NguDave Eggers, Guardian.
I-Inder Comar ligqwetha laseSan Francisco abaxumi abaqhelekileyo baziziqalo zetekhnoloji: ngaba unokuzisa ekuphela kwetyala ngokuchasene nabacwangcisi bemfazwe ka-2002?
I-Inder Comar ngaphandle kwesakhiwo senkundla yezibheno. Ifoto: Winni Wintermeyer for the Guardian
Ummangali yayinguSundus Shaker Saleh, utitshala wase-Iraqi, umzobi kunye nomama wabantwana abahlanu, owanyanzelwa ukuba ahambe. Irakh emva kohlaselo kunye nokunikezelwa kwelizwe kwimfazwe yamakhaya okwalandelayo. Nje ukuba uphumelele, usapho lwakhe lwaluhlala ebuhlwempu e-Amman, eJordani, ukusukela ngo-2005.
Omele u-Saleh wayeligqwetha elineminyaka engama-37 ubudala elisebenza lodwa kwaye abathengi babo abaqhelekileyo baziziqalo ezincinci zetekhnoloji ezijonge ukukhusela ipropathi yabo yengqondo. Igama lakhe ngu I-Inder Comar, kwaye ukuba U-Atticus Finch babeza kucingelwa kwakhona njengegqwetha, inkcubeko, igqwetha lasentshona, uComar, unina wayengumMexican kwaye utata wayesuka eIndiya, wayenokwanela. Umhle kwaye uyakhawuleza ukuncuma, nangona wayemi ngaphandle kwenkundla ngoMvulo owawunomoya, wayexinezelekile. Bekungacaci ukuba le suti intsha iyanceda na.
“Ndisandula ukuyifumana,” watsho. "Ingaba ucinga ntoni?"
Yayingamaqhekeza amathathu, isilivere-ngwevu, inamaphini amnyama. U-Comar wayeyithengile kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambili, ecinga ukuba kufuneka ajongeke njengobuchwephesha kwaye enengqondo kangangoko, kuba ukusukela oko wafumana ingcamango yokumangalela abacwangcisi bemfazwe yase-Iraq, wayephaphile ukuba akabonakali njenge-crackpot okanye i-dilettante. Kodwa impembelelo yale suti intsha yayimfiliba: inokuba luhlobo lwento enxitywa ngumntu osisityebi waseTexas, okanye isinxibo esisinxitywa ngumntu okwishumi elivisayo olahlekileyo xa esenza iprom.
Kusuku olungaphambili, kwigumbi likaComar, wandixelela ukuba le yayiyeyona nto ibalulekileyo ukuva emsebenzini wakhe. Wayengazange athethe ityala phambi kweSekethe yeThoba, eyindawo nje enye engaphantsi kwenkundla ephakamileyo, kwaye akazange atye, alale okanye azilolonge ngokufanelekileyo kwiiveki. “Ndisathukile ngokuba sivalelwa,” utshilo. "Kodwa sele kululoyiso, into yokuba abagwebi baseMelika baya kuva kwaye baxoxe ngale ngongoma."
Inqaku: ingaba umongameli, usekela-mongameli kunye nabanye abo baceba imfazwe banetyala ngokwasemthethweni ngeziphumo zayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo isebe lesigqeba liya kukhuseleka kwisimangalo esinxulumene namanyathelo athathiweyo ngelixa e-ofisini, njengabo bonke abasebenzi be-federal; kodwa olu khuseleko lusebenza kuphela xa abo basebenzi besebenza ngokomda wengqesho yabo. UComar wayexoxa ukuba uBush et al babesebenza ngaphandle kolu khuseleko. Ngapha koko, babenze ulwaphulo-mthetho lokundlongondlongo – ukwaphula umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Ithemba lokuba, kwiiyure ezimbalwa, iphaneli yeejaji ezintathu iya kuvumelana noComar kwaye ifune ukuba abacwangcisi bemfazwe - owayesakuba ngumongameli. UGeorge W Bush, owayesakuba ngusekela-mongameli URichard B Cheney, owayesakuba ngunobhala welizwe UColin Powell, owayesakuba ngunobhala wezokhuselo UDonald Rumsfeld, owayesakuba ngusekela-nobhala wezokhuselo UPawulos Wolfwitz kunye nowayesakuba ngumcebisi kwezokhuseleko lwesizwe Condoleezza Rice - kubanjelwa uxanduva lokufakwa kwe-Iraq, ukusweleka kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-500,000 yabemi base-Iraq kunye nokufuduka kwezigidi ezihlanu ngaphezulu, kubonakala kungenakwenzeka.
“Kwakhona ke kwakhona,” watsho uComar, “mhlawumbi bavele bacinga nje, 'Kutheni unganiki lo mfo usuku lwakhe enkundleni?'
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U-Inder Comar wayekwisikolo somthetho kwiYunivesithi yaseNew York xa imfazwe yaqalayo, kwaye ngelixa uhlaselo lwaluhamba ukusuka kokubi ukuya kokubi ukuya kokubi ukuya kwintlekele, wathatha iklasi malunga nobundlobongela obungafunekiyo kumthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, esekelwe kumgaqo osemthethweni obekwe ngumbutho. Inkundla yaseNuremberg. ENuremberg, abatshutshisi baphumelela ukuxoxa ngelithi, nangona iinkokeli zamaNazi ezaqhubela imfazwe yehlabathi yesibini zazilandela imiyalelo yaye zisenza ngokomda wemisebenzi yazo njengamagosa elizwe laseJamani, sekunjalo zazibekek’ ityala ngezenzo zogonyamelo nolwaphulo-mthetho olujoliswe eluntwini. AmaNazi aye ahlasela amazwe azimeleyo ngaphandle kokucatshukiswa, kwaye ayengenakusebenzisa imithetho yasekhaya ukuwakhusela. Kwingxelo yakhe yokuvula, uRobert Jackson, inkundla ephakamileyo yaseMerika, ijaji nomtshutshisi oyintloko, wathi: “Eli tyala limele umgudu omkhulu woluntu wokusebenzisa uqeqesho lomthetho kumagosa karhulumente aye asebenzisa amagunya awo orhulumente ukuze ahlasele iziseko zoxolo lwehlabathi aze ahlasele ngokuchasene namalungelo. kubamelwane babo.”
Eli tyala lalibonakala ngathi linokudityaniswa okumbalwa, ngakumbi emva kokuba umhlaba uyibonile loo nto Saddam Hussein ayenayo akukho zixhobo zokutshabalalisa kunye nokuba abacwangcisi bohlaselo baqale bacinga ngotshintsho lolawulo e-Iraq kwakudala phambi kokuba kubekho uluvo lwe-WMD. Kwiminyaka embalwa eyalandelayo, uluvo lwamazwe ngamazwe lwaqalisa ukudityaniswa ngokuchasene nokuba semthethweni kwemfazwe. Ngo-2004, owayengunobhala jikelele we-UN UKofi Annan wayibiza imfazwe ngokuthi “ingekho mthethweni”. Ipalamente yaseDatshi yakubiza oko kukwaphulwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Kwi 2009, UBenjamin Ferencz, omnye wabatshutshisi baseMelika eNuremberg, wabhala ukuba "ingxabano enhle inokwenziwa ukuba ukuhlasela kwe-US e-Iraq kwakungekho mthethweni".
UComar, ngelo xesha owayeligqwetha labucala elalisebenza eSan Francisco, wazibuza ukuba kutheni kungekho mntu ubamangaleleyo kulawulo. Abemi bamazwe angaphandle banokumangalela e-US ngokuphulwa komthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ngoko ke phakathi kokuma okusemthethweni komntu wase-Iraqi oxhatshazwe yimfazwe kunye neziganeko ezibekwe yityala laseNuremberg, uComar wacinga ukuba kukho ithuba lokwenyani lokumangalela. Wayikhankanya kwamanye amagqwetha nabo babesakuba ngoonjingalwazi. Abanye babekhuthaza ngobulali, nangona kwakungekho namnye owayecinga ukuba isuti enjalo yayinokuya ndawo.
Ngeli xesha, i-Comar isiqingatha-ilindele omnye umntu ukuba atshutshise eli tyala. Kukho ngaphezu kwe-1.3 yezigidi zamagqwetha eMelika, kunye namawakawaka angenzi nzuzo. Amatyala ambalwa aye afakwa, ephikisana ukuba imfazwe ayizange igunyaziswe ngokufanelekileyo yiCongress kwaye ngoko ichasene nomgaqo-siseko. Kwaye kukho amatyala alishumi elinesibini okanye anjalo ngokuchasene noRumsfeld ngokugunyazisa kwakhe ukusetyenziswa kwentuthumbo kumabanjwa. Kodwa akukho mntu wayekhe wayiphikisa into yokuba, xa babeceba baze baphumeze imfazwe, isebe elilawulayo laphula umthetho.
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Ngo-2013, u-Comar wayesebenza kwindawo ekwabelwana ngayo kwiofisi ebizwa ngokuba yi-Hub, engqongwe ziziqalo nezingenzi nzuzo. Omnye wabalingane bakhe baseofisini waye wazana nosapho oludumileyo lwaseJordani olwaluhlala kwindawo yaseBay, kwaye, ukusukela ngemfazwe, wayenceda iimbacu zase-Iraq e-Amman. Ebudeni beenyanga ezininzi, bazisa uComar kwiimbacu ezihlala eJordan, phakathi kwazo uSundus Shaker Saleh. UComar noSaleh bathetha ngeSkype, kwaye kuye wafumana umfazi onomdla noliciko owathi, kwiminyaka eli-12 emva kohlaselo, akazange abe nomsindo kangako.
USaleh wazalelwa eKarkh, eBaghdad, ngo-1966. Wafunda kwiziko lobugcisa eBaghdad waza waba ligcisa nomfundisi-ntsapho ophumelelayo. AmaSaleh ayebambelele kunqulo lwamaSabean-Mandean, unqulo olwalulandela iimfundiso zikaYohane uMbhaptizi kodwa olungenandawo ngaphandle kobuKristu okanye ubuSilamsi. Nangona babengaphantsi kwe-100,000 yamaMande e-Iraq ngaphambi kwemfazwe, bashiywa bodwa nguHussein. Nokuba bubuphi na ubugwenxa bakhe, wayigcina imeko apho iinkolo ezininzi zamandulo zase-Iraq zazihlala ngoxolo.
Emva kohlaselo lwase-US, ucwangco lwaba ngumphunga kwaye kwajoliswa iinkolo ezincinci. USaleh waba ligosa lonyulo, yaye yena nosapho lwakhe basongelwa. Wabethwa, waza waya kufuna uncedo emapoliseni, kodwa bathi akukho nto banokuyenza ukukhusela yena nabantwana bakhe. Yena nomyeni wakhe bohlukana. Wathabatha unyana wabo omdala kunye naye, kwaye wathatha usapho lonke waya eJordani, apho bahlala khona ukususela ngo-2005 ngaphandle kwamapasi okanye ubumi. Wayesebenza njengesicakakazi, epheka yaye engumthungi. Unyana wakhe oneminyaka eli-12 ubudala kwafuneka ashiye isikolo aye emsebenzini aze afake isandla kumvuzo wentsapho.
Ngo-Matshi 2013, u-Saleh wabandakanya u-Comar ukuba afake ifayile malunga nabacwangcisi bokuhlasela kwe-Iraq; wayengayi kufumana mali, okanye afune mbuyekezo. NgoMeyi, waya eJordan ukuya kuthatha ubungqina bakhe. "Into endakha kwiminyaka yatshatyalaliswa ngomzuzu omnye phambi kwamehlo am," wamxelela. “Umsebenzi wam, isikhundla sam, abazali bam, intsapho yam yonke. Ngoku ndifuna nje ukuphila. Njengomama. Abantwana bam bafana nentyatyambo. Ngamanye amaxesha andikwazi ukuwankcenkceshela. Ndiyathanda ukubabamba, kodwa ndixakeke kakhulu ndizama ukuphila.”
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“La ngamaxesha ayingozi,” uComar wandixelela nge-11 kaDisemba kulo nyaka uphelileyo. Wayengacebi ukwenza ityala lakhe malunga neTrump, kodwa ukuva kwakhe okokuqala kwakusenzeka kwinyanga emva konyulo kwaye iziphumo zokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla zazinzulu. Ityala lika-Comar lalimalunga nolawulo lomthetho - umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, umthetho wendalo - kwaye kakade uTrump akazange abonise intlonipho enzulu kwiinkqubo okanye iinyani. Iinyani zisembindini wemfazwe yase-Iraq. UComar uthi babequlunqwe ukuthethelela uhlaselo, kwaye ukuba nawuphi na umongameli ebenokuxoka iinyani ukuze zihambelane neenjongo zakhe, iya kuba nguTrump, othumela ulwazi olububuxoki kubalandeli bakhe abazizigidi ezingama-25. Ukuba bekukhe kwakho ixesha lokucacisa into enokwenziwa yi-US kwaye ayinakuyenza malunga nohlaselo lwezizwe ezizimeleyo, kuya kubonakala ngathi ngoku.
Ku-Comar, esona siphumo sisesona sinokubakho kwityala losuku olulandelayo iya kuba kukuba inkundla yalithumela ityala phantsi ukuze lichotshelwe ubungqina: ityala elifanelekileyo. Emva koko kuya kufuneka alungiselele ityala lokwenyani - kwisikali senkundla yaseNuremberg ngokwayo. Kodwa kuqala kwafuneka adlule kuMthetho waseWestfall.
Igama elipheleleyo loMthetho we-Westfall nguMthetho woHlaziyo lweTyala lwabaSebenzi be-Federal kunye noMthetho weMbuyekezo yeTort ka-1988, kwaye yayikwinqanaba lesimangalo sika-Comar, kunye nokhuselo lukarhulumente. Ngokwenyani, lo mthetho ukhusela abasebenzi be-federal kwisimangalo esivela kwizenzo ezingaphakathi komsebenzi wabo. Ukuba umsebenzi weposi uhambisa ibhombu ngokungazi, akanakumangalelwa kwinkundla yoluntu, kuba bebesebenza ngaphakathi kwemida yengqesho yabo.
Isenzo sisetyenziswe xa abamangali bemangalele uRumsfeld ngendima yakhe ekusebenziseni uthuthumbisa. Kuzo zonke iimeko, nangona kunjalo, iinkundla ziye zavuma ukutshintshwa kwe-US njengommangalelwa ogama lakhe, endaweni yakhe. Ingqiqo ecacileyo yeyokuba uRumsfeld, njengonobhala wezokhuselo, wayenikwe umsebenzi wokukhusela isizwe kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukucwangcisa kunye nokuqhuba iimfazwe.
“Kodwa yile nto kanye eyathethwa yinkundla yaseNuremberg,” uComar wandixelela. “AmaNazi enza impikiswano efanayo: yokuba iinjengele zawo zaziphathiswe ukulwa, yaye enjenjalo, kuba amajoni awo ayelandela imiyalelo. Leyo yingxabano eyachithwa yiNuremberg. "
U-Comar uhlala kwindawo ephantse ibene-spartan frugality kwindlu yesitudiyo kumbindi wedolophu yaseSan Francisco. Imbonakalo yodonga lwesamente olugqunywe ngobulembu kunye neeferns; igumbi lokuhlambela lincinci kakhulu, isivakashi sinokuhlamba izandla kwi-foyer. Kwishelufu esecaleni kwebhedi yakhe kukho incwadi enomxholo Ukutya Intlanzi Enkulu.
Akuyomfuneko ukuba aphile ngale ndlela. Emva kwesikolo somthetho, uComar wachitha iminyaka emine kwinkampani yamagqwetha, esebenza kumatyala epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda. Wemka ukuze enze eyakhe inkampani, ukuze akwazi ukwahlula ixesha lakhe phakathi kwamatyala obulungisa bentlalontle kunye nalawo aya kuhlawula amatyala. Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini emva kokuphumelela kwakhe, usenamatyala amakhulu kwimali mboleko yakhe yesikolo somthetho (njengoko wenzayo UBarack Obama xa ethatha isikhundla).
Xa sasithetha ngoDisemba, wayenamanye amatyala amaninzi, kodwa ebelungiselela ukuchotshelwa kwetyala phantse iinyanga ezili-18. Sithe sisathetha, wayemana ekroba ngefestile, ejonge eludongeni lobulembu. Wathi xa encuma, amazinyo akhe abengezela kwisibane esisicaba. Wayenyanisekile kodwa ekhawuleza ukuhleka, ekuthanda ukuxubusha ngeembono zakhe yaye wayedla ngokuthi, “Ngumbuzo omhle lowo!” Wajonga kwaye wathetha njengoosomashishini betekhnoloji abamele ngokuqhelekileyo: ukucinga, ukuzola, ukubuza, kunye nentwana ye-why-not- give-it-a-shot? isimo sengqondo esibalulekileyo kuyo nayiphi na isiqalo.
Ukusukela oko wafaka isicelo sakhe okokuqala ngo-2013, ityala lika-Comar liye langena kwiinkundla ezisezantsi kwinto ebonakala ngathi kukuhambahamba kwenkqubo yolawulo engenaziqhamo. Kodwa ixesha lokungenelela lalimnike ithuba lokuqinisa intetho yakhe emfutshane; ngela xesha kufakwa isibheno sakhe kwiSekethe yeThoba, waye wafumana inkxaso engalindelekanga kumagqwetha asibhozo awaziwayo, elowo nalowo wongeza ezawo iincwadana ezimfutshane ze-amicus. Okuphawuleka phakathi kwabo kwaba URamsey Clark, owayesakuba ligqwetha jikelele lase-US phantsi ULyndon B. Johnson, kunye noMarjorie Cohn, owayesakuba ngumongameli we National Lawyers Guild. UComar ke weva kwisiseko esenziwe nguBenjamin Ferencz, umtshutshisi waseNuremberg oneminyaka engama-97 ubudala awayebhalele kuye: Isiseko sePlanethood safaka i-amicus emfutshane.
“Ezo mfutshane ibiyinto enkulu,” utshilo uComar. “Inkundla ibibona ukuba kukho umkhosi omncinci emva koku. Yayingengomfo nje ophambeneyo eSan Francisco. ”
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NgoMvulo we-12 Disemba kuyabanda kwaye kuyabanda. Inkundla apho ukuthethwa kwetyala lisesitalatweni iMission kunye ne7th Street, ngaphantsi kweemitha ezingama-30 ukusuka apho kuthengwa kwaye kusetyenziswe khona amachiza. Kunye neComar UCurtis Doebbler, unjingalwazi wezomthetho ovela kwi-Geneva School of Diplomacy and International Relations; wabhabha kubusuku obungaphambili. Unentshebe, ujongwe kwaye uzolile. Ngedyasi yakhe ende emnyama kunye namehlo anzima, unomoya womntu ovela kubusuku obunenkungu ephethe iindaba ezimbi. U-Comar ujonge ukumnika imizuzu emihlanu kwi-15 yakhe ukuba agxile kwityala ngokwembono yomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe.
Singena enkundleni ngecala emva kwentsimbi yesibhozo. Bonke ababheni kusasa kulindeleke ukuba bafike ngentsimbi yethoba baze baphulaphule ngembeko amatyala aseleyo kusasa. Inkundla incinci, inezihlalo ezimalunga nama-30 zababukeli kunye nabathathi-nxaxheba. Ibhentshi yeejaji iphezulu kwaye inamacala amathathu. Ngamnye wabagwebi abathathu une-microphone, i-pitcher encinci yamanzi kunye nebhokisi yezicubu.
Ukujongana nabagwebi yiqonga apho amagqwetha anikezela iingxoxo zawo. Ayinanto kodwa inezinto ezimbini: isiqwenga sephepha esishicilelwe ngamagama eejaji – i-Hurwitz, iGraber ne-Boulware – kunye nesixhobo esilingana newotshi ye-alam, enezibane ezingqukuva ezithathu phezu kwayo: eluhlaza, tyheli, ebomvu. Umboniso wedijithali wewotshi ubekwe kwi-10.00. Esi sisibali-xesha, esibala umva ukuya ku-0, esiya kuxelela i-Inder Comar ukuba lingakanani ixesha eliseleyo.
Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba kuthetha ukuthini ukuva phambi kweSekethe yeThoba kwaye ayithethi. Kwelinye icala, yinkundla enamandla kakhulu abagwebi abahlonelwayo nabangqongqo ekukhetheni amatyala abawaphulaphulayo. Kwelinye icala, abawachongi amatyala. Endaweni yoko, banokusixhasa isigwebo senkundla engaphantsi okanye bangabuyisela ityala (balibuyisele kwinkundla engaphantsi ukuze lichotshelwe ngokwenene). Yile nto ifunwa nguComar: ilungelo lokuchotshelwa kwenyani malunga nokuba semthethweni kwemfazwe.
Eyona nyaniso yokugqibela ibalulekileyo yeSekethe yeThoba kukuba yabela phakathi kwemizuzu eli-10 kunye ne-15 kwicala ngalinye. Ummangali unikwa imizuzu eli-10 yokuchaza ukuba kutheni isigwebo senkundla esezantsi besingalunganga, kwaye ummangalelwa unikwa imizuzu eli-10 yokuchaza ukuba kutheni eso sigwebo sangaphambili besinobulungisa. Kwezinye iimeko, ngokucacileyo xa umcimbi ubaluleke kakhulu, iimeko zinikwa imizuzu eli-15.
Abamangali becala le-karaoke, phakathi kwamanye amatyala ngaloo ntsasa, banikwe imizuzu eyi-10. Ityala lika-Comar kunye no-Saleh linikwe i-15. Ubuncinci buyinto enqabileyo yokubaluleka kokubaluleka komcimbi okhoyo: umbuzo wokuba ingaba i-US inokuthi ihlasele na iintlanga ezizimeleyo phantsi kobuxoki - umzekelo kunye neziphumo zayo.
Emva koko, ityala lenkukhu likaPopeyes linikwe imizuzu eyi-15, nayo.
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Iinkqubo zosuku ziyaqala, kwaye kuye nabani na ongenasidanga somthetho, amatyala aphambi kweComar awenzi ngqiqo ingako. Amagqwetha akanikezi bungqina, abize amangqina kunye nokubuza imibuzo. Endaweni yoko, sihlandlo ngasinye kubizwa ityala, kulandela oku kulandelayo. Igqwetha linyukela eqongeni, ngamanye amaxesha liguqukela kubaphulaphuli ukuze lizomeleze okokugqibela isibindi kumlingane okanye othandekayo. Emva koko igqwetha liza namaphepha alo eqongeni lize liwacwangcise ngononophelo. Kula maphepha - ngokuqinisekileyo kwi-Comar's - kukho inkcazo ebhaliweyo, ecocekileyo, ephandwe nzulu, malunga nokuba liza kuthini igqwetha. Ngamaphepha acwangcisiweyo, igqwetha libonisa ukuba lilungile, unobhala wenkundla uqalisa isibali-xesha, kwaye u-10.00 ngokukhawuleza ube ngu-8.23 no-4.56 kwaye emva koko ube ngu-2.00, ngelo xesha ukukhanya okuluhlaza kunika ithuba lokuba tyheli. Kuyothusa wonke umntu. Akukho xesha laneleyo.
Kwaye akukho nalinye kweli xesha lelikammangali. Ngaphandle kokukhetha, kwimizuzwana engama-90 yokuqala, iijaji zagqogqa. Abafuni kuva iintetho. Baye bafunda amagqabantshintshi kwaye baphanda amatyala; bafuna ukungena enyameni yayo. Kwindlebe engaqeqeshwanga, into eninzi eqhubekayo enkundleni ivakala ngathi i-sophistry - ukuvavanya amandla engxoxo yomthetho, ukuphakamisa kunye nokuhlola i-hypotheticals, ukuphonononga ulwimi, i-semantics, ubuchwepheshe.
Abagwebi baneendlela ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. UAndrew Hurwitz, osekhohlo, nguye othetha kakhulu. Phambi kwakhe kukho indebe ende Ikhweyitha kofu; ngexesha lokuqala, uyaligqiba. Emva koko, ubonakala ebhuza. Njengoko ephazamisa amagqwetha, uphethukela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwezinye iijaji, ngokungathi uthi, “Ngaba ndinyanisile? Ndilungile?" Ubonakala ezonwabisa, encumile kwaye ehleka kwaye esoloko ezibandakanya. Ngaxa lithile uyacaphula Seinfeld, esithi, "Akukho isuphu yakho." Ngexesha le-karaoke, unikezela ukuba unomdla. Uthi: “Ndingumthengi wekaraoke. Emva koko uphethukela kwabanye abagwebi ababini, ngokungathi uthi, “Ngaba ndinyanisile? Ndilungile?"
UJustice uSusan Graber, ophakathi, akakubuyiseli ukujonga kukaHurwitz. Ujonga ngqo phambili kangangeeyure ezintathu. Unolusu olukhanyayo kwaye izidlele zakhe zibomvu, kodwa ukuchaphazeleka kwakhe kuqatha. Iinwele zakhe zimfutshane, iindondo zakhe zicuthene; Ujonga igqwetha ngalinye phantsi, engaqhwanyazi, umlomo ukwicala lokucaphuka.
Ekunene nguJustice Richard Boulware, omncinci, wase-Afrika waseMelika kunye nebhokhwe echetywe kakuhle. Uhleli ngokutyunjwa, okuthetha ukuba akalolungu elisisigxina leSekethe yeThoba. Uncuma rhoqo kodwa, njengoGraber, unendlela yokubeka imilebe yakhe, okanye abeke isandla esilevini okanye esidleleni, oko kubonisa ukuba akabunyamezeli tu ubuvuvu obuphambi kwakhe.
Njengoko iyure isondela kwi-11, i-Comar ikhula ngakumbi. Xa, ngo-11.03, unobhala wenkundla wazisa, “Sundus Saleh v George Bush,” kunzima ukungamxhalabisi nolwandlalo lwakhe olucocekileyo olunamaphepha amabini.
Ukukhanya kuba luhlaza kwaye iComar iyaqala. Uthetha ngaphezu komzuzu omnye ngaphambi kokuba uGraber aphazamise. Uthi: “Masike sisukele.
“Ngokuqinisekileyo,” utshilo uComar.
“Njengoko ndifunda amatyala,” utshilo, “izenzo zabasebenzi bomanyano zinokuba ziphosakele kwaye zisagqunywa nguMthetho weWestfall, ziseyinxalenye yengqesho yabo, kwaye ke ngoko ziphantsi kokhuselo loMthetho weWestfall. Ngaba awuvumelani naloo nto njengomgaqo jikelele?”
“Andiphikisani naloo nto njengomgaqo ngokubanzi,” utshilo uComar.
“Kulungile,” utshilo uGraber, “yintoni ke eyahlukileyo ngale nto?”
Nantsi, ewe, yindawo apho uComar wayejonge ukuthi, “Yintoni eyenza le nto yahluke kukuba yayiyimfazwe. Imfazwe esekwe kuhanahaniso lobuxoki kunye neenyani ezenziweyo. Imfazwe eyabangela ukufa kwabantu abamalunga nesiqingatha sesigidi. Isiqingatha sesigidi semiphefumlo, kwaza kwatshatyalaliswa isizwe.” Kodwa kubushushu balo mzuzu, imithambo-luvo yakhe yaxhuma kwaye ingqondo yakhe ibotshelelwe kumaqhina asemthethweni, uyaphendula, "Ndicinga ukuba kufuneka singene elukhulani lomthetho we-DC kwaye sijonge kumatyala omthetho we-DC apho ..."
U-Hurwitz uyamphazamisa, kwaye ukusuka apho kugcwele yonke indawo, abagwebi abathathu baphazamisana kunye no-Comar, kodwa ngokuyintloko malunga noMthetho we-Westfall kunye nokuba uBush, uCheney, uRumsfeld kunye noWolfowitz babesebenza ngaphakathi kwendawo yengqesho yabo. Yimizuzu embalwa, iyancipha ngokuhlekisayo. Ngaxa lithile u-Hurwitz uyabuza ukuba ngaba kukho nabaphi na abamangalelwa wonzakele okanye hayi, bayakufumana imbuyekezo yabasebenzi. Inqaku lakhe lelokuba umongameli kunye nekhabhinethi yakhe yayingabasebenzi bakarhulumente, kwaye banolwazi ngazo zombini iinzuzo kunye nokukhuseleka komsebenzi. Ingxoxo ihambelana nepateni yosuku oluninzi, apho iingqikelelo zonwatyiswa khona, ikakhulu ngomoya wokuhlekisa ngobuchopho, njengephazili yamagama okanye umdlalo wechess.
Emva kwemizuzu elithoba, uComar uhlala phantsi kwaye arhoxe kwimizuzu emihlanu elandelayo eDoebbler. Njengomdlali webhola ekhatywayo ofumana intanda entsha kuluhlu lwabachasi, uDoebbler uqala kwindawo eyahluke ngokupheleleyo, kwaye okwesihlandlo sokuqala kukhankanywa imiphumo yemfazwe: “Oku asikokuxhaphaza ngokwesiko kwenu,” utsho. “Esi sisenzo esitshabalalise ubomi bezigidi zabantu. Asithethi malunga nokuba igosa likarhulumente lenza nje into enokuba ngokwemiqathango yengqesho, ngaphakathi kweofisi yalo, edala umonakalo…”
“Makhe ndikumise okomzuzwana,” utshilo u-Hurwitz. “Ndifuna ukuqonda umahluko kwingxabano eniyenzayo. Ugxa wakho uthi akufuneki ukuba siwufumane lo mthetho iWestfall Act ngenxa yokuba bebengasebenzi ngokomgangatho wengqesho yabo. Makhe sicinge ukuba babekho okomzuzwana. Ngaba wenza ingxoxo yokuba nokuba bekunjalo, umthetho waseWestfall awusebenzi?”
Imizuzu emihlanu kaDoebbler ibhabha, ke lithuba likarhulumente. Igqwetha labo limalunga nama-30, libhityile kwaye likhululekile. Ubonakala engoyena unovalo njengoko ephikisa ingxoxo ka-Comar, phantse ngokupheleleyo ngokwesiseko soMthetho we-Westfall. Unikwe imizuzu eyi-15 yokukhusela urhulumente kwizityholo zemfazwe engekho sikweni, usebenzisa eli-11 kuphela.
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Xa iSekethe yeThoba yalawula ngokuchasene nokuvalwa kokuhamba kukaTrump nge-9 kaFebruwari, uninzi lwemithombo yeendaba yaseMelika, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iMelika yashiya, yabhiyozelwa. ukuzimisela kwenkundla ukunyusa kwaye ijonge amandla kamongameli ngengqiqo ephangaleleyo yokugweba. I-White House kaTrump, ukusukela kusuku lwayo lokuqala, ibonakalise ukuthambekela okuqinileyo kwisenzo esingabambekiyo, kwaye kunye neNkongolo yeRiphabhlikhi ecaleni kwakhe, bekukho isebe lezomthetho elishiyekileyo ukuze linciphise amandla akhe. ISekethe yeThoba yenza kanye loo nto.
UDonald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump)
SOBONANA ENKUNDLA, UKHUSELEKO LWESIZWE SETHU LUSEMNGQONGWENI!
Ngosuku olulandelayo, iSekethe yesithoba ekugqibeleni yalawula kwi-Saleh v Bush, kwaye apha benza okuchaseneyo. Baye baqinisekisa ukungakhuseleki kwesebe lesigqeba, nokuba ubungakanani bolwaphulo-mthetho. Uluvo lwabo luqulathe esi sivakalisi sihlasimlis’ umzimba: “Xa kwakuwiswa uMthetho waseWestfall, kwacaca ukuba olu khuselo lugubungela nezenzo ezimanyumnyezi.”
Uluvo lunamaphepha angama-25 ubude kwaye lujongana namanqaku amaninzi enziwe kwisikhalazo sikaComar, kodwa akukho nanye into. Amatyeli amaninzi inkundla iwutyeshela uMthetho weWestfall, kwaye iyawukhaba ngawo nawuphi na omnye umthetho othatha indawo yawo – nkqu nezivumelwano ezininzi ezithintela ubundlongondlongo, kuquka. umqulu weUN. Uluvo luzibophelela ngamaqhina ukuthethelela ukuhlonelwa kwalo, kodwa lunikela umzekelo omnye wesenzo solwaphulo-mthetho ekusenokwenzeka ukuba asigutyungelwa ngumthetho: “Igosa likarhulumente linokwenza ngokweenjongo ‘zobuqu’ ukuba, ngokomzekelo, lisebenzise amandla alo. iofisi ukuze kuxhamle ishishini leqabane, ingawuhoyi umonakalo obangelwa koko kwintlalo-ntle yoluntu.”
"Yayibhekisa kuTrump," utshilo uComar. Intsingiselo yeyokuba ukuphunyezwa kwemfazwe engekho sikweni akugwetyelwa; kodwa ukuba umongameli okhoyo angasebenzisa iofisi yakhe ukunceda MelaniaIimpawu, umzekelo, ngoko inkundla inokuba nento yokuthetha ngayo.
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Kusuku olusemva kwesigwebo, kwaye uComar uhleli kwigumbi lakhe, esaqhuba. Walufumana uluvo kusasa, kodwa akazange abe namandla okulufunda de kwasemva kwemini; wayesazi ukuba kwakungamfanelanga yaye elo tyala lalifile. U-Saleh ngoku uhlala kwilizwe lesithathu njengomntu ofuna indawo yokukhusela, kwaye ujongene nemiba yezempilo. Udiniwe kwaye akasenandawo ebomini bakhe yokumangalela.
UComar naye udiniwe. Eli tyala lithathe phantse iminyaka emine ukufika kwiSekethe yeThoba. Ulumkile ukuvakalisa umbulelo wakhe kuba inkundla yakuva oko kwasekuqaleni. “Into entle kukuba bayithathele ingqalelo kakhulu. Baye balungisa zonke iingxabano. "
Uyancwina, aphinde abhale imiba engazange ilungiswe yinkundla. "Banamandla okujonga umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe kwaye baqonde ubundlongondlongo njengesiqhelo." Ngamanye amazwi, iSekethe yeThoba yayinokuqaphela ukwenza imfazwe ngokungekho mthethweni njengolwaphulo-mthetho "oluphezulu", njengoko abagwebi babenayo eNuremberg, ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba elahlukileyo lokuphonononga. Kodwa abazange benze njalo. Bathi, 'Singayenza loo nto, kodwa asiyi namhlanje.' Ngokwalo mthetho, i-White House kunye neCongress zinokubulala abantu egameni lokhuseleko lwelizwe, kwaye zikhuselwe. "
Ngetyala ekupheleni, uComar uceba ukubamba ukulala nokusebenza. Ugqibezela isivumelwano sokufumana kunye nenkampani yetekhnoloji. Kodwa uhlala ekhathazekile ngeziphumo zesigwebo. “Ndiyavuya kakhulu ukuba inkundla icela umngeni kuTrump kwimeko yokufudukela kwelinye ilizwe. Kodwa, nangasiphi na isizathu, xa kufikwa kwimfazwe noxolo, e-US ifakwe nje ibhokisi kwelinye icala lengqondo yethu. Asiyibuzi nje loo nto. Kufuneka sithethe malunga nokuba kutheni sisoloko sisemfazweni. Kwaye kutheni sihlala siyenza ngokuzimeleyo. ”
Inyani yokuba abalawuli bakaBush baphumeze imfazwe ngaphandle kweziphumo zobuqu ayiqinisekisi uTrump kuphela, utshilo uComar, kodwa ubundlongondlongo kwenye indawo emhlabeni. "AmaRashiya acaphula i-Iraq ukuba ithethelele [ukuhlasela kwabo]. ECrimea. Bona kunye nabanye basebenzisa i-Iraq njengesibonelo. Ndithetha ukuthi, izivumelwano kunye namaxwebhu esiwamiselayo aseka indlela yokuba, ukuba ufuna ukubandakanyeka kubundlobongela, kufuneka ukwenze ngokusemthethweni. Kufuneka ufumane isisombululo kwi-UN kwaye usebenze kunye namaqabane akho. Kodwa yonke loo nkqubo iyaqhawuka-kwaye loo nto yenza ukuba umhlaba ube yindawo ekhuselekileyo. ”
