokuba ngumloyiko kunokuba yalimala okanye abulawe.
Ukugula-imfazwe kuye kwabizwa ngamagama amaninzi ngabafundi beengqondo. Kwimfazwe yaseMelika, iSifo seDaCosta okanye intliziyo yesoldati; kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi I, ukuxhatshazwa kwegobolondo, ukuguquka kwezifo okanye isimo se-fugue, impendulo yendiza; kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ukuxhatshazwa kwelokulwa, ukulwa nokulwa; eVietnam, ukuxhatshazwa, ukuxhatshazwa, ukulwa noxinzelelo; kwi-oh-so-modern-disumatic stress disorder eyabelwe yiasolwandle kunye nabaqhubi beedonon.
Zonke ezi zixilongo ziye zavalwa kwaye zikhankanywe ngokucatshungulwa, nakwiimagazini zonyango. Injongo yonyango kukuba, ukuthumela amajoni kwimfazwe. I-600,000 ikhutshwe kwi-Army yase-US yedwa malunga nezikhalazo ze-neuropsychiatric. Njengoko kuphawuliwe Fortune kwimagazini, ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, "iminyaka eyi-25 emva kokuphela kweMfazwe 'Enkulu', phantse isiqingatha seembhedlele ze-67,000 kwiibhedlele zoLawulo lwee-Veterans zihlala zihlala zixhatshazwa yi-neuropsychiatric yeMfazwe Yehlabathi I." ikota yezo zonke iiMfazwe zeMfazwe ze-II zengqondo.
Iintlanzi azinzima. Abaninzi babengafuni ukubulala emva kokujoyina umkhosi. Abanye bafumana ubunzima beengcinga. Abanye babenemindeni ehlwempu ekhaya. Ilizwe elifanelekileyo okanye elingalunganga? Yiyiphi inkohliso!
"Ukuxhatshazwa" kuyigama elincinci kuluntu. Sicinga ngabo ngokuthi "ababuyiselwayo" kwibudlova yonke imfazwe. Silindele ukuba babuye ekhaya, baziqhenyce ukuba abazange babulale nabani na.
Nangona isihlomelo sase-US sokushiywa ngexesha lokulwa lihlala lifile, akukho nkunkuma yaseMelika eye yakhonza ngaphezu kweenyanga ze-24 ukususela ngoSeptemba 11, 2001. Iimiselo ze-Nuremburg zidinga ijoni ukuba lilandele nayiphi na i-oda engabangela ukuthunyelwa kolwaphulo-mthetho olubhekiselele kuluntu. (Yintoni enye enye imfazwe!)
Imfazwe ye1812 (1812-1815)
I-12.7% yazo yonke imikhosi yaseMerika ishiyiwe ngokuthelekiswa ne-14.8% ngexesha loxolo. Oku kwakukho ngenxa yesohlwayo sokufa ngenxa yokuba "uhlaselo" olunjalo. Uninzi lwajongene nesishwankathelo sokusebenza.
IMfazwe yaseMexico naseMerika (1846-1848)
I-8.3%, i-9,200 amasosha ase-US ashiyiwe.
Imfazwe Yase-US (1861-1865)
Ibutho laseNyakatho leManyano lijongene nokukhwabanisa okukhulu kunokwi-Confederacy yasezantsi. Ngaphezulu kwezidumbu ze-87,000 zarekhodwa ukusuka kumazwe amathathu asekuntla, i-180,000 i-deserters ngokupheleleyo ekupheleni kwemfazwe. Umzantsi kuthiwa ulahlekelwe i-103,400 ekukhunjuleni kwimfazwe, kuquka iinqununu ezipheleleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ininzi i-278,000 yamaqela e-500,000 ayiphumelele ekupheleni kwemfazwe. UMark Twain ushiyeke kumacala omabini. UWilliam Smitz weVolontiya yasePennylvania yaseNyakatho wayengumdlali wokugqibela owadutshulwa ngokudubula i-1865.
IMfazwe Yehlabathi I (1914-1918)
I-240,000 yaseBritani kunye namajoni akwa-Commonwealth yayinkundla ye-martialed kunye ne-346 yabulawa ngenxa yokwenkqisa, ukwesaba, ukuyeka isithuba, ukulahla umyalelo, okanye ukulahla iingalo kwi-3,080 isigwebo sokufa ngexesha "iMfazwe yokuQeda zonke iiMfazwe," kuquka i-25 Canada kunye ne-22 BaseIreland. Ziyakhunjulwa yiShowt at Dawn Memorial eServordshire. Isikhumbuzo sahlonyelwa kwi-17 ubudala ubudala we-Private Herbert Burden, eboshwe amehlo kwaye eboshwe esigxotsheni. Phantse onke lawa magama ahlamba ayengenakongezwa kwimemori yokulwa. Abanye, nangona kungabikho bonke, baye baxolelwa emva koorhulumente waseBrithani. Abambalwa benqaba ukuvalela xa bejongene neqela lokudubula, bekhetha ukujonga kwijiso. (Kwaye ezi ngongoma?!?)
Ngaphezu kwama-600 aseFransi amasosha abulawa ngenxa yokuchithwa.
Amajoni aseJamani aseJamani abulawa ngenxa yokuchithwa.
I-28 i-New Zealand abalahlayo bagwetyelwa ukufa kwaye bahlanu babulawa. La majoni aye axolelwa emva kwe2000.
Umkhosi wase-United States obhalise i-21,282 deserters noMongameli Woodrow Wilson baphendule zonke izigwebo zokufa ze-24 ngenxa yezidumbu.
IMfazwe Yehlabathi II (1939-1945)
Ngaphezulu kwe-21,000 yaseMelika abahlaziyiweyo bavalelwa kwaye bavalelwa ngokuchithwa ngexesha "Imfazwe Efanelekileyo". Nangona i-49 yayigwetyelwe ukufa, yodwa kuphela, i-Private Eddie Slovik, ijoni elaye lazinikela ngokuzenzekelayo ukucima amasimi am, labulawa ngo-Januwari 31, 1945 eSainte-Marie-aux-Mines eFransi. Isibhengezo sakhe sokugqibela sasithi, "Ndiza kuphinda ndibaleke kwakhona ukuba ndimele ndihambe apho."
UMongameli oPhakamileyo kunye noMongameli waseMelika, uDwight D. Eisenhower, waqinisekisa isigwebo sokufa kukaSlovik, esithi "kwakudingekile ukuphazamisa ukunyanzelwa komnye". Slovik wathi, "Bandixubile ngesonka kunye nokuhlafuna i-gum ndaba xa ndiyiminyaka eyi-12."
Ukubulawa kweSlovik kwafihliwe kubahlali baseFransi. Wayeboshwe kwiingalo kunye neengalo, amadolo, kunye namaqhosha kwaye waxhonywa kwi-spike kwi-six-six-post post malunga nodonga lwamatye kwindlu yokufama yaseFransi. Amajoni e-12 akhishwe izibhamu ze-M-1, enye yodwa equlethe iingubo ezingenanto. Emva kwe-volley yokuqala, Private Slovik akazange afe; Wafa njengoko amajoni ayephinda alayishe kwakhona. U-Eddie Slovik wayengumdlali wokuqala wokuqala waseMerika ukuba abulawe ukususela ekubeni uLincoln wayengumongameli. Wayengu 24.
I-Slovik yangcwatyelwa kwingcwaba elandelwayo kwiRow 3, i-Grave 65 yePlothi "E" kunye ne-95 yaseSANDI ebulawa ngamacala okudlwengula nokubulala, kwaze kwaba yilapho i-1987 xa uMongameli uRonald Reagan wayala ukubuyela kwakhe. Uncwatyelwe eDetroit, ecaleni komkakhe, uAntoinette. Wayecela abameli abasixhenxe base-US ukuba abuyele ade afikele kwi-1979, engazange athole inzuzo yezokwelapha ze-GI.
IMfazwe Yehlabathi II yabona iinkundla ze-1.7 ze-US-i-martial, i-third to all of the US. NgoMeyi 1942 yedwa, kwakukho izihlomelo ze-2,822 ezivela emsebenzini.
Amasosha ase-Austrian ase-1,500 ashiya i-German Wehrmacht. Iphulo lokuyikhumbula laqalwa kwi-1988 nomxholo othi, "Ukuxhatshazwa akunakulungiswa, imfazwe". Kwi-2014, bahlonishwa sisikhumbuzo, iSikhumbuzo sabaxhoba bezobuLungisa baseMazi. Umzobo uhlala eVienna ngokubhekiselele kwi-Chancellory yaseAustria kunye ne-ofisi kaMongameli. Kubhalwe nje ngamagama amabini kuphela, "bonke bebodwa".
EJamani, amasosha angama-15,000 abulawe ngenxa yokuchithwa nguRhulumente wamaNazi. Ziyakhunjulwa kwi-2007 nguDeserteur Denkmal eStuttgart. Kuzinikezelwe "Kwiintlanga ezivela kuzo zonke iimfazwe".
Imfazwe yaseVietnam (i-1955-1975)
Ubuncinane amasosha ase-US akwa-50,000 ashiyiwe, kuquka nabaninzi ababalekela eCanada, eFransi naseSweden.
I-Soviet Union, kuyo yonke imbali yayo i-1917-1991, i-158,000 idilesi kunye ne-135,000 Red Army. Ezinye i-1.5 izigidi ze-Soviet zokulwa iimfazwe phantsi kwamaNazi zithunyelwa kuma-gulags aseSiberia ekubuyiseleni kwabo ngenxa yokungahambisani naso.
I-60,000-80,000 imikhosi yamazwe aseSoviet yaseMasitere aseMpumalanga Asia yashiywa ngexesha Imfazwe Yase-Afghan 1979-1989. Amasosha ase-Afghanistan ase-85,000 aphinde ayeke ngexesha leli xesha.
Imfazwe e-Afghanistan, e-Iraq kunye nezinye ezininzi (i-2001-ikhona)
Ukususela kwi-2000, i-Pentagon ilinganisa ngaphezu kweempi zama-40,000 zishiye kuzo zonke amasebe ezenkonzo zempi. Ku-2001 yodwa, i-7,978 ishiyiwe.
Ngaphezu kwe-5,500 yamaMerika asele e-2003-2004. Kwi-2005, amasosha ase-3,456 ayalahlwa. Ngo-2006, loo nombolo yayifinyelele kwi-8,000.
Kwi-2006, ibutho lase-UK libikwe kwi-1,000 deserters.
US Army Sergeant Bowe Bergdahl wahlawuliswa ngokutshatyalaliswa "nokuziphatha kakubi" phambi kotshaba emva kokushiya isikhundla sakhe e-Afghanistan kwi-2009. Wayebanjwa yiTaliban iminyaka emihlanu ngaphambi kokuba atshintshwe kwi-2014 kwiingqungquthela ezi-6 zase-Afghans eziphezulu ezigcinwe yi-US kwisiseko sabo sejele e-Guantánamo Bay, eCuba. Omnye wabulawa ngaphambi kokutshintshiselwa ukuba amahlanu aseTaliban akhululwe yi-US, umphathi wezemikhosi, isekela likamphathiswa weengcaphephe, owayengumphathiswa wezinto zangaphakathi kunye nabalawuli ababini abakhulu. I-Taliban ekuqaleni yayifuna i-$ 1 yezigidi kunye nokukhululwa kweziboshwa ze-21 Afghan kunye nososayensi wasePakistan owabulala amajoni ase-US. (UMongameli Obama ngokwenene 'uxoxisana namaagorha'.) UMlawuli oyiNtloko uthathe i-photo-op kunye nabazali bakaBergdahl kwiRose Garden.)
Kubonakala ukuba umfana omncinci utshutshiswa ngenxa yokuba, ingenjalo, unokufuna imbuyekezo evela kurhulumente wase-US ngenxa yokubanjwa kwintolongo yemfazwe. (I-US ingakwazi ukuchitha ii-trillion kwiimfazwe, kwaye ihlawule inkundla yokulwa kodwa inqaba ukuhlawula elinye ijoni!) UBergdahl ubhekene nesigwebo sentyala enkundleni.
Ngoko yintoni le nkwenkwe efundiswe ekhaya yase-Idaho eyayifunde ukucima kunye ne-ballet, ingazange ibe nemoto kwaye ihambe yonke indawo ngebhayisekile ukuya empini, nokuba kunjalo? Iqhinga: umbane wezempi uza kuthatha nayiphi na i-cannon ifowuni ingafumana! UBowe uhamba ukusuka ekuphumeni kwangexesha elide kwiindwendwe zeBuddha eziya esikolweni sabantwana base-Fort Benning. NjengoPvt. Slovik, Sgt. Bergdahl, wamemezela injongo yakhe 'yokuhamba waya ezintabeni zasePakistan',, ethatha ikhampasi yakhe kuphela. Emva kokuba afunde isiPashto, iBergdahl wachitha ixesha elininzi kunye nama-Afghans kunamajoni eqela lakhe le-counterinsurgency. Wabhala abazali bakhe "wayenentloni yokuba ngumMerika" kwaye wayejonga ukulahla ubuzwe bakhe baseMzantsi Afrika, inkcazelo encinane engcwatywe yiNdlu eNtshonalanga. Abazali bakhe babhala kwakhona, "LUNGANI INKQUBO YAKHO!"
I-64% yabaseKhanadi bachongiwe ukuba bacele urhulumente wabo ukuba amkele ababaleki baseMelika emva kokubakho imfesane emva kokubamba imfesane kwiPalamente kwi-2008 ne-2009. Amakhulu ama-American deserters abalekele eCanada.
Nangona kunjalo, le migudu yezomthetho yayingeyona imbopheleleko. Urhulumente waseCanada uye wathatha umgaqo onzima wokuxoshwa kwabangenayo kwi-US, ngokuhluke kancinci kwixesha laseVietnam, kwaye abaninzi abaseMerika bahamba phantsi phantsi eCanada.
I-BBC igqabaze ngetyala elalisenzeka kumchasi wemfazwe wase-Iraq uJeremy Hinzman ngo-2004: “AmaMelika asengxakini ebesele ebalekela eCanada kangangeenkulungwane… emva koqhushululu lwaseMelika… [nakwi] Underground Railroad eyaphembelela amakhoboka aseMelika ukubaleka. kwinkululeko… ”.
Nangona ndicebisa, ndabancedisa kwaye ndabangela amakhulu amakhulu e-Vietnam abaqeshweyo kwi-1960 njengenxalenye yoMbutho Wezoxolo Wabafundi, Ukunyaniseka, kunye neKomiti Ephambili Yezabelo Zenkolo, ndandithintana nabamnyama baseMelika. Ndaqala ukukhuthaza ukukhwabanisa kwi-Gensuikin enkulu, phambi kombutho omkhulu wemikhosi yase-US ekuthunyeleni imikhosi e-Vietnam eNaha, e-Okinawa, kwi-1969. Ndifike ngomkhumbi waza ndashiya kwindiza yangasese.
Ndisaqhubeka nokukhuthaza, isiluleko, ukuncedwa nokuphelelwa yintliziyo ngabani na enkonzweni yempi naphi na. Izidumbu azikho nje amaqhawe esizwe. Ziyiqhawe lehlabathi eliye lala ukubulala abantu kunye namajoni ngaphandle komhlaba.
Awukwazi ukwenza okulungileyo kunokuba ufune ukubulala. Ukuba usemkhosini, umkhosi womntu, yenza into efanelekileyo: HLAWULA!
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Ucaphulo
I-Wikipedia, "Ukunciphisa"
UCharles Glass, Deserters: Ibali lokugqibela elingaziwayo leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, i-2013.
UWilliam Bradford U-Huie, Ukuphunyezwa kwe-Private Slovik, i-1954. I-movie ye-1974 yegama elifanayo elisekelwe kwincwadi kwaye iqwalasela uMartin Sheen.
UBenedict B. Kimmelman, "Umzekelo we-Private Slovik", iMveli yamaMerika, ngoSeptemba / Oktobha 1987. http: /www.americanheritage.com/node/55767
UJoseph Heller, uCatch-22, eNew York: USimon & Schuster, ngo-1961.
URay Rigby, The Hill, eNew York: UJohn Day, i-1965.
Izimpendulo ze-14
Imalunga nexesha lokuphuma, iiduphu zaseMelika.
Kuthekani ukuba bayinikela imfazwe, kwaye akukho namnye owafika? Ndiyayibonga abaduni ngenxa yokungabonakali.
Urhulumente uya kuhlala elwa imfazwe. Ukungena kwi-Indoctrination okanye ukufumbathisa yiyona ndlela ye-2 ephezulu yokufumana ifowuni yefowuni. Njengoko nawuphi na umsebenzi banokuqesha kuphela abo bafaka izicelo. HLELA UKUQALA! Nangona i-Force iyatholakala xa kuqeshwe abantu.
Awuzange uve na… kukho imfazwe kwabasetyhini. Amadoda namakhwenkwe kulula.
Inkcubeko ehloniphekileyo yase-US
Kuthiwani ngeBritani, isiFrentshi, isiRashiya isiJamani, isiJapan, isiShayina
Bambalwa abahlaseli beArmed Red, badutshulwa. Bambalwa abaphangi baseJapan basePasifike, bazivale emaphandleni, Abancinci baseJamani babedlala
Ewe, ukukhwabanisa ngokuzilimaza yindlela yokuphuma e-US kodwa ufumana ibhola kwi-Red Army
isithethe salo sokutshatyalaliswa?
yonke i-bergdahl kwakufuneka iyenze yatsho i-sgt yakhe. ukuba yena
wayefuna ukuvakalisa ukuba unembeza unqwenela ukuba unyanzelekile
yayiza kukhutshwa kwaye ithunyelwe ekhaya ekungabikho ukulwa
msebenzi. sasine-quaker e-mcrd san diego kwi-52
ya thunyelwa iziko elikhulu lokuqeqeshelwa amaziko olwandle
uqeqesho lwabalandeli. kunzima kangakanani loo nto?
Ukuba awukwazi ukuyilawula ngokufanelekileyo into yokulahla, ubuncinci “dubula uphulukane”. Emva koko ubunokuhlala nesazela sakho.
Igqala elalisuka kwiimfazwe zethu zakutshanje kumbindi mpuma landixelela ukuba “Ndiyayicaphukela into yokuba abantu bendibulela ngenkonzo yam. Ndichubekile kodwa inyani yile, ndoyikisa abantu. Ndakhaba eminyango yabo, ndaphosa iziqhushumbisi kumagumbi azele ngabasetyhini nasebantwaneni, ndathoba ezimbombeni - ndibazalisa begcwele ilothe kuba singaboni zandla zabo. ” Ndicinga ukuba ndiyasiqonda isizathu sokuba indoda ingavumi ukwenza loo nto.
Bonke abatshayayo kunye nabahlaseli baqeshwe bafanelwe ukuba bazuze ngokukhawuleza ubutyebi obungenamkhawulo kunye nokuba ngabemi kuzo nawuphi na amazwe afuna.
Kukho impazamo kule nqaku. IVietnam yayingu 500,000 ayikho i-50,000. Ngokwe-Pentagon ingxelo. https://www.huffingtonpost.com/marjorie-cohn/us-government-sanitizes-v_b_6003704.html
Ngokwenene uthatha umntu oqinileyo, onesibindi nokuziphatha kakuhle ukuba akwazi ukumelana nokulwa nokulwa nemfazwe engekho mthethweni, kwaye angabandakanyeli kwezinye izenzo ezimbi ezenziwa ngabantu base-Iraq. Ndibaxhasa ngandlela-thile kwaye sinqwenela ngokwenene kubo bonke kwaye banomdla kubantu abanentliziyo efanelekileyo.
Xa ndenza uphando lolohlu lozalo, ndafumana umzala wesibini okanye wesithathu owayengavumi ukuya kwiNqaba Yehlabathi II yesikolo. Ndiyibambe njengento endiyenza ngayo zonke izihlobo zam ezilwa neMfazwe Yehlabathi II.
Isiteyitimenti senziwe “nguEddie Slovik wabucala, ijoni elizinikele ekususeni amasimi emigodini…” Ngaba ukhona umthombo othembekileyo wolwazi? Igama lika (Ngubani) owenza ingxelo okanye onike ingxelo yenqaku lakho? Umhla (Nini)? Indawo (Phi)? Iimeko ezazisenziwa phantsi kwazo ingxelo (ngaphambili, ngexesha, emva komlo wenkundla, okanye ngaphambi kokubulawa okwakusenziwa)? Isiteyitimenti sinefuthe elibalulekileyo ngokunxulumene novavanyo olunzulu lomthetho / lwembali kunye nohlalutyo lwefayile yamatyala eSlovik!
Il ne faut pas non plus idéaliser la desertion, some désertent pa manque d'action...
En général les Gens qui s'engagent dans les armées Occidentales et surtout dans l'infanterie savent très bien qu'ils vont devoir ”tuer” umzuzu ongeyomfuneko kwi-autre lors de leurs carrière.
En générale ils désertent car nos institution leurs font croire qu'ils vont aller sauver la veuve et l'orphelin alors qu'il n'en est rien.
On tombe souvent sur les mêmes statistiques, desertion au bout de 2 ans de service, soit après un ou deux deploiements. Tout ce petit monde construit par nos institution depuis notre enfance s'écroule, on se sent trahis et on va au régiment avec une boule au ventre.
Siqukumbela ngokuqukumbelayo malunga namaziko omkhosi athathelwe ingqalelo la stratégie de ”la meilleurs defense c'est l'attaque” jusqu'au bout en stigmatisant d'office les déserteurs alors que en réalité ils nous confinence de prepraciones.