Sibona utshintsho olothusayo kwiparadigm yehlabathi yokuba umhlaba uzijonga njani izixhobo zenyukliya.
I-Titan II ICBM kwiTitan Missile Museum eArizona (USteve Jurvetson, CC BY-NC 2.0)
Ngu-Alice Slater, ngoJulayi 13, 2017, baphinde bathunyelwa Wesizwe.
ngo-Julayi 7, 2017, kwiNkomfa ye-UN egunyaziswe yi-UN General Assembly ukuba ixoxisane ngesivumelwano sokuthintela izixhobo zenyukliya, ekuphela kwezixhobo zentshabalalo enkulu ekusafuneka zivaliwe, amazwe ali-122 awugqibile umsebenzi emva kweeveki ezintathu, ephelekwa kukudubula. ukugcoba, iinyembezi, kunye nokuqhwatywa kwezandla phakathi kwamakhulu amatshantliziyo, abathunywa bakarhulumente, neengcali, kunye nabasindileyo kwibhombu yenyukliya ebulalayo yaseHiroshima kunye namangqina kwizigulo zenyukliya ezonakalisayo, ezinobungozi ePacific. Umnqophiso omtsha uphula umthetho kuyo nayiphi na into enqatshelwe enxulumene nezixhobo zenyukliya, kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa, isoyikiso ekusebenziseni, uphuhliso, ukuvavanya, ukuvelisa, ukuvelisa, ukufumana, ukugcina, ukugcina, ukuhambisa, ukufumana, ukumisa, ukumisa, kunye nokuhambisa izixhobo zenyukliya. Ikwavala amazwe ekuboneleleni ngoncedo lokubolekisa, kubandakanya izinto ezingavumelekanga njengokuxhasa ngezimali uphuhliso kunye nokwenziwa kwazo, ukuzibandakanya kumalungiselelo ezomkhosi nokucwangcisa, kunye Ukuvumela ukuhamba kwezixhobo zenyukliya ngamanzi endawo okanye isithuba somoya.
Sibona utshintsho olothusayo kwiparadigm yehlabathi yokuba ilizwe lijonga njani izixhobo zenyukliya, zisizisa kulo mzuzu uzukileyo. Utshintsho luye lwayiguqula incoko kawonke-wonke malunga nezixhobo zenyukliya, ukusuka kuleya indala, intetho endala malunga "nokhuselo" lwesizwe kunye nokuthembela kwayo "kuthintelo lwenyukliya" kubungqina obubhengezwe ngokubanzi beziphumo ezibi zentlalo ezinokubangelwa kukusetyenziswa kwazo. Uthotho lweenkcazo ezinyanzelekileyo zeziphumo ezibi zentlekele yenyukliya, eziququzelelwe ngoorhulumente abakhanyiselweyo nemibutho yoluntu Iphulo Lamazwe ngamazwe lokuSusa iinqwelo zeNyukliya, iphefumlelwe yingxelo emangazayo evela kwiKomiti yaMazwe ngaMazwe yoMnqamlezo obomvu ethetha nabantu iziphumo zemfazwe yenyukliya.
Kwiintlanganiso ezazisingethwe yiNorway, iMexico neOstriya, ubungqina obuninzi babonisa intshabalalo eyasongela uluntu kwizixhobo zenyukliya — imigodi, ukugaya, ukuvelisa, ukuvavanya nokusetyenziswa kwazo — ngabom okanye ngengozi okanye ngokungakhathali. Olu lwazi lutsha, lubhengeza ukoyikeka okunokubangelwa yiplanethi yethu, kwanika amandla ngalo mzuzu xa oorhulumente kunye noluntu ngokubanzi bezalisekisa igunya lokuthethathethana ngesivumelwano sokuthintela izixhobo zenyukliya, ezikhokelela ekuphelisweni kwazo ngokupheleleyo.
Mhlawumbi olona longezo lubalulekileyo kwisivumelwano, emva kokuba isivumelwano esayilwayo kwiveki ephelileyo yeentetho ngo-Matshi sangeniswa kwilizwe yingcali kunye nomongameli ozimiseleyo wenkomfa, u-Ambassador Elayne Whyte Gómez waseCosta Rica, wayelungisa ukuthintelwa Sebenzisa izixhobo zenyukliya ngokongeza amagama "okanye ugrogrise ngokuwasebenzisa," uqhuba isigxina entliziyweni yemfundiso ethandekayo "yokuthintela" yezixhobo zenyukliya, ezibambe ilizwe liphela kwiimfuno zabo "zokhuselo", besoyikisa umhlaba ngentshabalalo yenyukliya kwisikimu sabo se-MAD "soKhuseleko oluQinisekisiweyo." Ukuvalwa kukwavula indlela yokuba amazwe enyukliya ajoyine isivumelwano, efuna ukungqinisisa, ukubopha ixesha, ukupheliswa okungafihlisiyo kwazo zonke iinkqubo zezixhobo zenyukliya okanye ukuguqulwa okungaguqukiyo kwazo zonke izixhobo ezinxulumene nezixhobo zenyukliya.
Uthethathethwano luye lwadityaniswa ngawo onke amazwe alithoba ezixhobo zenyukliya kunye namahlakani e-US phantsi kwe "ambrela" yenyukliya e-NATO, Japan, South Korea nase Australia. I-Netherlands yayililungu le-NATO kuphela elalikho, ipalamente yayo yayifuna ukubakho ukuphendula uxinzelelo loluntu, kwaye yayikukuphela kwevoti ethi "hayi" ngokuchasene nomnqophiso. Kwihlobo elidlulileyo, emva kokuba iQela elisebenzayo le-UN licebise ukuba iNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo igqibe kwelokuba imisele iingxoxo zomnqophiso, i-United States icinezele amahlakani ayo e-NATO, isithi "iziphumo zokuvalwa zingabanzi kwaye zehlise ubudlelwane bezokhuseleko." Emva kokwamkelwa kwesivumelwano sokuvalwa, i-United States, i-United Kingdom, ne-France bakhuphe ingxelo ethi "Asizimiselanga kusayina, siqinisekise okanye sibe yinxalenye yalo" njengoko "ingazukujongana neenkxalabo zokhuselo eziqhubeka nokwenza ukuthintelwa kwenyukliya kube yimfuneko" kwaye izakwenza "Ukwahlukana okungakumbi ngexesha ... lezisongelo ezikhulayo, kubandakanya nezo zivela kwimizamo eqhubekayo ye-DPRK." Okumangalisayo kukuba, iNyakatho Korea yayikukuphela kwamandla enyukliya okuvotela isivumelwano sokuvalwa, ngo-Okthobha ophelileyo, xa iKomiti yokuQala yokuThintela iziXhobo ye-UN yathumela isisombululo seengxoxo zokunqanda isivumelwano kwi-General Assembly.
Ukanti ukungabikho kwezixhobo zenyukliya kuye kwaba negalelo kwinkqubo yedemokhrasi, ngokutshintshiselana ngeziqhamo phakathi kweengcali kunye namangqina avela kuluntu olwalukho nolwenza uninzi lweenkqubo endaweni yokuba ngaphandle kweminyango evaliweyo, njengesiqhelo xa amandla enyukliya Bathetha-thethana ngenkqubo yabo ngamanyathelo ngamanyathelo athe akhokelela kuphela kwizixhobo zenyukliya eziethe-ethe, ezinentsingiselo, ezisoloko zilungisiwe, eziyilwe zahlaziywa. U-Obama, ngaphambi kokuba ashiye i-ofisi wayeceba ukuchitha i-trillion yeedola kule minyaka ingama-30 izayo kwimizi-mveliso emibini emitsha yebhombu, iimfazwe ezintsha kunye neenkqubo zokuhanjiswa. Sisalinde izicwangciso zikaTrump zenkqubo yezixhobo zenyukliya yase-US.
Isivumelwano seBan siqinisekisa ukuzimisela kwamazwe ekufezekiseni injongo ye Isivumelwano soMbutho weZizwe eziManyeneyo kwaye isikhumbuza ukuba isisombululo sokuqala se-UN kwi-1946 sasifuna ukupheliswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya. Ngaphandle korhulumente ophethe i-veto amandla, kwaye akukho migaqo ifihliweyo yemvumelwano ethe yathintela yonke inkqubela phambili yokupheliswa kwenyukliya kunye namanyathelo ongezelelweyo oxolo lwehlabathi kwezinye i-UN nakwimibutho yesivumelwano, olu thethwano lwalusisipho esivela kwi-UN General Assembly, efuna ngokwentando yesininzi ukuba ukumelwa kwiingxoxo ngevoti elinganayo kwaye ayifuni mvumelwano ukuze ize kwisigqibo.
Ngaphandle kokuphindwaphindwa kwezixhobo zokuthintela inyukliya, siyazi ukuba iimvumelwano zangaphambili zokuthintela izixhobo zitshintshile imigaqo-nkqubo yamazwe aphesheya kwaye zibeka amabala kwizixhobo ezikhokelela kuhlaziyo lomgaqo-nkqubo nakumazwe angazange atyikitye ezo zivumelwano. Isivumelwano seBan sifuna ukuba i-50 ithi isayine kwaye iqinisekise ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukusebenza, kwaye iya kuvulelwa ukuba isayinwe ngo-Septemba 20 xa iintlanganiso zikarhulumente zidibana eNew York kwiseshoni yokuvula ye-UN General Assembly. Abakhankaso baya kusebenza ukuqokelela i ulungiso oluyimfuneko kwaye ngoku izixhobo zenyukliya azikho semthethweni kwaye ziyavalwa, ukuhlazisa loo mazwe e-NATO agcina izixhobo zenyukliya zase-US kwindawo yabo (iBelgium, iJamani, iTurkey, iNetherlands, i-Italiya) kunye noxinzelelo lwamanye amanyano athi ngokuhanahanisa agweba izixhobo zenyukliya kodwa athathe inxaxheba kwimfazwe yenyukliya. ucwangciso. Kwimeko yezixhobo zenyukliya, kunokubakho amaphulo okwahlulwa kumaziko axhasa ukuphuhliswa kunye nokwenziwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya ngoku ekubeni zingavunyelwanga kwaye zibhengezwe njengezingekho mthethweni. Bona www.dontbankonthebomb.com
Ukugcina umfutho kule ntshukumo inqabileyo yokunqanda ibhombu, jonga ku-www.icanw.org. Ngolwazi oluthe kratya lwendlela ezayo, jonga uZia Mian athathe ithuba elizayo kwi I-Bulletin ye-Atomic Scientists.
