NgamaMedea uBhenjamin
Ngamanye amaxesha kuthatha umntu omnye onengqondo yokudala ukugubha yonke inkqubo yomthetho. Kwimeko yeCosta Rica, loo mntu nguLuis Roberto Zamorra Bolaños, owayengumfundi wezomthetho xa ephikisana nokusemthethweni kolawulo lukaGeorge Bush lokuhlasela i-Iraq. Wathatha inkundla yonke indlela eya kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseCosta Rican-kwaye yaphumelela.
Namhlanje ummeli ogqirha, uLamorra kwi-33 ukhangeleka njengomfundi wekholeji. Futhi uyaqhubeka ecinga ngaphandle kwebhokisi kwaye athole iindlela zokudala ukusebenzisa iinkundla ukukhupha umnqweno woxolo kunye namalungelo abantu.
Ngexesha lokutyelela kwam kwiRosta Rica kwangoko, ndandifumana ithuba lokudliwano ndlebe nalo mmeli we-maverick malunga nokuphumelela kwakhe kwangaphambili, kunye nengcamango yakhe entsha yokufuna imbuyekezo ye-Iraqis.
Makhe siqalise ukukhumbula ixesha eliphambili kwimbali yeCosta Rica's pacifist.
Yiyo yi-1948, xa uMongameli weCosta Rican uJoseph Figueras wathi umkhosi wesizwe uya kupheliswa, ukunyuka okuye kwavunyeliswa kunyaka olandelayo yiNdibano yesiCwangciso. UFiwueras wada wathatha i-sledgehammer waza waphonsa enye yeendonga zekomkhulu lempi, evakalisa ukuba iya kuba yinkqubo yemyuziyam yesizwe kwaye ukuba uhlahlo lwabiwo-mali luya kubhekiselwa ekunakekeleni impilo kunye nemfundo. Ukususela ngoko, iCosta Rica iye yaziwa ngokuba yintlalontle kunye nokungathathi hlangothi kwamanye amazwe.
Khawulezisa phambili phambili kwaye ngoku ukwisikolo somthetho, ngo-2003, kwaye urhulumente wakho wajoyina iGeorge Bush's “Coalition of the Willing” -iqela lamazwe angama-49 athe anika isitampu sokuvuma ukuhlaselwa kwe-Iraq. KwiDaily Show, uJon Stewart waqhula ngelithi iCosta Rica inegalelo “kwiziqhushumbisi zebhombu.” Ngokwenyani, iCosta Rica ayizange ifake nto; yongeza nje igama layo. Kodwa ngaba oko kwakwanele ukukucaphukisa kangangokuba uthathe isigqibo sokusa urhulumente wakho enkundleni?
Ewe. UBush watshela ihlabathi ukuba le nto iya kuba yimfazwe yoxolo, idemokhrasi namalungelo abantu. Kodwa akazange akwazi ukufumana igunya le-UN, ngoko ke kwakudingeka enze umbutho ukuze kubonakale ngathi ukuhlasela kwakunenkxaso yehlabathi. Yingakho aqhube amazwe amaninzi ukuba ajoyine. I-Costa Rica-ngokuchanekileyo ngenxa yokuba yaphelisa umkhosi wayo kwaye inembali yoxolo-yayiyimfuneko ebalulekileyo ukuba ibe necala lokubonisa igunya lokuziphatha. ICosta Rica iphulaphule xa ithetha kwi-UN. Ngaloo ndlela, iKosta Rica yayingumlingani obalulekileyo.
Xa uMongameli Pacheco wabhengeza ukuba iCosta Rica ijoyine lo manyano, uninzi lwabantu baseCosta Ricans bachasene. Ndacaphuka kakhulu malunga nokuzibandakanya kwethu, kodwa yayindicaphukisile nento yokuba abahlobo bam bengacingi ukuba singenza nantoni na malunga noku. Xa ndaphakamisa ukumangalela umongameli, bacinga ukuba ndiyaphambana.
Kodwa ndaqhubeka phambili, kwaye emva kokuba ndifake isigwebo, i-Costa Rica Bar Association yafaka ifowuni; I-Ombudsman ifake i-suit-kwaye yayihlanganiswe kunye nam.
Xa isigqibo siphumelele ngoSeptemba 2004, unyaka kunye nesiqingatha emva kokuba ndifake, kwakukho ukukhululeka phakathi koluntu. UMongameli uPacheco wayexinezelekile kuba ungumfana omhle othanda isiko lethu kwaye mhlawumbi wayecinga ukuba, "Kutheni ndiyenzile oku?" Wada wacinga ukuyeka ukuyeka, kodwa akazange ayenze ngenxa yokuba abantu abaninzi bambuza ukuba angayi.
Yisiphi isiseko inkundla eyayilawulayo?
Enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo malunga nalesi sigqibo kukuba yayiqaphela uphawu olubophayo lwe-Charter ye-UN. INkundla inqume ukuba ekubeni iKosta Rica ilungu leZizwe eziManyeneyo, siphantsi koxanduva lokulandela inkqubo yayo kwaye ekubeni i-UN ayigunyazisile ukuhlasela, iCosta Rica ayinalo ilungelo lokuyixhasa. Andikwazi ukucinga ngenye imeko apho iNkundla ePhakamileyo ichithe isigqibo sikaburhulumente kuba iphula umthetho we-UN.
Isigwebo sasibaluleke gqitha kuba inkundla yathi inkolelo yokuhlasela yayiphikisana nomgaqo-siseko "we-Costa Rica identity", olulo uxolo. Oku kusenza sibe lizwe lokuqala kwihlabathi ukuqonda ilungelo lokuthula, into eyenziwe ngokucacileyo nakwezinye iimeko endiziphumeleleyo kwi-2008.
Ngaba ungasitshela malunga naloo meko?
Ngo-2008 ndacela umngeni kummiselo kaMongameli u-Oscar Arias owawugunyazisa ukukhutshwa kwe thorium kunye ne-uranium, uphuhliso lwamafutha enyukliya kunye nokwenziwa kwezixhobo zenyukliya "ngazo zonke iinjongo." Kwimeko apho ndaphinda ndanyhasha ilungelo loxolo. Inkundla yawutshitshisa umthetho kamongameli, evuma ngokucacileyo ubukho belungelo loxolo. Oku kuthetha ukuba uRhulumente akufuneki akhuthaze kuphela uxolo, kodwa kufuneka ayeke ukugunyazisa imisebenzi enxulumene nemfazwe, njengokuvelisa, ukuthumela ngaphandle okanye ukungenisa izinto ekujongwe ukuba zisetyenziswe emfazweni.
Ngoko oko kwakuthetha ukuba iinkampani ezinjengoRaytheon, ezathengi umhlaba apha kwaye zenzelwe ukumisa ivenkile, ngoku ayisebenzi.
Ziziphi ezinye zezinye izigwegwe ozifakile?
Oo, abaninzi babo. Ndafaka ityala kuMongameli u-Oscar Arias (i-Nobel Peace prize winner) ekugunyazeni amapolisa ukuba asebenzise izixhobo zempi ngokuchasene nababonisi. Le meko yahamba nayo yonke indlela eya kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo kwaye yaphumelela.
Ndamangalela urhulumente ngokusayina isivumelwano seCentral America Trade Trade, i-CAFTA, equka izixhobo ezingavumelekanga eCosta Rica. Ndamangalela urhulumente kabini ngokuvumela umkhosi wase-US, phantsi kwesizathu sokulwa iziyobisi, ukuba badlale imidlalo yomkhosi kumhlaba wethu olawulayo ngokungathi yayingumdlalo wechess. Urhulumente wethu usinika iimvume zeenyanga ezi-6 ukuya kuthi ga kwiinqanawa zomkhosi ezingama-46 zokungena kwizibuko lethu, elinamajoni angaphezu kwe-12,000 kwaye axhotyiswe ngee-helikopta zeBlackhawk eziyi-180, iinqwelo-moya eziyi-10 zeHarrier II, oombayimbayi kunye neerokethi. Yonke into kuluhlu oluvunyiweyo lweenqanawa, iinqwelomoya, iihelikopta kunye nemikhosi yenzelwe kwaye ijolise ukuba isetyenziswe emfazweni-ukwaphula ngokucacileyo iLungelo lethu loXolo. Kodwa inkundla ayilivanga elityala.
Ingxaki enkulu kum kukuba ngoku iNkundla ePhakamileyo ayithathi iimeko zam zam. Ndifake amacala e-10 neNkundla ePhakamileyo eyanqatshelwe; Ndifake izicathulo zokulwa nokuqeqeshwa kwamapolisa eCosta Rican kwiSikole sezempi saseMelika saseMerika. Eli tyala lilinde iminyaka engaphezulu kwe-2. Xa iNkundla ibona kunzima ukulahla elinye lam matyala, lilibaziseka kwaye lilibale. Ngoko ke kufuneka ndifake iifayili enkundleni enokulibaziseka, kwaye ke bayayichasa iimeko zombini.
Ndiyaqonda ukuba andinakusebenzisa igama lam ukuba ndifake kwakhona, okanye nokuba ndiyifake indlela yokubhala kuba bayazi ukubhala kwam.
Kwimbutho yamazwe ngamazwe eBrussels ngo-Apreli emakisha i-11th Isikhumbuzo sokubanjelwa kwe-Iraq e-United States, wenyuka enye ingcamango. Unokusixelela ngoku?
Ndise-dolophu enye inkundla yabameli bamazwe ngamazwe, kodwa abaququzeleli beKhomishana yase-Iraq bafumanisa kwaye bandicela ukuba ndithethe. Kwakukho intlanganiso yokucamngca emva koko abantu babememeza ukuba i-US ayilandeli umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe, ukuba ayiyiyo inkundla kwiNkundla yeziLawuli zeSizwe, ukuba ayiyi kuva iimeko ezinxulumene nokubuyiselwa kwe-Iraqis.
Ndathi, "Ukuba ndiyakwazi, i-Coalition of Willing eyayingene eIraq yayingeyona nje iMelika. Kwakukho amazwe e-48. Ukuba i-US ayiyi kuhlawula iArajis, kutheni singamangaleli amanye amalungu ebumbano? "
Ukuba uyakwazi ukunqoba ityala egameni lexhoba lase-Iraq kwiinkantolo zaseCosta Rican, yiyiphi inqanaba lembuyekezo ocinga ukuba uyayinqoba? Kwaye ke bekungekho elinye icala kunye nelinye icala?
Ndingazicingela ukuphumelela mhlawumbi amawaka angamawaka eedola. Mhlawumbi ukuba sinokuyiphumelela ityala elilodwa eCosta Rica, sinokuqala izigwebo kwamanye amazwe. Ngokuqinisekileyo andifuni ukuphazamisa iCosta Rica ngetyala emva kwimeko. Kodwa kufuneka sijonge indlela yokufuna ubulungisa base-Iraq, kunye nendlela yokuthintela lohlobo lwentsebenziswano ekuvuseleleni. Kuyafaneleka ukuzama.
Ngaba ucinga ukuba kukho into esinokuyenza enkundleni ukujongana nokubulala i-drone?
Ngokuqinisekileyo. Ndicinga ukuba abantu bacinezela inkinobho yokubulala kufuneka bathathwe ngokunyanisekileyo ngenxa yezenzo zolwaphulo - mthetho ngenxa yokuba i-drone yandisa umzimba wabo, isetyenziselwa ukwenza izenzo abazikwazi ukwenza ngokwabo.
Kukho kwakhona ukuba ukuba umntu ongenatyala ubulawa okanye ahlaselwe yi-drone yase-US e-Afghanistan, intsapho inelungelo lokuhlawula kwimikhosi yaseMelika. Kodwa loo ntsapho inye ePakistan ayiyi kuhlawulwa ngenxa yokuba ukubulawa kwenziwa ngeCIA. Ngaba unokubona inselele yomthetho apho?
Amaxhoba enkqubo efanayo engekho mthethweni kufuneka afumane unyango olufanayo; Ndiya kucinga ukuba bekuya kuba neendlela zokubamba urhulumente, kodwa andazi okwaneleyo malunga nomthetho wase-US.
Ngaba uye waba neziphumo zomntu ngokuthatha imiba enzulu?
Ndiba nabahlobo kwifowuni yefowuni ondixelele ukuba ndibethelwa. Kodwa andinandaba. Yintoni abanokuyenza xa ndithetha kwifowuni malunga nokufakela i-suit?
Ewe, kufuneka uthathe ingozi, kodwa awukwazi ukwesaba imiphumo. Into eyona nto eyona nto enokwenzeka ngayo kukuba uyadutshulwa. (Uhleka.)
Kutheni abangabammeli abangaphezu kwehlabathi bebancoma uorhulumente babo kwiindlela zokudala ozenzayo?
Ukungabikho kwengcinga mhlawumbi? Andazi.
Ndiyamangaliswa kukuba amaninzi amanqweno amagosa amaninzi athile angaboni ngokucacileyo. Ndikhuthaza abafundi ukuba baqulunqe, basebenzise umthetho wamazwe ngamazwe. Kubuhlungu kukuba akukho nto ndiyenzile yinto engavamile. Ezi zinto azizona zimbono. Ziyinto ehlukileyo nje, kwaye esikhundleni sokuthetha nje ngabo, ndibahambisa phambili.
Ndiyakhuthaza abafundi ukuba bafunde umsebenzi wesibini ukuze baqale ukucinga ngendlela eyahlukileyo. Ndafunda ubunjineli bekhompyutheni njengowona wesibini omkhulu; landifundise ukuba ndiyilwe kwaye ngilungele ukucinga kwam.
Ndingazicingela ukuba ukuba unokwesibini esikhulu, bekuya kuba yinto enjengezesayensi yezopolitiko okanye kwizentlalo.
Hayi Njengomprogrisi wekhompyuter kuya kufuneka ujolise ngokupheleleyo-kulwakhiwo, uku-odolwa kunye nobunzulu. Iluncedo kakhulu kwilizwe elisemthethweni. Kwizikolo zomthetho abafundi bayakuthiya ukuphikisana nam. Bazakuzama ukushenxisa ingxoxo endleleni, ukuya kumcimbi osecaleni, kwaye bendiya kuhlala ndibabuyisa kanye kumxholo ophambili. Oko kuvela kuqeqesho lwam njengonjineli wekhompyuter.
Ndicinga ukuba esinye isiphumo somsebenzi wakho woxolo kukuba awuyenzi imali eninzi.
Khangela kum [uhleka]. Ndiyiminyaka eyi-33 kwaye ndihlala nabazali bam. Yiyo indlela ecebile ngayo emva kweminyaka eyi-9 yokusebenza. Ndiphila ngokulula. Izinto kuphela endizenzayo imoto kunye nezinja ezintathu.
Ndikhetha ukusebenza ndindedwa- akukho firm, akukho partners, no strings. Ndiligqwetha letyala kwaye ndenza imali ngabathengi ngabanye, kubandakanya nemibutho yabasebenzi. Ndenza malunga ne- $ 30,000 ngonyaka. Ndiyisebenzisa ukuhlala kuyo, ukuzama iimeko pro bono kwiKhomishini yaseMelika kunye nokuhlawulela uhambo lwamazwe aphesheya, njengokuya kwiiforamu zoxolo, iiforamu zehlabathi, iinkomfa zokungabikho mkhosi okanye uhambo endilwenzileyo eGaza. Ngamanye amaxesha ndifumana uncedo kuMbutho waMazwe ngaMazwe wamaGqwetha eDemokhrasi.
Ndiyayithanda umsebenzi wam ngenxa yokuba ndenza oko ndifuna ukwenza; Ndiza kuthatha amacala endiyithandayo. Ndikulwela ilizwe lam kunye nenkululeko yam. Andicingi ngalo msebenzi njengombingelelo kodwa njengomsebenzi. Ukuba sifuna uxolo lube yilungelo eliyisiseko, ngoko kufuneka sikwazi ukuyibeka-kwaye siyikhusele.
UMedea uBenjamin ungumcebisi weqela loxolo www.codepink.org kunye neqela lamalungelo oluntu www.globalexchange.org. WayeseCosta Rica kunye noKolonel Ann Wright osemhlala phantsi ekumemeni iSixeko soxolo soMhlobo ukuba athethe ngeencwadi zakhe I-Drone Warfare: Ukubulala ngokuLawula kude.
