Abantu baseMelika abahlala phesheya-ngaphezulu kwe- izigidi ezintandathu kuthi kwihlabathi liphela (kungabalwa abo basebenzela urhulumente wase-US) -uhlala ujongene nemibuzo enzima malunga nelizwe lethu kubantu esihlala phakathi kwabo. Abantu baseYurophu, abaseAsia, nabaseAfrika basicela ukuba sichaze yonke into ebaphazamisayo malunga nokuziphatha okungaqhelekanga kunye nokuphazamisayo kweMelika. Abantu abahloniphekileyo, ngesiqhelo aba madolw 'anzima ukuzibeka esichengeni sokwandwendwela undwendwe, bakhalaza ngelithi i-America's trigger-yolonwabo, ubukrelekrele bokumakisha, kunye "nokungafani" kuqhubeke ixesha elide ukuba kungathathwa njengesigaba sokufikisa. Oko kuthetha ukuba thina bantu baseMelika baphesheya siyabuzwa rhoqo ukuba siziphathe ngendlela "yelizwe lethu," ngoku elaziwayo ukuhla nangakumbi ngaphandle kwenyathelo kunye nehlabathi liphela.
Kubomi bam obude bokuhambahamba, ndibenethamsanqa lokuphila, ukusebenza, okanye ukuhamba kuwo onke ngaphandle kwamazwe ambalwa kulo mhlaba. Ndiye kuzo zombini iipali kunye neendawo ezininzi eziphakathi, kwaye ndonwabile njengoko ndinjalo, bendithetha nabantu kuyo yonke le ndlela. Ndisalikhumbula ixesha lokuba ngumMerika kwakufuneka simonelwe. Ilizwe apho ndakhulela khona emva kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi kwakubonakala ngathi liyahlonitshwa kwaye liyathandwa kwihlabathi liphela ngenxa yezizathu ezininzi zokungena apha.
Oko kutshintshiwe, kunjalo. Kwanasemva kohlaselo lwe-Iraq ngo-2003, ndaye ndadibana nabantu-kuMbindi Mpuma, hayi kancinci - bazimisele ukubamba isigwebo e-US Abaninzi babecinga ukuba iNkundla ePhakamileyo Ukufakwa kaGeorge W. Bush njengo-Mongameli wayengabaphulli abavoti baseMelika baya kulungisa kunyulo lwe-2004. Bakhe ubuyela eofisini ipelise ngokwenene isiphelo seMelika njengoko ilizwe belisazi njalo. UBush wayeqale imfazwe, echasene nehlabathi liphela, kuba wayefuna kwaye enako. Uninzi lwabantu baseMelika bamxhasa. Kwaye kulapho yonke imibuzo engathandekiyo yaqala khona.
Kwindla yokuqala ye2014, ndandihamba endlwini yam eOslo, eNorway, ukutyhubela uninzi lweMpuma kunye noMbindi Yurophu. Yonke indawo endaya kuyo kwiinyanga ezimbini, amaxesha emva kokuba abantu bendawo baqonda ukuba ndingumMelika imibuzo eqalayo kwaye, bechubekile ngendlela ababeqhele ngayo, uninzi lwabo lwalunomxholo omnye ophantsi komxholo: Ngaba abantu baseMelika bawele ngaphaya komda? Ingaba uphambene? Nceda uchaze.
Kutshanje, ndibuyele “kwilizwe lakowethu.” Undibethile apho uninzi lwabantu baseMelika abanalo nofifi lokuba singaqhelekanga kanjani ngoku kwihlabathi liphela. Kumava am, ababukeli bamanye amazwe banolwazi olungcono ngathi malunga nomndilili waseMelika malunga nabo. Oku kungenxa yokuba "iindaba" kwimithombo yeendaba zaseMelika zincinci kwaye zilinganiselwe kwiimbono zayo zombini indlela esenza ngayo kunye nendlela amanye amazwe acinga ngayo-nkqu namazwe ebesikade sisandula ukuba nawo, ngoku, okanye asoyikisayo ukuba kungekudala aza kuba semfazweni . Ubundlobongela baseMelika bodwa, singasathethi ke nge-acrobatics yezezimali, inyanzela ilizwe liphela ukuba lisilandele. Ngubani owaziyo, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, yeyiphi impixano amaMelika anokukutsalela kuyo ngokulandelayo, njengajolise okanye ally ally
Ke naphi na apho sithe sahlala khona kule planethi, sifumana umntu ofuna ukuthetha ngeziganeko zamva nje zaseMelika, ezinkulu nezincinci: elinye ilizwe ibhomu egameni lika yethu "Ukhuseleko lwesizwe," olunye uqhankqalazo olunoxolo hlaselwa ngokuya kwethu emkhosini amapolisa, omnye diatribe ngokuchasene "noorhulumente omkhulu" ngomnye umgqatswa we-wannabe onethemba lokulawula lo rhulumente eWashington. Ezo ndaba zishiya abaphulaphuli bamanye amazwe bedidekile kwaye bezele luloyiko.
Ixesha lombuzo
Thatha imibuzo ephula abantu baseYurophu kule minyaka ka-Obama (yeyiphi 1.6 million Abantu baseMelika abahlala eYurophu bahlala befumana indlela yethu). Phezulu kuluhlu: “Kutheni umntu phikisa Ukhathalelo lwempilo lweLizwe? ”I-Yuropa kunye namanye amazwe ahambele phambili kwezorhwebo banendlela ethile ukhathalelo lwempilo lukazwelonke ukusukela ngeminyaka yoo-1930 okanye yoo-1940, iJamani ukusukela ngo-1880. Ezinye iinguqulelo, njengaseFrance nase-Great Britain, ziye zanikezela kwiinkqubo zikarhulumente nezabucala ezibini. Nangona kunjalo abo banelungelo lokuhlawulela umkhondo okhawulezileyo ngekhe babe nenkalipho kwabo bahlala kunye nabo abaxhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente kukhathalelo lwempilo. Abantu abaninzi baseMelika bayabetha abantu baseYurophu Iyadidizela, ukuba akunjalo ngenene.
Kumazwe aseScandinavia, ekudala kuthathwa njengowona uphucukileyo kwezentlalo emhlabeni, a Kazwelonke (ngokwasemzimbeni nangokwasengqondweni) inkqubo yezempilo, exhaswa ngurhulumente, yinxalenye enkulu- kodwa yinxalenye kuphela yenkqubo yezentlalontle ngokubanzi. ENorway, apho ndihlala khona, bonke abemi banamalungelo alinganayo imfundo (urhulumente uxhaswe zasesikolweni ukusuka kwiminyaka yokuqala, kunye nezikolo zasimahla ukusuka kwiminyaka yesithandathu ngokufumana uqeqesho olukhethekileyo okanye Yunivesithi imfundo nangaphaya), izibonelelo zomsebenzi, Ukubekwa emsebenzini kunye neenkonzo ezihlawulelwayo zokubuyisa, ikhefu labazali elihlawulwayo, ipenshoni yobudala, kunye nokuninzi. Ezi zibonelelo azikho nje "ngomnatha wokhuseleko" ongxamisekileyo; Oko kukuthi, iintlawulo zesisa ngokukrokra zinikwa abahluphekileyo. Zikho jikelele: ziyafumaneka ngokulinganayo kubo bonke abemi njengamalungelo oluntu akhuthaza imvisiswano kwezentlalo- okanye njengoko umgaqo-siseko wase-US unokubeka, "ukuzola kwasekhaya." Akumangalisi ukuba, iminyaka emininzi, abavavanyi bamanye amazwe babeke iNorway njengeyona ndawo ibalaseleyo guga, Ukuya yiba ngumfazi, kunye ne khulisa umntwana. Isihloko sendawo "ehamba phambili" okanye "eyonwabe kakhulu" indawo yokuhlala eMhlabeni yehla kumncintiswano wobumelwane phakathi kweNorway kunye nezinye iindlela zentando yesininzi zaseNordic, eSweden, eDenmark, eFinland nase-Iceland.
ENorway, zonke izibonelelo zihlawulwa ikakhulu irhafu ephezulu. Xa kuthelekiswa nengqondo ephindaphindiweyo yekhowudi yetax yase-US, i-Norway ngokuthe ngqo, ingeniso yerhafu emsebenzini kunye nepenshini ngokuthe ngcembe, ukuze abo banemivuzo ephezulu bahlawule ngaphezulu. Umnyango werhafu ubala, uthumela i-bil yonyaka, kunye nababhatala irhafu, nangona bekhululekile ukuphikisana nesixa-mali, bahlawule ngokuzithandela, besazi ukuba bona nabantwana babo bafumana ntoni. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba imigaqo-nkqubo karhulumente isasaza kakuhle ubutyebi kwaye ithambekele ekunciphiseni umda wenzuzo yengeniso yelizwe, uninzi lwabantu baseNorwegi bahamba ngesikhephe kakuhle kwisikhephe esinye. (Cinga ngale nto!)
Ubomi kunye nenkululeko
Le nkqubo ayizange yenzeke nje. Yayicwangcisiwe. I-Sweden ikhokele indlela kwii-1930s, kwaye onke amazwe amahlanu ase-Nordic angenelele ngexesha lemfazwe ukuze aphuhlise eyabo into eyayibizwa ngokuba yi-Nordic Model: ukulingana kongxowankulu abalawulwa, intlalo-ntle yoluntu, idemokhrasi yezopolitiko, kunye neyona nto iphezulu amanqanaba e ngesini kunye nokulingana kwezoqoqosho kwiplanethi. Yinkqubo yabo. Baziqalile. Bayayithanda. Ngaphandle kweenzame zikarhulumente wokubambisa okwethutyana ukulilawula, bayaligcina. Ngoba?
Kuwo onke amazwe aseNordic, kukho isivumelwano ngokubanzi ngokubanzi kwezopolitiko kuphela xa kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno zabantu ezisisiseko- xa banokuyeka ukukhathazeka ngemisebenzi yabo, umvuzo wabo, izindlu zabo, ukuthuthwa kwabo, ukhathalelo lwabo lwempilo, abantwana babo ' imfundo, kunye nabazali babo abalupheleyo - kungoko kuphela apho banokuthi babe nenkululeko yokwenza njengoko bathanda. Ngelixa i-US isombulula into yokuba, ukusukela ekuzalweni, wonke umntwana unesibetho esilinganayo kwiphupha laseMelika, iinkqubo zentlalontle zaseNordic zibeka isiseko sokulingana okuqinisekileyo kunye nokuzimela.
Ezi zimvo azizoveli. Zichazwe kwintshayelelo yoMgaqo-siseko wethu. Uyazi, indawo ethi "thina Bantu" sakha "uManyano olugqibeleleyo" ukukhuthaza intlalontle ngokubanzi, kunye nokufumana iintsikelelo zenkululeko kuthi nakwimvelaphi yethu. Nanjengoko wayelungiselela isizwe ukuba silwe imfazwe, uMongameli uFranklin D. Roosevelt wachaza ngokukhumbula izinto eziza kuba yile ntlalontle kwintetho yakhe yoBumbano kwi-1941. Phakathi "kwezinto ezilula ezingasokuze zilibaleke," zidweliswe "Ukulingana kwamathuba kulutsha nabanye, imisebenzi yabo banokusebenzela, ukhuseleko kwabo bayifunayo, ukupheliswa kwamalungelo akhethekileyo kwabambalwa, ukulondolozwa kwenkululeko yabantu bonke," kwaye ewe, irhafu ephezulu yokuhlawula ezo zinto kunye neendleko zezixhobo zokuzikhusela.
Ukwazi ukuba amaMelika asebenzisa ukuxhasa ezo mbono, umntu waseNorway namhlanje uyothusa ukuba afunde ukuba yi-CEO yombutho omkhulu waseMelika lwenza phakathi kwe300 kunye namaxesha e-400 ngokulingana nomqeshwa ophakathi. Okanye iirhuluneli uSam Brownback waseKansas noChris Christie waseNew Jersey, beqhubile ukwenza amatyala kurhulumente wabo ngokusika irhafu kwizityebi, ngoku baceba ukuba gubungela ilahleko ngemali ethathiwe kwimali yepenshini yabasebenzi kwicandelo likarhulumente. KumNorway, umsebenzi kurhulumente kukwabela ilizwe lonke ithamsanqa elifanelekileyo ngokuchanekileyo, lingathumeli phezulu, njengaseMelika namhlanje, kwisenti esine-finge.
Ekucwangciseni kwabo, abantu baseNorway bathanda ukwenza izinto kancinci kancinci, bahlala becinga ixesha elide, becinga ukuba bunganjani ubomi obungcono kubantwana babo, abo bazayo. Yiyo loo nto umntu waseNorway, okanye nawuphina umantla we-Yurophu, emangalisiwe kukufumanisa ukuba isibini kwisithathu sabafundi beekholeji zaseMelika bayayigqiba imfundo yabo ebomvu, abanye ngenxa $ 100,000 okanye ngaphezulu. Okanye e-US, lelona lizwe licebe kakhulu emhlabeni, Isinye kwisithathu abantwana bahlala kwintlupheko, kunye omnye kwintlanu abantu abancinci phakathi kweminyaka ye-18 kunye ne-34. Okanye eMelika yakutshanje iimfazwe eziibhiliyoni zama-dollar belwilwe kwikhadi letyala ukuba lihlawulwe abantwana bethu. Okusibuyisela kweli gama: krwada.
Iziphumo zenkohlakalo, okanye uhlobo lokungaziphathi kakuhle, kubonakala ngathi zikho kweminye imibuzo emininzi ababukeli bamanye amazwe bebuza malunga neMelika: Ungayimisa njani inkampu yoxinaniso eCuba, kwaye kutheni ungayivali? Okanye: Ungazenza njani njengelizwe lobuKristu ukanti uqhubeka nesigwebo sentambo? Oku kulandelwa ngokufuthi oku: Ungayikhetha njani into yokuba ngumongameli wendoda enekratshi ngokubulala abanye abantu e ngokukhawuleza okukhulu irekhodwe kwimbali yaseTexas? (Abantu baseYurophu ngekhe balibale uGeorge W. Bush.)
Ezinye izinto endinokuphendula ngazo zibandakanya:
* Kutheni le nto nina maMelika ningayeki ukuphazamisa ukhathalelo lwempilo lwabasetyhini?
* Kutheni le nto ungayiqondi isayensi?
* Unokuhlala njani uyimfama kangaka kwinyani yokutshintsha kwemozulu?
* Ungathetha njani ngomthetho womthetho xa abongameli bakho besophula imithetho yamazwe-ngamazwe ukwenza imfazwe naphi na xa bafuna?
* Ungawanikezela njani amandla okutyhoboza umhlaba ube ngumntu omnye, umntu oqhelekileyo?
* Ungazilahla njani iiNgqungquthela ze-Geneva kunye nemigaqo-siseko yakho yokwazisa ngokutshutshiswa?
* Kutheni le nto nina maMelika nithanda imipu kangaka? Kutheni nibulalana ngoluhlobo?
Kwabaninzi, owona mbuzo uphazamisayo kunye nobalulekileyo kubo bonke: Kutheni uthumela umkhosi wakho kwihlabathi liphela ukuze uvuse inkathazo engakumbi kuthi sonke?
Owona mbuzo wokugqibela uxakekile kuba amazwe abenobuhlobo ne-United States, ukusuka e-Australia ukuya eFinland, azabalaza ngokuqhubeka neembaleki ezivela kwiimfazwe nongenelelo lwaseMelika. Kuyo yonke iNtshona Yurophu naseScandinavia, amaqela anamaphiko ekunene angakhange adlale indima kurhulumente ngoku ukunyuka ngokukhawuleza kumandla okuchasa kwimigaqo-nkqubo emiselweyo yokufuduka esekwe kwakudala. Kuphela kwinyanga ephelileyo, iqela elinjalo phantse ibiwe urhulumente wentando yenkululeko wase-Sweden, ilizwe elinobunewunewu elingene ngaphezulu kwesabelo salo esifanelekileyo sabantu abafuna indawo yokubaleka abaleka amaza othusayo " iqela lokulwa elimiweyo lihlabathi.
Indlela Esiyiyo
Abantu baseYurophu bayayiqonda, njengoko kubonakala ngathi baseMelika abayazi, unxibelelwano olusondeleyo phakathi kwemigaqo-nkqubo yelizwe neyangaphandle. Bahlala belandelela ukungakhathali kweMelika phesheya ukwala kwayo ukubeka eyayo indlu ngolungelelwano. Baye babukela i-United States ivula ukhuseleko lwayo, ukusilela ukubuyisela iziseko zophuhliso ezibolayo, ukungabi namandla kwabasebenzi abaninzi, ukunciphisa izikolo zayo, ukuzisa indlu yowiso-mthetho kuzwelonke, kunye nokudala elona nqanaba likhulu lokungalingani kwezoqoqosho nakwezentlalo phantse ikhulu leminyaka. Bayasiqonda isizathu sokuba abantu baseMelika, abakhe bakhuseleke ukhuseleko lobuqu kwaye bangabikho kwenkqubo yezentlalo-ntle, baba nexhala ngakumbi kwaye boyike. Bayasiqonda nesizathu sokuba uninzi lwabantu baseMelika luphulukene nentembelo kurhulumente ebenze into encinci kangaka kubo kule minyaka ingamashumi amathathu idlulileyo okanye ngaphezulu, ngaphandle kuka-Obama ngokungapheliyo. zixutywe umzamo wokhathalelo lwempilo, obonakala kubantu abaninzi baseYurophu isindululo esizithobileyo.
Into edida uninzi lwazo, nangona kunjalo, yindlela amaMelika aqhelekileyo kumanani othusayo anyanzeliswayo ukuba angamthandi "urhulumente omkhulu" kodwa axhase abameli bakhe abatsha, abathengwayo nabahlawulwa zizityebi. Ungayichaza njani lonto? Kwikomkhulu laseNorway, apho umfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaMongameli Roosevelt ojonga izibuko, uninzi lwababukeli baseMelika bacinga ukuba angangumongameli wokugqibela wase-US owayeqonda kwaye angachazela abemi ukuba urhulumente angenza ntoni kubo bonke. Ukulwa nabantu baseMelika, sele bekulibele konke oko, jolisa kwiintshaba ezingaziwayo kude- okanye kwicala elikude leedolophu zabo.
Kunzima ukwazi ukuba kutheni le ndlela siyiyo, kwaye-ndikholelwe-nokuba nzima ukuyicacisa kwabanye. Ukuphambana kunokuba namandla ngegama, kubanzi kwaye kungacacanga ukuyiphelisa ingxaki. Abanye abantu abandibuza bathi i-US "yiparanoid," "ibuyile umva," "emva kwamaxesha," "ililize," "iyabawa," "iyazingca," okanye "isisimumu." Abanye, ngokuqhutywa luthando, bathetha ukuba abantu baseMelika “abanalwazi kwaphela,” “balahlekisiwe,” “balahlekisiwe,” okanye “balele,” kwaye basenokubuyela ezingqondweni. Kodwa naphina apho ndihamba khona, imibuzo iyalandela, iphakamisa ukuba i-United States, ukuba ayisiyonto iphambeneyo, ithathe isigqibo sokuba iyingozi kuye nakwabanye. Lixesha elidlulileyo lokuvuka, Melika, ujonge ngeenxa zonke. Kukho elinye ilizwe apha, elidala nelinobuhlobo phesheya kolwandle, kwaye ligcwele zizimvo ezilungileyo, ezilinge ziyinyani.
Ann Jones, a TomDispatch njalo, ngulo mbhali IKabul ebusika: Ubomi Ngaphandle koxolo e-Afghanistan, phakathi kwezinye iincwadi, kwaye kutshanje Babengamajoni: Indlela abonzakele ngayo ukubuya kwiiMfazwe zaseMelika-Iindaba ezingaziwayo, iprojekthi yeencwadi zeDispatch.
landela TomDispatch kwi-Twitter uze usihlanganise nathi Facebook. Jonga iNcwadi eNtsha yokuThunyelwa, uRebecca Solnit Amadoda Chaza izinto kum, kunye nencwadi kaTom Engelhardt yamva nje, Urhulumente we-Shadow: Uqwalaselo, iMikhosi eyimfihlo, kunye ne-State Security State kwilizwe eliMandla oLodwa.
Ilungelo lokushicilela 2015 Ann Jones
