NguPat Elder, World BEYOND War, UDisemba 12, 2019
UMark Ruffalo njengoRob Billot kwiiMvula eziMnyama.
Amanzi amnyama Yeyona filimu ibalulekileyo yaseMelika kwishumi leminyaka, nangona inciphisa ithuba lokubonisa ngokupheleleyo ubunyangi bonyango lwe-PFAS njengesiqhelo kwilizwe lonke. Ifilimu ishiya isiqingatha sebali kwaye ibandakanya indima yomkhosi.
* izinto ze-alkyl kunye ne-poly fluorified alkyl izinto (i-PFAS) zibandakanya i-PFOA, i-PFOS kunye ne-5,000 ezinye iichemicals ezinobungozi ezisetyenziswa kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo zasemkhosini nakwezamashishini.
Uninzi lwababukeli baya kuhamba becinga ukuba babukele imovie ebalisa ngebali lokwenyani le-DuPont engcolisa umhlaba wengingqi kunye namanzi edolophu engalunganga, iParkersburg, West Virginia. Nokuba kutheni, Amanzi amnyama yifilimu egqwesileyo. Ukuba awuyibonanga, nceda wenze njalo.
Kule filimu, igqwetha uRobert Bilott (uMark Ruffalo) usebenza kwinkampani yezomthetho yaseCincinnati ekhusela iinkampani zemichiza. UBilott usondela kumlimi ogama linguWilbur Tennant otyholwa ukuba umzi mveliso waseDuPont okufuphi utyhelela amanzi isiselo sakhe senkomo. Ngokukhawuleza uBilott ufumanisa ukuba abantu nabo banetyhefu kwaye uzinikezela ukukhusela impilo yabantu ngokumangalela i-goliath yekhemikhali. Izenzo zikaDupont zolwaphulo-mthetho
Kwi-2017, u-Bilott uphumelele isibonelelo se-670 yezigidi zeedola kumalungu oluntu lwe-3,500 amanzi lawo angcoliswe yi-PFOA.
Abagxeki bemidlalo bhanyabhanya banezinto ezintle, nangona kugxilwe ngokungagungqiyo. Bachaza umdlalo weqonga, uhlobo lwetyala likaPerry Mason elivelela kakuhle. Iindaba zeDetroit zibiza ifilimu ibali likaDavid noGoliyati. (UDavide ubulala uGoliyati kweli bali libalaseleyo. Apha uGoliyati uxhasa isikhonkwane.) the Atlantic ebizwa Amanzi amnyamasa, i-movie esemthethweni. I Toronto Star Ithi yanele ukukwenza ukuba ufune ukucofa zonke iimveliso zakho ezingenantonga kunye nezinto ezingangeni manzi emva kokubona le movie. Isitulo esisemgceni sikubeka ngokufanayo, sibhala ukuba imovie ingakhuthaza abantu ukuba balahle iipani ezingezizo ezentambo kwaye "batyhwatyhwe luloyiko kwiglasi elandelayo yamanzi." Le ayisiyonto yokuvutha ingqumbo yezigidi kwihlabathi lonke ezityhefwe yile michiza.
Abantu bakwimeko yokucinga ukuba iiarhente zabo zommandla, zikarhulumente, kunye nezomdibaniso zigcina ukungcola okunje emanzini abo, kwaye iziqendu ezinje ngeParkersburg zibekelwe bucala- kwaye xa zisenzeka, abahlali bayaziswa kwaye bakhuselwe. Funda ingxelo yamanzi kumthengisi wakho wasekuhlaleni ukuze ufumane ukuba akukho nto inokukhathazeka ngayo.
Inyani yile yokuba amanzi ethu okusela alayishwe i-carcinogens kunye nezinye iikhemikhali eziyingozi ngelixa umda osemthethweni wezinto ezingcolisayo emanzini etephu engakhange ahlaziywe phantse kwiminyaka engama-20. Yintoni esemanzini akho? Jonga iQela eliSebenzayo lokusiNgqongileyo Ugcino lweDatha yaManzi ukufumanisa.
Abantu baqinisekile, "Akunakwenzeka apha," ke abenzi beefilimu bekufanele ukuba benze umsebenzi ongcono wokutshabalalisa lo mbono. Ngexesha lomzuzu kwifilimu, uBilott uyacenga, "Bafuna ukuba sicinge ukuba sikhuselekile," uyaduduma. “Kodwa siyasikhusela. Siya!" Umyalezo onomdla wokuguqula, ngelishwa uvalelwe kwibali labantu abanetyhefu kwidolophu encinci yaseWest Virginia.
Kwangelo xesha imovie ibinkulumbuso kwilizwe lonke, ICongress ibuyile kude nomthetho Oko bekuya kulawula i-PFOA kunye ne-PFOS-ezi ndidi zimbini zongcoliseko lwe-PFAS ezizise ububi obungapheliyo eParkersburg.
Umdlalo bhanyabhanya awukhe ukhankanye emkhosini ngendima eziyidlalayo ekutyhefeni abantu eParkersburg nakumawakawaka abantu abahlala kufutshane neziseko zasemkhosini. IDuPont yayingumboneleli ophambili we-DOD yefilimu emileyo eyakha ifilimu (AFFF) esetyenziswa kwimisebenzi yokulwa umlilo rhoqo kwiziseko zomkhosi. I-Dupont ibhengeze ukuba iza kukhupha ngokuzithandela ukusetyenziswa kwe-PFOS kunye ne-PFOA ukuphela kwe-2019 ngelixa ingasenzi mveliso okanye ithengise igwebu lokucima umlilo kwi-DOD. Endaweni yoko, ukuphuma kwayo Chemours, kwaye i ikhemikhali enkulu i-3M bazalisa ii-odolo zePentagon zee-carcinogen ezinokufumana indlela emzimbeni wakho.
Izixhobo zomkhosi zihlala zikhanyisela imililo emikhulu esekwe ipetroli ipetroli ngeenjongo zoqeqesho kwaye ibadibanisa neefasile ezihamba ne-PFAS. Iiarhente ezibangela umhlaza ziye zavunyelwa ukungcolisa amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, amanzi angaphezulu, kunye nenkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi amdaka etyalwa kumhlaba weefama ukuya kwizityalo eziyityhefu. I-DOD ihlala iyitshisa impahla, ngaphandle kwenkxalabo yokuba ezi “khemikhali ngonaphakade” zinokuhlala zinjalo.
I-3M, iDuPont, kunye neChemours zonke zijongana nomlilo malunga nokutsha komlilo ngenxa yokuqhubeka kokusebenzisa ezi khemikhali, nangona ukungabinakusebenza okutsha kwinkomfa kuzonceda kukhuselo lwabo. I-Chemours kunye ne-3M isitokhwe sidutyulwe emva kweendaba zokuba iCongress igqibe ekubeni ingalawulwa zii-arhente ezibangela umhlaza.
Umkhosi unoxanduva lokungcola okubangelwa yi-PFAS kwilizwe liphela. Umzekelo, iBhodi yeeMithombo yaManzi yaseCalifornia isanda kuvavanya amaqula e-568 kamasipala kulo lonke ilizwe. Uvavanyo ngokubanzi luhlala kude kufakelo emkhosini. I-308 yemithombo (i-54.2%) ifunyenwe iqulethe iintlobo zeekhemikhali ze-PFAS. Amacandelo e-19,228 kwisigidi ngasinye (ppt) zeentlobo ze-14 ze-PFAS ezivavanyiweyo zafunyanwa kule mithombo ye-308. I-51% yayiyeye-PFOS okanye ye-PFOA ngelixa i-49% eseleyo yayiyenye i-PFAS eyaziwayo ukuba ineempembelelo ezimbi kwimpilo yabantu.
I-DOD yayingeyiyo eyayijolise kolu phando, nangona isiseko esinye, iSitishi soMoya oLuka izixhobo zeTshayina i-China Lake iye yangcolisa umthombo kwi-8,000,000 ppt. yePFOS / PFOA, ngokwe DOD. I-China Lake inamaxesha angama-416 ngaphezulu kwe-carcinogens emanzini ayo angaphantsi komhlaba kunendawo zonke zorhwebo ezivavanyiweyo kurhulumente zidityanisiwe. Iziseko zomkhosi ezingama-30 ziye zangcolisa kakhulu amanzi kuyo yonke iCalifornia, kwaye ezinye ezingama-23 zichongiwe yi-DOD njengezisebenzise ii-carcinogens. Khangela apha: https://www.militarypoisons.org/
Izithili zamanzi kumazwe aliqela ziqala ukuthatha amanyathelo okucoca ukungcola, nangona iCongress kunye ne-EPA bengakhange babeke amaNqanaba oMongo oNgcolileyo (i-MCL's) kwiityhefu kwaye akulindeleke ukuba benze njalo nanini na kungekudala. Ngumnqophiso kumandla okubamba iikhemikhali kwiCongress kunye nokukwazi kwe-DOD ukwenza isiketi uxanduva, olunokuthi ligqithise i-100 yezigidi zeedola.
Okwangoku, i-DOD ayisayi kucelwa ukuba icoce ungcoliseko lwe-PFAS yesigidi se-10.9 isisusele emhlabeni i-England. Iinzululwazi zeHarvard zithi i-1992 ppt emanzini okusela inokuba yingozi. Ungcoliseko kunye nokubandezeleka koluntu kubungakanani obukhulu e-US. kwaye abantu bayasweleka.
Amanzi amnyama uphulukene nethuba lokutsala ingqalelo kwi-gNilla ye-800-pound yomkhosi kwigumbi kwaye yahlaba ithuba lokuchonga ngokupheleleyo i-EPA njenge-arhente ekhoyo ukukhusela imveliso yaseMelika kunye neSebe lezoKhuselo kwityala nasekucaphukiseni uluntu.
Ifilimu yaveliswa ukuba incedise ekuqaliseni i-anti-PFAS crusade. Nxaxheba, inkampani yeendaba ezinikele ekuvuseleleni utshintsho kwezentlalo, iphehlelele i "Yilwa ngonaphakade kwiikhemikhali”Iphulo lokungqinelana nefilimu.
"Okwangoku, imithetho yethu kunye namaziko karhulumente ayasilela ukusikhusela," utshilo uRuffalo kwingxelo. “Bendifuna ukwenza Amanzi amnyama ukuxelela ibali elibalulekileyo malunga nokuzisa ubulungisa kuluntu oluyingozi olubonakaliswe amashumi eminyaka kwiikhemikhali ezibulalayo ngenye yeenkampani ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngokubalisela la mabali sinokwazisa uluntu ngokusisigxina ngamachiza kwaye sisebenzisane ukufuna ukhuselo olomeleleyo lokusingqongileyo. ”
URufflo wajoyina uBillot, izishoshovu ezikhokelayo, noluntu ngexesha leholo ledolophu yeefowuni kwakamsinya nje emva kokuba ikhutshiwe ifilimu. Ukusetyenziswa kwento yasemkhosini kwakhankanywa ngokufutshane ngumthathi-nxaxheba omnye. Ngaphandle koko, umzamo wokulungiselela ugxile ekusetyenzisweni ezingezizo emkhosini kwezi zixhobo, de kube lelo candelo lithunyelwe kumawaka kwilizwe liphela elikhankanya umThetho wokuGunyazisa woKhuseleko kuZwelonke:
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Sifuna iCongress silwele impilo yethu kwaye sibambe le mibutho ukuba iphendule. Lixesha lokuba iDuPont kunye ne-3M icoca ungcoliseko lwePFAS! ICongress kufuneka yenze umthetho ogunyazisayo woKhuselo kuZwelonke okhupha i-PFAS emanzini ethu empompo kwaye acoce ukungcoliseka kwelifa le-PFAs.
Enkosi ngokuma nathi.
UMarko Ruffalo
Umlwi nomdlalisi
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Abafundi banokucinga ukuba kunomdla wokujolisa kwi-National Security Authorization Act kuba incoko ukuza kuthi ga ngoku ayigxilanga kwiPentagon. Umzamo uyakhazimla, kodwa lusuku oluhambile kunye nedola elifutshane. Njengoko kuchaziwe ngentla, iiDemocrat sele zimkile etafileni zithanda abaxhamli bemveliso yamachiza.
Amanzi amnyama Inika isiqingatha sebali. Elinye icala libandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezi khemikhali emkhosini.
