(Eli candelo le-21 le World Beyond War iphepha elimhlophe Inkqubo Yokhuseleko Yomhlaba Wonke: Inye indlela eya kwiMfazwe. Qhubeka phambili | okulandelayo icandelo.)
Gene Sharp uye wadibanisa imbali ukufumana kunye nokurekhoda amakhulu eendlela ezisetyenziselwe ngempumelelo ukuphazamisa uxinzelelo. Ukukhusela okusekelwe kuluntu (CBD)
ibonisa ukukhuselwa ngabantu (njengabalingani basebenzi bempi) basebenzisa iindlela zokulwa emzimbeni (ngokungafani nemikhosi yempi kunye neepalilitary). Lo ngumgaqo-nkqubo ojoliswe ekunqandeni nasekunqobeni ukuhlaselwa kwezempi zasemzini, imisebenzi, kunye nokukhishwa kwangaphakathi. "note3 Olu khuselo "lusetyenziselwa ukuba luqhutywe luluntu kunye namaziko alo ngokulungiselela ukulungiselela, ukucwangcisa nokuqeqeshwa kwangaphambili."
Le "ipolisi [apho] lonke uluntu kunye namaziko oluntu ziba yimikhosi yokulwa. Isixhobo sabo sinezixhobo ezahlukeneyo zengqondo, ezoqoqosho, ezentlalo, kunye nezopolitiko kunye nokuhlaselwa. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo uhlose ukukhusela ukuhlaselwa kunye nokuzikhusela ngokulungelelanisa ukuba uluntu lungabonakali ngabakhohlisi kunye nabahlaseli. Abantu abaqeqeshweyo kunye namaziko oluntu baya kulungela ukukhanyela abahlaseleli iinjongo zabo kunye nokwenza ukuhlanganiswa kolawulo lwezopolitiko akunakwenzeka. Ezi njongo ziza kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ukungabikho komsebenzi kunye nokukhethileyo. Ukongeza, xa kunokwenzeka, ilizwe elikhuselayo liza kuba nenjongo yokudala iingxaki zamazwe ngamazwe aphezulu kubahlaseli kunye nokuguqula ukuthembeka kwemikhosi yabo kunye nabasebenzi.
Gene Sharp (Umbhali, uMsunguli weziko le-Albert Einstein)
Ingxaki ebhekene nayo yonke imimandla ukususela ekuvelweni kwemfazwe, oko kukuthi, ukuba ungenise okanye ube ngumfanekiso wesirangabi somhlaseli ohlaselayo, usombulule ngokukhuselwa kombutho. Ukuba njengento okanye imfazwe efana neye-aggressor yayisekelwe kwinyani yokuba ukumisa kufuna ukunyanzeliswa. Ukukhusela okusekelwe kuluntu kubonisa amandla enamandla anokunyanzelisa angayidingi impi yempi.
Kwi-defense-based based-based, yonke intsebenziswano ihoxiswa kumandla ahlaselayo. Akukho nto isebenza. Izibane azifikeleli, okanye ukushisa, inkunkuma ayifumanwanga, inkqubo ye-transit ayisebenzi, inkundla iphelile ukusebenza, abantu abalaleli imiyalelo. Oku kwenzekayo kwi "Kapp Putsch" eBerlin ngo-1920 xa umntu owayengumlawuli wecala kunye nomkhosi wakhe wecala wazama ukuthatha. Urhulumente odlulileyo wabalekela, kodwa abemi baseBerlin babengakwazi ukubusa kangangokuthi, nangona amandla amakhulu empi, ukuthatha inxaxheba kwadlulayo kwiiveki. Wonke amandla awaveli kumbhobho wesibhamu.
Kwezinye iimeko, ukuxhatshazwa kwipropati karhulumente kuya kuthathwa njengefanelekileyo. Xa i-Army yaseFransi ihlala eJamani emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, abasebenzi baseJamani baqhuma iinjinjini kwaye baqhawula iingqungquthela zokukhusela amaFrentshi ukuba bangene kwimikhosi ejikelezayo ukuze bahlangabezane nemiboniso emikhulu. Ukuba ijoni laseFransi lafika kwi-tram, umqhubi wenqaba ukuhamba.
Iinjongo ezimbini eziphambili zenkxaso yokukhusela ngokusemthethweni; okokuqala, ukuba onke amandla avela ngaphantsi-wonke urhulumente ngowomthetho olawulwayo kwaye loo mvume inokuhlala ihoxiswa, ibangela ukuwa kwe-elite ebusayo. Okwesibini, ukuba isizwe sibonakala singenakwenzeka, ngenxa yombutho okhuselekileyo okhuselekileyo onobukhosi, akukho sizathu sokuzama ukuwunqoba. Uhlanga oluvikelwe ngumkhosi wamasosha lunokutshatyalaliswa kwimfazwe ngamandla amakhulu empi. Izibonelo ezingenakubalwa. Imizekelo iphinda ikhona yezizwe eziphakanyiswayo kunye nokulwa noorhulumente obuthatshazo obunobutshabalazo ngokungabikho komzabalazo ongenamdla, ukuqala ngokukhulula kumandla ahleliyo eIndiya ngabantu baseGandhi ukunyakaza kwamandla, ukuqhubeka nokuchithwa kolawulo lukaMarcos ePhilippines, ulawulo lolawulo lwama-Soviet EMpuma Yurophu, kunye neArabhu Spring, zibiza nje ezimbalwa zeempawu eziphawulekayo.
Kulokhuseleko olusekelwe kuluntu, bonke abantu abadala abanokuqeqeshwa ngeendlela zokuchasana.note4 I-Reserve Corps yezigidi ihlelwe, yenza ukuba isizwe sibe namandla ngokuzimela kwayo ukuba akukho mntu unokucinga ukuba uzama ukunqoba. Inkqubo ye-CBD ipapashwa ngokubanzi kwaye iyabonakala ngokucacileyo kubachasayo. Inkqubo ye-CBD yayiza kuhlawula iqhezu lemali esetshenziselwe ukuxhasa inkqubo yokukhusela impi. I-CBD inokubonelela ngokukhusela ngendlela efanelekileyo kwiNkqubo yeMfazwe, ngelixa liyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yoxolo enamandla.
(Qhubeka phambili | okulandelayo icandelo.)
Sifuna ukuva kuwe! (Nceda wabelane ngeengxelo ezingezantsi)
Oku kukhokelela njani nina ukucinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo malunga neendlela zokulwa nemfazwe?
Yintoni ongayongeza, okanye utshintshe okanye umbuzo malunga nalo?
Yintoni ongayenza ukuze uncede abantu abaninzi baqonde malunga nale ndlela yokulwa nemfazwe?
Ungathatha njani inyathelo ukwenza le nto ibe yimfazwe inyaniso?
Nceda wabelane ngokubanzi kweli nqaku!
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amaNqaku:
3. Sharp, Gene. 1990. Ukhuseleko olusisiseko-mali: I-System Post Military System. Ukuqhagamshelana nencwadi yonke: http://www.aeinstein.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Civilian-Based-Defense-English.pdf. (Ibuyela kwinqaku eliphambili)
4. Jonga i-Gene Sharp, i-Politics ye-Action Nonviolent Action, nokwenza iYurophu ingabonakali, kunye noKhuseleko oluSebenzisene noluntu phakathi kwezinye izinto. Enye incwadana, Ukususela kwiDictictality kuya kwiDemokhrasi yaguqulelwa kwisiArabhu ngaphambi kwe-Arab Spring. (Ibuyela kwinqaku eliphambili)
