“Kusemva kwethu,” utshilo uFernando Gonzales weCuba Five encumile xa ndandimxelela kwimizuzu embalwa edlulileyo ukuba ndiyaxolisa ngorhulumente wase-US ngokumvalela ekhejini iminyaka eli-15. Bekumnandi ke ENew York Times ukuhlela ukuxhasa uthethathethwano lokukhulula abathathu abaseleyo, wathi, ngakumbi ekubeni elo phepha alizange linike ingxelo ngebali konke konke.
UGonzales uthe akukho mhlaba wokuba iUnited States igcine iCuba kuluhlu lwayo lwabanqolobi. Ukuba kukho iiBasque eCuba kungesivumelwano neSpain, utshilo. Ingcamango yokuba iCuba ilwa iimfazwe kuMbindi Melika bubuxoki, wongezelela, ephawula ukuba iingxoxo zoxolo zaseColombia ziyaqhubeka apha eHaana. "UMongameli wase-United States uyayazi le nto," utshilo uGonzales, "yiyo loo nto ecele ukuba uluhlu luhlaziywe."
UMedea Benjamin ukhumbule ukuza eCuba emva kwexesha apho i-United States yayizama ukubulala kungekuphela nje abantu baseCuba kodwa. khenketho owaba nobuganga bokuza eCuba. Oku, wathi, yinto abahlanu baseCuba ababezama ukuyiyeka. Ke siyavuya, uxelele uGonzales, ukuba singaza apha ngoku ngaphandle kokukhathazeka malunga no-Obama obeka ibhombu kwindawo yokwamkela iindwendwe. Ixhala eliphambeneyo? Bekungasoloko kunjalo.
Ngaphambili namhlanje siye satyelela iLatin American School of Medicine, ngoku ebizwa ngegama eliphosakeleyo njengoko ifundisa oogqirha abavela kwihlabathi lonke, kungekhona nje eLatin America. Yaqala ngowe-1998 ngokuguqula isikolo esasisakuba sisikolo somkhosi wasemanzini sibe sisikolo sobugqirha ukuze kufundiswe abafundi abasuka kuMbindi Merika imfundo yasimahla. Ukususela ngo-2005 ukuya ku-2014, isikolo siye sabona abafundi abangama-24,486 abaphumeleleyo.
Imfundo yabo isimahla kwaye iqala ngekhosi yeeveki ezingama-20 ngolwimi lwesiSpanish. Esi sisikolo sonyango esikumgangatho wehlabathi esijikelezwe yimithi yesundu kunye namabala ezemidlalo kumda weCaribbean, kwaye abafundi abakufaneleyo ukuya kwisikolo sangaphambili-oku kuthetha iminyaka emibini yekholeji yase-US - bangeza apha kwaye babe ngoogqirha ngaphandle kokuhlawula. dime, kwaye ngaphandle kokuya ematyaleni amakhulu amawaka eedola. Abafundi akunyanzelekanga ke ukuba bazilolonge eCuba okanye benze nantoni na eCuba, kodwa kulindeleke ukuba babuyele kumazwe abo baye kuziqhelanisa namayeza apho afuneka kakhulu.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku bali-112 abafundi base-US abaphumeleleyo, kwaye abangama-99 babhalisiwe ngoku. Abanye babo bahamba “nombutho” woncedo ukuya eHaiti. Bonke, emva kokuphumelela, baphumelele iimviwo zabo zaseMelika ekhaya. Ndathetha noOlive Albanese, umfundi wezamayeza waseMadison, eWisconsin. Ndambuza ukuba uza kwenza ntoni xa ethweswa isidanga. “Sinembopheleleko yokuziphatha,” waphendula ngelitshoyo, “ukusebenza apho kufuneka kakhulu khona.” Wathi uza kuya emaphandleni okanye kummandla waseMerika ongenaogqirha aze asebenze apho. Uthe urhulumente wase-US kufanele ukuba abonelele ngale nkonzo kuye nabani na oyifunayo, kwaye abantu abathweswe izidanga ngamatyala abafundi abayi kunceda abo baswele kakhulu.
Ngale ntsasa sityelele indawo esesempilweni kunesikolo sobugqirha: Alamar.
Le ntsebenziswano yokulima ephilayo kwi-25 yeehektare zasempuma yeHaana ayizange ikhethe ukuya kwizinto eziphilayo. Emva phaya ngeminyaka yoo-1990, “kwixesha elikhethekileyo” (elithetha ixesha elibi ngentlekele) akukho mntu wayenesichumiso okanye ezinye iityhefu. Babengenakuzisebenzisa ukuba babefuna. ICuba yaphulukana ne 85% yorhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe xa iSoviet Union yaqhekeka. Ngoko ke, abantu baseCuba bafunda ukuzilimela ukutya kwabo, baza bafunda ukwenjenjalo ngaphandle kwemichiza, bafunda nokutya izinto abazilimayo. Ukutya okunzima kwenyama kwaqala ukubandakanya imifuno emininzi.
Miguel Salcines, umseki we Alamar, wasinika ukhenketho, kunye nabasebenzi beekhamera abavela kumabonwakude waseJamani kunye ne-Associated Press ilandela. Ifama iye yaboniswa kwi-documentary yase-US ebizwa Amandla oLuntu, kunye neeSalcines zinike a Intetho yeTED. Kwisiko laseCuba le-monocropping iswekile, i-USSR yongeza iikhemikhali kunye noomatshini, watsho. Iikhemikhali zenza umonakalo. Yaye abantu babefudukela ezixekweni. Ulimo olukhulu lwawa, kwaye ukulima kwatshintshwa: encinci, idolophu, kunye ne-organic ngaphambi kokuba nabani na alazi elo gama. Abantu abangayithandiyo imbali yobukhoboka kwaye bengawuthandi umsebenzi we-monocropping, wathi, ngoku bafumana indlela engcono yokuphila ekusebenzeni kwii-coops zokulima. Oko kuquka abasebenzi abali-150 eAlamar, abaninzi kubo esakhe sababona saza sathetha nabo. Abasebenzi basezifama ngoku baquka abasetyhini abaninzi kunye nabantu abadala baseCuba.
Kukho abantu abaninzi baseCuba abasele bekhulile abasebenza kwiifama eziphilayo ngenxa yokuba abantu baseCuba baphila ixesha elide (iminyaka elindelekileyo yeminyaka eyi-79.9) kwaye baphila ixesha elide, ngokukaSalcines, ubuncinane ngokuyinxenye ngenxa yokutya okuphilayo. Ukuphelisa inyama yenkomo kuyiphucule impilo yabantu baseCuba, utshilo. Iintlobo-ntlobo zezinto eziphilayo kunye nezinambuzane eziluncedo kunye nokhathalelo olufanelekileyo lomhlaba endaweni yezichumisi kunye nezibulali zinambuzane, ukuze kuxhamle wonke umntu. Amawaka eeminerali kufuneka atshintshwe kumhlaba olinyiweyo, utshilo, kwaye ukutshintsha nje ezimbalwa kuzo kukhokelela kwizigulo, isifo seswekile, iingxaki zentliziyo, kunye nokunye okuninzi, kubandakanya nokungabikho kwe-libido - singasathethi ke ngezinambuzane ezininzi efama. zincitshiswe ngokunika izityalo isondlo esifanelekileyo. Neenyosi zaseCuba kuthiwa ziphila kwaye ziphilile.
I-Salcines ithi iCuba ivelisa i-1,020,000 yeetoni zemifuno ephilayo ngonyaka, iitoni ezingama-400 zazo e-Alamar ngodidi olukhulu kunye nomlinganiselo wezityalo ezintlanu ngonyaka. I-Alamar ikwavelisa iitoni ezingama-40 zesivundiso seentshulube ngonyaka, sisebenzisa iitoni ezingama-80 zezinto eziphilayo ukwenza oko.
IiSalcines zalatha kukutya okunempilo kweCuba njengento elungileyo evela kuthintelo lwase-US. Ngaphezulu kwaloo ntetho ihlazo wavakalisa ukungavisisani kwakhe noKarl Marx. Ukukhula kwabemi kuyakhula kwaye imveliso yokutya iyahambelana, utshilo. UMarx wayekholelwa ukuba isayensi iya kuyicombulula le ngxaki, kwaye wayengalunganga, wachaza iSalcines. Xa abafazi bephethe, utshilo uSalcines, abantu abakhuli. Ngoko, beka abafazi emandleni, wagqiba. Ekuphela kwendlela yokondla umhlaba, uSalcines uthe, ngokuxolisa kuMonsanto, kukugatya ulimo lokubulala ngokuthanda ulimo lobomi.
