NguMedea Benjamin noNicolas JS Davies, World BEYOND War, Novemba 8, 2021
COP Amashumi amabini anesithandathu! Leyo yindlela amatyeli amaninzi ngayo iZizwe Ezimanyeneyo ziye zahlanganisa iinkokeli zehlabathi ukuzama ukulwa nengxaki yemozulu. Kodwa iUnited States iyavelisa ioyile eninzi kwaye irhasi yendalo kunangaphambili; ubungakanani beegesi zegreenhouse (GHG) kwiatmosfera kunye namaqondo obushushu ehlabathi zizo zombini isaphakama; kwaye sele sijongene nemozulu embi kunye nesiphithiphithi semozulu ezisilumkise ngaso izazinzulu iminyaka engamashumi amane, kwaye iya kuba mbi ngakumbi kwaye ibe mbi ngakumbi ngaphandle kwesenzo esibi semozulu.
Kwaye okwangoku, iplanethi ukuzokuthi ga ngoku ifudumeze i-1.2° ngokukaCelsius (2.2° F) ukusukela kumaxesha angaphambi koshishino. Sele sinabo ubuchwepheshe esibudingayo ukuguqula iinkqubo zethu zamandla zibe kumandla acocekileyo, ahlaziyekayo, kwaye ukwenza oko kuya kudala izigidi zemisebenzi elungileyo kubantu kwihlabathi liphela. Ngoko ke, ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo, amanyathelo ekufuneka siwathabathe acacile, ayafikeleleka kwaye angxamisekile.
Owona mqobo mkhulu kwizenzo esijongene nazo kukungasebenzi kwethu, neoliberal inkqubo yezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho kunye nolawulo lwayo ngomdla we-plutocratic kunye noshishino, abazimisele ukugcina ingeniso kumafutha e-fossil nakwixabiso lokutshabalalisa imozulu yoMhlaba enokuhlalwa ngokukodwa. Ubunzima bemozulu bubhentsisile ukungakwazi kwale nkqubo ukusebenza ngokweemfuno zokwenene zoluntu, naxa ikamva lethu lijinga emngciphekweni.
Ngoko ke ithini impendulo? Ngaba iCOP26 eGlasgow inokwahluka? Yintoni enokwenza umahluko phakathi kwe-PR yezopolitiko ebukhali ngakumbi kunye nenyathelo eliqinisekileyo? Ukubala ngokufanayo bezopolitiki kunye nomdla we-fossil fuel (ewe, zikhona, nazo) ukwenza into eyahlukileyo ngeli xesha kubonakala ngathi ukuzibulala, kodwa yintoni enye indlela?
Ukusukela oko ubunkokheli buka-Obama bePied Piper eCopenhagen naseParis buvelise inkqubo apho ilizwe ngalinye lizibekela ezalo iithagethi kwaye ligqibe ngendlela yokuhlangabezana nalo, amazwe amaninzi enze inkqubela encinci ngokubhekiselele kwiithagethi azibeke eParis ngo-2015.
Ngoku beze eGlasgow benezibhambathiso ezimiselwe kwangaphambili nezingonelanga eziya kuthi, nokuba zizalisekile, ziya kukhokelela kwihlabathi elishushu kakhulu ngo-2100. kulandelelana Iingxelo ze-UN kunye nemibutho yoluntu ekukhokelela kwi-COP26 ziye zavakalisa i-alamu ngento ethi uNobhala-Jikelele we-UN u-Antonio Guterres ubize "umnxeba wokuvusa" kunye "ikhowudi ebomvu kuluntu.” Kwintetho yokuvula kaGuterres kwi-COP26 nge-1 kaNovemba, wathi "sizimbela amangcwaba" ngokusilela ukusombulula le ngxaki.
Nangona kunjalo oorhulumente basagxile kwiinjongo zexesha elide ezifana nokufikelela kwi- "Net Zero" ngo-2050, 2060 okanye ngo-2070, ukuza kuthi ga ngoku kwixesha elizayo ukuze baqhubeke nokuhlehlisa amanyathelo afunekayo ukunciphisa ukufudumala ukuya kwi-1.5 ° Celsius. Nokuba bebeyekile ukumpompa iigesi ze-greenhouse emoyeni, isixa see-GHGs kwiatmosfera ngo-2050 siya kuhlala sifudumeza iplanethi izizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Okukhona silayisha ngakumbi i-atmosfera ngee-GHGs, kokukhona isiphumo sazo siya kuhlala ixesha elide kwaye ubushushu bomhlaba buqhubeke bukhula.
IUnited States iye yamisela a ixesha elifutshane Ithagethi yokunciphisa izinto ezikhutshwayo ngama-50% ukusuka kwinqanaba eliphezulu lika-2005 ngo-2030. Kodwa imigaqo-nkqubo yayo yangoku ingakhokelela kuphela kunciphiso nge-17% ukuya kuma-25%.
INkqubo yokuSebenza kwaMandla acocekileyo (CEPP), eyayiyinxalenye ye-Build Back Better Act, ingenza i-gap eninzi ngokuhlawula izibonelelo zombane ukwandisa ukuthembela kwizinto ezihlaziyiweyo nge-4% ngonyaka kunye nezohlwayo ezisetyenziswayo ezingenayo. Kodwa ngobusuku beCOP 26, uBiden yawisa iCEPP ukusuka kumthetho oyilwayo phantsi koxinzelelo lweSenators Manchin kunye neSinema kunye ne-fossil fuel puppet-masters zabo.
Ngeli xesha, umkhosi wase-US, oyena mthombo mkhulu we-GHGs eMhlabeni, wawukhululwe kuyo nayiphi na imiqobo phantsi kweSivumelwano saseParis. Abalweli boxolo eGlasgow bafuna ukuba i-COP26 ilungise le nto inkulu Umngxunya omnyama kumgaqo-nkqubo wemozulu yehlabathi ngokubandakanya ukukhutshwa kwe-GHG kumatshini wemfazwe wase-US, kunye nezo zeminye imikhosi, kwiingxelo ezikhutshwayo zelizwe kunye nokunciphisa.
Kwangaxeshanye, yonke ipeni oorhulumente kwihlabathi liphela abayichithileyo ukujongana nengxaki yemozulu ilingana neqhezu elincinci le-United States kuphela eyichithile kumatshini wayo otshabalalisa ilizwe ngaxeshanye.
I-China ngoku ngokusemthethweni ikhupha i-CO2 eninzi kune-United States. Kodwa inxalenye enkulu yokukhutshwa kweTshayina iqhutywa kukusetyenziswa komhlaba wonke kweemveliso zaseTshayina, kwaye umthengi wayo omkhulu eunited States. An Isifundo seMIT ngowama-2014 kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuthunyelwa kwempahla kumazwe angaphandle kubalelwa kuma-22% okukhutshwa kwekhabhoni yaseChina. Ngokwesiseko sokusetyenziswa komntu ngamnye, abantu baseMelika basaphendula amaxa amathathu i-GHG ekhutshwa ngabamelwane bethu baseTshayina kwaye iphinda kabini imveliso ekhutshwa ngabantu baseYurophu.
Namazwe atyebileyo anawo isilele kancinci ngokuzibophelela abakwenzileyo e-Copenhagen ngo-2009 ekuncedeni amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo ukuba ajongane nokutshintsha kwemozulu ngokubonelela ngoncedo lwemali oluya kukhula luye kwi-100 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka ngo-2020. isixa esasithenjisiwe siye saphelisa ukuthembana phakathi kwamazwe afumileyo nahlwempuzekileyo. Ikomiti ekhokelwa yiKhanada kunye neJamani kwi-COP79 inikwe uxanduva lokusombulula ukusilela kunye nokubuyisela intembeko.
Xa iinkokeli zobupolitika zehlabathi zisilela kanobom kangangokuba zitshabalalisa indalo nemekobume ehlala iphila egcina impucuko yabantu, kungxamisekile ukuba abantu kuyo yonke indawo babe nenkuthalo engakumbi, yelizwi neyobuchule bokuyila.
Impendulo yoluntu efanelekileyo koorhulumente abalungele ukutshabalalisa ubomi bezigidi zabantu, nokuba yimfazwe okanye ngokuzibulala kwabantu abaninzi bendalo, yimvukelo kunye noguquko - kwaye iindlela ezingezona ubundlobongela zenguquko ziye zabonakala zisebenza ngakumbi kwaye zinenzuzo kunobundlobongela.
Abantu banjalo ephakama ngokuchasene nale nkqubo yonakeleyo yeniyoliberal yezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho kumazwe kwihlabathi liphela, njengoko iimpembelelo zayo ezibi zichaphazela ubomi babo ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Kodwa ingxaki yemozulu yingozi yehlabathi lonke kubo bonke abantu efuna impendulo yehlabathi jikelele.
Elinye iqela elikhuthazayo loluntu kwizitrato zaseGlasgow ngexesha leCOP 26 Ukupheliswa Ukupheliswa, ethi, “Sityhola iinkokeli zehlabathi ngokusilela, kwaye sinombono oqinisekileyo wethemba, sifuna into engenakwenzeka…Siza kucula, sidanise kwaye sivale iingalo ngokuchasene nokuphelelwa lithemba kwaye sikhumbuze ihlabathi ukuba kuninzi ekufuneka kuvukelwe.”
I-Extinction Rebellion kunye namanye amaqela emozulu kwi-COP26 abiza i-Net Zero ngo-2025, kungekhona i-2050, njengendlela yodwa yokuhlangabezana nenjongo ye-1.5 ° evunyelwene ngayo eParis.
Uxolo oluluhlaza ihlaba ikhwelo lokuba kumiswe ngoko nangoko kwihlabathi jikelele iiprojekthi zamafutha efosili kunye nokupheliswa ngokukhawuleza kwemizi-mveliso yokutshisa amalahle. Nditsho norhulumente omtsha womanyano eJamani, oquka iQela eliHlaza kwaye uneenjongo ezinqwenelekayo kunamanye amazwe amakhulu atyebileyo, uye wanyusa ixesha lokugqibela lokuphela kwamalahle eJamani ukusuka ku-2038 ukuya ku-2030.
Uthungelwano lokusiNgqongileyo lweMveli lu ukuzisa abantu bomthonyama ukusuka kuMzantsi weHlabathi ukuya eGlasgow ukuze babalise amabali abo kwinkomfa. Bamemelela amazwe aseMantla aphuhlileyo ukuba abhengeze imeko kaxakeka yemozulu, ukugcina amafutha efosili emhlabeni kwaye aphelise uncediso-mali lwamafutha efosili kwihlabathi liphela.
Friends of the Earth (FOE) ipapashe a ingxelo entsha zibizwa Izisombululo eziSekwe kwiNdalo: Ingcuka kwiMpatho yeegusha njengogqaliselo lomsebenzi wayo kwi-COP26. Ibonisa indlela entsha yokuhlanjululwa kwezityalo okubandakanya amasimi emithi akwizinga lemizi-mveliso kumazwe ahlwempuzekileyo, leyo imibutho eceba ukuyibanga “njengeentlawulo” ukuze kuqhutyekwe nokuveliswa kwamafutha efosili.
Urhulumente wase-UK osindleke inkomfa eGlasgow uye wavuma ezi zicwangciso njengenxalenye yenkqubo kwi-COP26. I-FOE iqaqambisa isiphumo soku kuhluthwa komhlaba kukhulu kuluntu lwasekhaya kunye nemveli kwaye ibabiza ngokuba "yinkohliso eyingozi kunye nokuphazamiseka kwizisombululo zokwenyani zengxaki yemozulu." Ukuba oku kuthetha ukuba oorhulumente bathetha "nge-Net Zero," ibiya kuba linyathelo elinye kwimali yoMhlaba kunye nazo zonke izixhobo zayo, kungekhona isisombululo sokwenyani.
Kuba kunzima ukuba abaphembeleli abavela kwihlabathi liphela bafike eGlasgow kwi-COP26 ngexesha lobhubhani, amaqela amatshantliziyo ngaxeshanye aququzelela kwihlabathi liphela ukubeka uxinzelelo koorhulumente kumazwe abo. Amakhulu abantu abalwela imozulu kunye nabantu bomthonyama ubanjiwe kuqhanqalazo kwi-White House eWashington, kunye namatsha-ntliziyo aselula amahlanu eSunrise Movement aqala a isiteleka selambile apho ngo-Oktobha 19.
Amaqela emozulu e-US nawo axhasa umthetho oyilwayo othi "Green New Deal", H.Res. 332, ukuba uMmeli u-Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez uye wazisa kwiCongress, ebiza ngokukodwa imigaqo-nkqubo yokugcina ukufudumala kwehlabathi ngaphantsi kwe-1.5 ° Celsius, kwaye okwangoku inabaxhasi be-103. Umthetho osayilwayo ubeka iithagethi zamabhongo zika-2030, kodwa ubiza kuphela i-Net Zero ngo-2050.
Amaqela okusingqongileyo kunye nemozulu adibana eGlasgow ayavuma ukuba sifuna inkqubo yokwenyani yehlabathi yokuguqulwa kwamandla ngoku, njengomcimbi osebenzayo, hayi njengenjongo enqwenelekayo yenkqubo yezopolitiko engasebenziyo, engenathemba.
Kwi-COP25 eMadrid ngo-2019, i-Extinction Rebellion yalahla imfumba yomgquba wamahashe ngaphandle kweholo yenkomfa ngomyalezo othi, “Ihashe-shit ima apha.” Kambe oko akuzange kuyithintele, kodwa yabethelela ingongoma yokuba intetho elilize imele igqunywe ngokukhawuleza zizenzo zokwenene. UGreta Thunberg ubethelele isikhonkwane entloko, egxeka iinkokeli zehlabathi ngokugquma iintsilelo zazo ngokuthi “blah, blah, blah,” endaweni yokuthatha inyathelo lokwenyani.
NjengoGqibelo lweSikolo sikaGreta seMozulu, intshukumo yemozulu kwizitrato zaseGlasgow waziswa ngokuqaphela ukuba inzululwazi icacile kwaye izisombululo kwintlekele yemozulu zifumaneka ngokulula. Yintando yezopolitiko kuphela engekhoyo. Oku kufuneka kubonelelwe ngabantu abaqhelekileyo, abavela kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi, ngokuyila, isenzo esimangalisayo kunye nokuhlanganisa abantu abaninzi, ukufuna inguqu kwezopolitiko nezoqoqosho esizifuna ngamandla.
UNobhala Jikelele we-UN uGuterres wakwenza kwacaca ukuba "ubushushu besitrato" buya kuba ngundoqo ekusindiseni uluntu. "Umkhosi wezenzo zemozulu - okhokelwa ngabantu abancinci - awunakunqandwa," uxelele iinkokeli zehlabathi eGlasgow. “Zinkulu. Ziyakhwaza. Kwaye, ndiyakuqinisekisa, abayi kumka.
UMedea uBenjamin ungumcebisi CODEPINK yoxolo, kunye nombhali weencwadi ezininzi, kubandakanya Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Imbali Yembali kunye nezopolitiko zeRiphabhliki yase-Iran.
UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimeleyo, umphandi nge-CODEPINK kunye nombhali we Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukumenywa kweMelika kunye nokubhujiswa kweIraq.
