Xa iRussia neSyria yabulala abantu ekuqhubeni imikhosi yase-Al Qaeda e-Aleppo, amagosa ase-US nabezindaba baye bakhwaza "ngolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe."
NguNicolas JS Davies, Agasti 21, 2017, News Consortium.
Iingxelo zobukrelekrele bemikhosi yaseIraq ziye zaqikelela ukuba i-Iraq i-Iraq engqingiwe kunye nokuqhushumba kwe-Mosul ukukhupha imikhosi ye-Islamic State. yabulala abantu base40,000. Olu lolona qikelelo lubonakalayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kumanani okusweleka kwabantu eMosul.
Amajoni aseMelika avutha umlilo ngeM109A6 Paladin ukusuka
indawo yokuhlangana enobuchule eHamam al-Alil
ukuxhasa ukuqala kokhuseleko lwase-Iraq
Emikhosi aseNtshona Mosul, Iraq,
NgoFeb.19, 2017. (Ifoto yomkhosi ngu-Staff Sgt.
UJason Hull)
Kodwa oku kungenzeka ukuba kungathathi nto phantsi kwenani eliqinisekileyo labemi ababuleweyo. Akukho sifundo sinzulu, senziwe ngenjongo yokubala abantu abafileyo eMosul, kwaye izifundo kwezinye iindawo zemfazwe ziye zafumana amanani abantu abafileyo abagqithise uqikelelo lwangaphambili nge-20 ukuya kwenye, njengoko iKhomishini yeNyaniso exhaswa ziZizwe eziManyeneyo yenze IGuatemala emva kokuphela kwemfazwe yamakhaya. E-Iraq, izifundo zesifo se-epidemiological ngo-2004 nango-2006 zatyhila a ukubulawa kwabantu emva kokuhlaselwa leyo yayimalunga namaxesha e-12 ngaphezulu koqikelelo lwangaphambili.
Ukuqhushumba kweMosul kubandakanya amashumi amawaka iibhombu kunye nemipu yehliswe ziinqanawa zemfazwe zase-US kunye "nemanyano", amawaka I-RNUMX-pound HiMARS roketi bagxothwa ngooMarines baseMelika kwisiseko sabo "seRocket Rock" eQuayara, kunye neshumi okanye amakhulu amawaka e I-155-mm kunye ne-122-mm Howitzer iqokobhe ukugxothwa yi-US, isiFrentshi kunye ne-Iraq artillery.
Le bhombu yeenyanga ezisithoba ishiye uninzi lweMosul isenkangala.njengoko kubonakala apha), Ke ubungakanani bokubulawa kwabantu abahlali akufuneki bothuse nakubani na. Kodwa ukutyhilwa kweengxelo zezobuntlola zaseKurdish ngowayesakuba nguMphathiswa Wezangaphandle e-Iraq uHoshyar Zebari kwi Udliwanondlebe noPatrick Cockburn ze-UK's Ezizimeleyo Iphephandaba likwenza kucace ukuba ii-arhente zobuntlola ezihambelana nabo babelazi kakuhle inani labantu abenzakala kulo lonke eli phulo linoburharha.
Ingxelo yezobuntlola zaseKurdish ziphakamisa imibuzo enzulu malunga nezitatimende zomkhosi wase-US malunga nokufa kwabantu kwibhombu yase-Iraq nase-Syria ukusukela ngo-2014. Kutshanje ngo-Epreli 30, 2017, umkhosi wase-US waqikelela esidlangalaleni inani lokufa kwabantu ngenxa yabo bonke. Iibhola ze-79,992 kunye neemfono yayilahlile e-Iraq nase-Syria ukusukela ngo-2014 kuphela Ubuncinci i-352. NgoJuni 2, ihlaziye kancinci uqikelelo lwayo olungenangqondo ukuze Ubuncinci i-484.
"Ukungangqinelani" -kuphindaphinda phantse i-100-kumanani abantu ababhubhileyo phakathi kweengxelo zomkhosi wase-Kurdish kunye neengxelo zomkhosi wase-US akunakuba ngumbuzo wokutolikwa okanye ukungavumelani kokholo phakathi kwamanyeneyo. Amanani aqinisekisa ukuba, njengoko abahlalutyi abazimeleyo bekrokrela, umkhosi wase-US wenze iphulo lokuzama ukujongela phantsi esidlangalaleni inani labantu ababuleleyo kwiphulo labo lokuqhushumisa e-Iraq nase-Syria.
IPhulo lePropaganda
Eyona njongo yesizathu sephulo elinabileyo lokusasaza ngabasemagunyeni base-US kukunciphisa indlela abantu abasabela ngayo e-United States nase-Europe ekubulaweni kwamashumi amawaka abahlali ukuze i-US kunye nemikhosi edibeneyo iqhubeke nokuqhushumisa nokubulala ngaphandle kwezithintelo kwezopolitiko. ukuphendula.
UNikki Haley, waseUnited States osisigxina
Ummeli kwi-UN, uyalahla
Izityholo zolwaphulo-mthetho lwaseSyria phambi ko
IBhunga lezoKhuseleko ngo-Epreli 27, 2017 (Ifoto ye-UN)
Kuya kuba yinto engekhoyo ukukholelwa ukuba amaziko orhulumente orhwaphilizayo eUnited States okanye amajelo eendaba asezantsi e-US aza kuthatha amanyathelo abalulekileyo okuphanda inani labemi ababuleweyo eMosul. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuba uluntu lwasekuhlaleni luhambisane nenyani yokutshatyalaliswa kweMosul kunye nokubulawa kwabantu bayo. I-UN kunye noorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela kufuneka babambe i-United States baphendule ngezenzo zayo kwaye bathathe inyathelo eliqinileyo lokumisa ukubulawa kwabantu baseRaqqa, eTal Afar, Hawija kwaye naphina apho umkhankaso okhokelwa yibhombu okhokelwa yi-US uqhubeka ungathintelwa.
Iphulo le-propaganda lase-US lokwenza ngathi ukuba umkhosi wayo awubulali amakhulu amawaka abantu ngaphambi kokuba kuhlaselwe iMosul. Ngapha koko, ngelixa umkhosi wase-US ungaphumelelanga ukuwoyisa amandla okuxhathisa nakweliphi na ilizwe elihlaseleyo okanye elihlaseleyo ukusukela ngo-2001, ukusilela kwibala lomlo kuye kwasuswa ngempumelelo enkulu kwiphulo lobuxoki lwasekhaya elishiye abantu baseMelika ukungazi kufutshane kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwemikhosi yase-US yonakalise ubuncinci kumazwe asixhenxe (Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Syria, Syria, Yemen, Somalia ne Libya).
Kwi-2015, oGqirha abaXhasi ngeNtlalontle (PSR) bapapashe ingxelo enesihloko esithi, "Amandla omzimba: Imizekelo yezehlo emva kweMinyaka eyi-10 yemfazwe kwiNzondo'. ” Le ngxelo inamaphepha angama-97 ihlolisise iinzame ezikhoyo esidlangalaleni zokubala abantu abafileyo e-Iraq, e-Afghanistan nasePakistan, kwaye yagqiba kwelokuba bamalunga ne-1.3 yezigidi abantu ababuleweyo kula mazwe mathathu kuphela.
Ndiza kuvavanya uphando lwe-PSR ngakumbi ngomzuzwana, kodwa inani labo lezigidi ze-1.3 beswelekile kumazwe amathathu nje limi ngokuchasene noko amagosa aseMelika kunye namajelo eendaba axele uluntu lwaseMelika malunga nemfazwe yehlabathi eyandayo isiliwa. igama lethu.
Emva kokuvavanya uqikelelo olwahlukeneyo lokufa kwabantu emfazwe eIraq, ababhali be Ukubala kweBhunga bagqiba kwelokuba kufundisiso lobugebenga ekhokelwa nguGilbert Burnham weSikolo iJohn Hopkins School of Health Public ngo-2006 yayiyeyona ichanekileyo nethembekileyo. Kodwa kwiinyanga nje ezimbalwa emva kolo phando lafumanisa ukuba malunga ne-600,000 ye-Iraqis mhlawumbi yabulawa kwiminyaka emithathu ukusukela kuhlaselo olukhokelwa yi-US, Ipolisi ye-AP-Ipsos obuze iwaka laseMelika ukuba liqikelele ukuba zingaphi i-Iraqis ezibuleweyo zavelisa impendulo ephakathi ye-9,890 kuphela.
Ke, kwakhona, sifumana umahluko omkhulu-uphinda-phindwe malunga nama-60-phakathi kwento uluntu olukhokelwe ukuba luyikholelwe kunye noqikelelo olukhulu lwamanani abantu ababuleweyo. Ngelixa umkhosi wase-US ubala ngocoselelo kwaye wachonga ukwenzakala kwabo kwezi mfazwe, usebenze nzima ukugcina uluntu lwase-US lusebumnyameni malunga nokuba bangaphi abantu ababuleweyo kumazwe athe ahlasela okanye ahlasela.
Oku kwenza ukuba iinkokheli zopolitiko nezomkhosi zase-US zigcine ubuxoki bokuba silwa ezi mfazwe kwamanye amazwe ukuze kuxhamle abantu babo, ngokuchasene nokubulala izigidi zabo, ukuqhushumbisa iidolophu zabo, kunye nokufaka ilizwe ilizwe emva kobundlobongela obungalawulekiyo. isiphithiphithi iinkokeli zethu eziphelelwe yimilinganiselo ezingenasisombululo, ezomkhosi okanye enye indlela.
(Emva kokuba isifundo se-Burnham sikhutshiwe kwi-2006, imithombo yeendaba ephambili yaseNtshona yachitha ixesha elininzi kunye nendawo yokuchitha isifundo kunangaphambi kokuba kuchithwe ixesha elide ukuzama ukufumana inani eliqinisekileyo le-Iraqis ebisweleke ngenxa yokuhlaselwa.)
Izixhobo ezigwenxa
Ngelixa i-US yatyhola nge-bomb e-Iraq ngo-2003, enye intatheli ye-AP yathetha noRob Hewson, umhleli Izixhobo zikaJane eziMiselwe nguMoya, ulindixesha wezorhwebo wamazwe ngamazwe, owazi kakuhle "izixhobo ezenziwa ngomoya" ezenzelwe ukuzenza. U-Hewson uqikelele oko Iipesenti ezingama-20-25 zezixhobo “ezichanekileyo” zamva nje zaseMelika bephulukene nezinto ebebejolise kuzo, bebulala abantu ngokungekho mthethweni kunye nokutshabalalisa izakhiwo ezingahleliwe kulo i-Iraq
Ukuqala kokuhlasela kwe-US e-Iraq
I-2003, uMongameli uGeorge W. Bush uyalele
emkhosini wase-US ukuqhuba intlekele
uhlaselo lwasemoyeni eBaghdad, eyaziwa ngokuba
"Yothuka kwaye woyike."
Ekugqibeleni iPentagon yakuchaza oko isinye kwisithathu sebhombu saphoswa eIraq yayingezizo "izixhobo ezichanekileyo" kwasekuqaleni, ke isiqingatha seebhombu ezazidubula eIraq yayiziibhombu zekhaphethi ezindala okanye izixhobo "ezichanekileyo" zihlala ziphoswa ziinjongo zazo.
Njengoko uRob Hewson uxelele i-AP, "Kwimfazwe elwelwa ukunceda abantu baseIraq, ngekhe ubenakho ukubulala namnye kubo. Kodwa awungekhe ulahle iibhombu kwaye ungabulali abantu. Yonke into iyinyani. ”
Kwiminyaka elishumi elinesine kamva, le dichotomy iyaqhubeka kwimisebenzi yomkhosi wase-US kwihlabathi liphela. Emva kwamagama e-euphemistic anje ngo "tshintsho lolawulo" kunye "nongenelelo ngoncedo," ukusetyenziswa kobundlongondlongo okukhokelwa yi-US kuye kwatshabalalisa nayiphi na into ekhoyo kumazwe amathandathu kunye neendawo ezinkulu zamanye amaninzi, ebashiya begcwele ubundlobongela obungalawulekiyo kunye nesiphithiphithi.
Kwilizwe ngalinye kula, umkhosi wase-US ngoku ulwa nemikhosi engaqhelekanga esebenza phakathi kwabantu, isenza ukuba kube nzima ukujolisa kula majoni okanye amajoni ngaphandle kokubulala inani elikhulu labantu. Kodwa ke, ukubulala abahlali kuphela kuqhuba uninzi lwabasindileyo ukujoyina umlo wokulwa nabangaphandle baseNtshona, qinisekisa ukuba le mfazwe yehlabathi asymmetric iyaqhubeka isasazeka kwaye iyanda.
Ukubala kweBhungaUqikelelo lwe-1.3 yezigidi zabantu abafileyo, ezibeke inani elipheleleyo labaswelekileyo e-Iraq malunga nesigidi esinye, ibisekwe kwizifundo ezininzi zesifo esenziwe apho. Kodwa ababhali bagxininise ukuba akukho zifundo zenziweyo e-Afghanistan nase Pakistan, kwaye ke uqikelelo lwala mazwe lwalusekwe kwiingxelo ezinamaqhekeza, ezingathembekanga ezihlanganiswe ngamaqela oluntu, oorhulumente base-Afghanistan nabase Pakistani kunye ne-UN Assistance Mission e-Afghanistan. Ke Ukubala kweBhungaUqikelelo olugcinekileyo lwabantu abangama-300,000 ababulewe eAfghanistan nasePakistan kunokuba liqhezu nje lenani labantu ababuleweyo kula mazwe ukusukela ngo2001.
Amakhulu amawaka abantu abangakumbi babulawa e-Syria, Yemen, Somalia, Libya, Palestine, Philippines, Ukraine, Mali nakwamanye amazwe atyhutyhutyhutyhuzayo yimfazwe ye-asymmetric, kunye namaxhoba eNtshona kolwaphulo-mthetho olwenzeka eSan Bernardino ukuya e-Barcelona. kunye noTurku. Ke, mhlawumbi ayisiyiyo into exabisekileyo yokuthetha ukuba iimfazwe zase-US zilwile kuba i-2001 ibulale abantu abazizigidi ezibini, kwaye ukuphalazwa kwegazi akukho nto okanye kunciphisa.
Ngaba thina bantu baseMelika, esilwa egameni lakhe zonke ezi mfazwe, sizibambe thina kunye neenkokheli zethu zopolitiko nezomkhosi ezinoxanduva lokutshabalalisa abantu abaninzi abamsulwa? Kwaye siya kuthi siziphendulise njani iinkokheli zethu zomkhosi kunye namajelo eendaba ngokudibeneyo kwiphulo lobuxoki elivumela imilambo yegazi lomntu ukuba iqhubeke ibaleka ingachazwanga kwaye ingalawulwa zizithunzi zoluntu lwethu "olunolwazi" kodwa oluyinkohliso?
UNicolas JS Davies ngumlobi we Igazi Ezandleni Zethu: Uhlaselo lwaseMelika kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kweIraq. Uye wabhala izahluko ezimalunga "no-Obama eMfazweni" ekuGreyini uMongameli wama-44: iKhadi leNgxelo kwiKota yokuQala kaBarack Obama njengeNkokeli eqhubela phambili.
