"Isibambiso seMozulu": Indlela inkcitho yasemkhosini iBasa ngayo ukonakala kwendalo

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Yi le Intando yeninzi Ngoku!, democracynow.org, Ingxelo Yemfazwe Nezoxolo. Sisasaza kwingqungquthela yemozulu ye-UN e-Sharm el-Sheikh, eYiputa.

Sijika ngoku sijonge ikhonkco phakathi kwenkcitho yasemkhosini kunye nengxaki yemozulu. Entsha umbiko liZiko leTransnational livavanya indlela inkcitho yasemkhosini kunye nokuthengiswa kwezixhobo akunyusi nje kuphela ukukhutshwa kwerhasi yegreenhouse, kodwa kuphinde kuphambukise ubutyebi bemali kunye nengqalelo kude nokujongana nemeko kaxakeka yemozulu.

Ngomzuzwana, siza kudityaniswa ngababhali ababini bengxelo, kodwa okokuqala le yividiyo emfutshane eveliswe yiTransnational Institute.

Muhammad KWI-KASHEF: Igama lam ndinguMuhammad. Ndiligqwetha lamalungelo oluntu, umphandi kunye netshantliziyo lemfuduko. Ndizalelwe kwaye ndakhulela eJiphutha, de ndalishiya ilizwe ngo-2017 ngenxa yomngcipheko kunye nezoyikiso endijongene nazo ngenxa yobutshantliziyo nomsebenzi wam. Ukuphuma kwam eJiputa, ndafuduswa, ndafana nomthi owuthabathileyo emhlabeni.

I-Egypt ikwindawo yehlabathi namhlanje ngokubamba ezona ntetho zibalulekileyo zemozulu kwihlabathi. Kodwa inyani yokuba umphathi wayo nguzwilakhe wasemkhosini u-Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, ithetha lukhulu ngezona zizwe zinamandla emhlabeni. Ulawulo lukaSisi luyasinda ngenxa yokuhamba okukhulu kwe-oyile, iingalo kunye nemali ye-EU.

Awona mazwe atyebileyo nangcolisekileyo namhlanje achitha imali ephindwe ngama-30 emkhosini njengoko esenza kwimali yemozulu kwabo bantu bachaphazeleke kakhulu yimozulu. Kunokuba abonelele ngoncedo, la mazwe atyebileyo afanayo anomdla wokubonelela ngezixhobo nezixhobo kumazwe afana neYiputa. Kwaye yonke idola yenkcitho yasemkhosini ikwayenza mandundu imeko yemozulu.

Isizwe esinomkhosi njenge-Egypt kunye nogqatso lweengalo olukhawulezayo kwihlabathi liphela luchasene nobulungisa bemozulu. Asinakuvumela amava am kunye namava amanye amaJiphutha amaninzi ukuba abe ngumzekelo wendlela esisabela ngayo kwingxaki yemozulu ekhulayo. Ubulungisa bemozulu bufuna idemokhrasi, amalungelo oluntu, isidima kunye nokuthotywa komkhosi. Ifuna ihlabathi elibeka abantu ngaphambi kwengeniso noxolo ngaphambi kwemfazwe.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Leyo yividiyo eveliswe yiTransnational Institute, esanda kupapasha entsha umbiko, "Izibambiso zeMozulu: Indlela inkcitho yasemkhosini ikhawulezisa ngayo ukuwohloka kwemozulu."

Sidityaniswe ziindwendwe ezimbini ngoku. U-Nick Buxton ngumphandi kwi-Transnational Institute, ohlangene nathi e-Wales, kwaye u-Muhammad al-Kashef ligqwetha kunye ne-activist yemfuduko ehlala eJamani.

Nick, masiqale ngawe. Kutheni ungabeki iziphumo zengxelo yakho, ejonga kwinkcitho yasemkhosini, ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezivela kumazwe atyebileyo emhlabeni, kunye neempembelelo ezinzulu enazo kumandla wamazwe okujongana nentlekele yemozulu ilizwe elijongene nayo. ngoku?

I-NICK BUXTON: Ewe. Enkosi, Amy. Enkosi ngesimemo sokuba sibekho kumboniso wakho.

Le ngxelo, njengoko usazi, iza emva kweengxoxo ezinkulu koku COP, esisandula ukuva ngayo kweli candelo langaphambili, malunga nesidingo sokuba amazwe ahlwempuzekileyo, achaphazeleka kakhulu kukutshintsha kwemozulu, athi sifuna imali ukuze silungelelanise ukuguquka kwemozulu kunye nokujongana nelahleko kunye nomonakalo. Kwaye siva uJohn Kerry - ubusandula ukucaphula ikliphu yangaphambili - isithi, "Ndibize ngesizwe esineebhiliyoni zeedola ukujongana nale nto," ngaphandle - ngokusisiseko esithi uhlamba izandla kwimeko kwaye wala ukwamkela uxanduva.

Ukanti, le ngxelo ibonisa ukuba kukho iitriliyoni zeedola. Amazwe atyebileyo, abizwa ngokuba ngamazwe ase-Annex II phantsi kweengxoxo zemozulu ze-UN, azinikezele i-$ 9.45 yezigidigidi kwinkcitho yempi kwiminyaka eyisibhozo edlulileyo, phakathi kwe-2013 kunye ne-2021. Kwaye abakazifezekisi izithembiso zabo zokunikezela nge-30 leebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka ababethenjiswe kudala phaya ngo-100 ngoku. Ke, into esiyibonayo, okokuqala, kule ngxelo kukuba kukho izibonelelo, kodwa inikezelwe kwinkcitho yasemkhosini.

Isiphumo sesibini esiphambili kukuba, le nkcitho yasemkhosini, ibotshelelwe kakhulu kwimeko ekhupha kakhulu, ukuba sidala iigesi zegreenhouse ngayo yonke idola esiyichitha emkhosini. Kwaye kungenxa yokuba umkhosi uxhomekeke, kunye neejethi zayo, iitanki zayo, iinqanawa zayo, kumanqanaba aphezulu okusetyenziswa kwamafutha efosili. Ngoko, umzekelo, i-jet ye-F-35, eyona nqwelo-moya yokulwa i-US ngoku isasaza, isebenzisa iilitha ezingama-5,600 zeelitha ngeyure ekuhanjisweni kwayo. Kwaye ezi zixhobo, ezithengiweyo, ngoko zihlala zisebenza iminyaka engama-30, ngoko ke ivalela kwikhabhoni ixesha elide elizayo. Ke, sidala imeko apho ngokwenene umkhosi unegalelo elinzulu kule ngxaki.

Kwaye ke into yesithathu ephambili efunyenweyo kwingxelo yayijonge ukuba amazwe atyebileyo, amazwe aseSihlomelo II, enza ntoni malunga nokuthengiswa kwezixhobo. Ngokwenene sifumene - safumanisa ukuba amazwe atyebileyo abonelela ngezixhobo kuwo onke amazwe angama-40 awona mazwe asengozini yemozulu. Ke, into esiyibonayo kukuba asiboneleli ngezimali esizifunela awona mazwe ahlwempuzekileyo, kodwa sibonelela ngezixhobo. Kwimeko yokungazinzi kwemozulu kunye ngokubhekiselele kwintlupheko yokwenyani kunye nabantu abajongene ngokwenene kwimigangatho yokutshintsha kwemozulu, ngokwenene songeza amafutha emlilweni ngokubonelela ngeengalo ezinokukhokelela kwingxabano. Kwaye oku, njengoko kwabelwana ngevidiyo, kuchasene ngokupheleleyo nobulungisa bemozulu.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ngaba unokuthetha malunga nemikhosi exhobileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha, uNick?

I-NICK BUXTON: Ewe. Kukho ingxelo esanda kuphuma kwiintsuku nje ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, ebiqikelela ukuba lingakanani igalelo lomkhosi ekukhutshweni kwezinto ezikhutshwayo. Kwaye ibala ukuba umkhosi wehlabathi unegalelo le-5.5% yokukhutshwa kwegesi yobushushu. Ukuba bekuthathwa njengelizwe, ngenene bekuza kufika isine, ke kusemva nje kweRussia malunga nobungakanani bezinto ezikhutshwayo abazivelisayo. Ke, ligalelo elikhulu kakhulu kule ngxaki. IPentagon e-US lelona ziko likhulu lokukhupha ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni. Kwaye i-5.5%, umzekelo, iphinda kabini into eveliswa yi-civil aviation.

Kwaye into eyothusa ngokwenene kukuba ngaphakathi kwenkqubo ye-UN, ayibalwa ngokufanelekileyo. Ke lelinye lamaqumrhu ambalwa kunye namalungu anganyanzelekanga ukuba axele konke okukhutshwayo kwi I-UNFCCC kwaye i IPCC. Kwaye oko kwakungenxa yokuba i-US, phantsi kolawulo lukaBill Clinton, eneneni yaveza ukukhululwa kwiPentagon. Ke, okwangoku, olo khululo - ngo-2015, lwankcenkceshelwa ngoko ke ngoku banokuluxela, kodwa akunjalo - lusengokuzithandela, kwaye sisenomfanekiso ongaphelelanga wokuba zingaphi izinto ezikhutshwayo eziveliswayo.

Ke, le yenye yeemfuno eziphambili eziphakanyiswa kwi COP, kukuba senza uqikelelo lokuba ngumdlali obalulekileyo ngokwenene, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ibe sisinyanzelo kumkhosi ukuba unikeze kwaye ubonise konke ukukhutshwa kwawo, kungekhona nje ukukhutshwa kwezixhobo zabo, kodwa kunye nokubonelela. amatyathanga entengiso yezixhobo njalo njalo, kuba siyazi ukuba ezi nkqubo ngabasebenzisi abanovavanyo kakhulu bamafutha efosili, kwaye zifakwe kakhulu kwinkqubo ebikhusela uqoqosho lwamafutha efosili kwihlabathi ixesha elide.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ndifuna ukuzisa uMuhammad al-Kashef kule ncoko. UMuhammad, iJiphutha lilizwe lesithathu ngobukhulu emhlabeni wezixhobo, lelinye lamazwe amaninzi afumene uncedo lomkhosi, izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezivela eUnited States, kwiManyano yaseYurophu, kunye nakwezinye izizwe ezityebileyo. Ingaba oku kube negalelo njani kungekuphela nje kungcoliseko oluya luba mandundu kunye neempembelelo zobunzima bemozulu elizweni nakwihlabathi jikelele, kodwa nasekunyhashweni okumandundu kwamalungelo oluntu okwenziwa eYiphutha ngumkhosi waseYiputa?

Muhammad KWI-KASHEF: KULUNGILE. Enkosi.

Enyanisweni, i-Egypt ichithe phantse i-50 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi ekuthengeni izixhobo ukususela ngo-2014, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba umkhosi ubuyele kumandla ngo-2013. Kule minyaka mithathu idlulileyo, ibekwe kwindawo yesithathu ephezulu, eyesithathu. Kwaye eneneni, kwizivumelwano ezibini ezinkulu, i-Egypt yahlawula malunga ne-2017 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro ngo-5.2 kunye ne-2015 yeebhiliyoni zee-euro ngo-4.2.

Njengoko sonke sibona, kwaye ayifihlwanga, imeko yezoqoqosho iYiputa ejongene nayo kunye nokubandezeleka abantu baseYiputa abakubonayo kunye nomzabalazo ukususela ngo-2016, kodwa kwakhona, xa sithetha ngemeko yamalungelo oluntu kwaye sithetha ngemeko ngaphakathi. ilizwe ngokwalo, eli lizwe uhlobo olubunjwe kwaye lulawulwa yinqanaba ngalinye ngumkhosi, kungekhona kuphela inqanaba ngalinye le-bureaucracy karhulumente, kodwa lilawula icandelo elikhulu loqoqosho kunye neendawo ezivulekileyo.

Kwaye ndiqinisekile ngoku, njenge, i-COP27 ikhupha nje ukukhanya kwi-Egypt, kwaye ngethamsanqa kukho indawo yokuhlala apho abavikeli bamalungelo abantu, abantu abahlala eYiputa, banokuthetha ngokuvakalayo kwaye badlulisele amazwi abo kwihlabathi langaphandle. Ngelishwa, ezi zixhobo zezixhobo kunye nayo yonke le mali echaphazelekayo inika i-Egypt kunye nelizwe laseYiputa uhlobo olusemthethweni kunye nenkxaso yamazwe ngamazwe ebanika amandla okunciphisa uluntu ukuba lugcine ngaphezu kwe-60,000 - ebhekisela kwingxelo ye-Amnesty kwi-2016, ngaphezu kwe-60,000. amabanjwa ezopolitiko avalelwe. Ngokwenene sibona umzobo omnye, uAlaa Abd El-Fattah, umntu nje omnye, ibanjwa elinye lezopolitiko, elifumene inkxaso kwaye onethamsanqa lokuba kubekho abantu abamthethelayo. Kwaye siyabona ukuba ilizwe laseYiputa lisabela njani kwiimfuno ezinjalo.

Ke, yile nto siyibonayo, eneneni. Ihlabathi kunye namazwe angamalungu aseYurophu, i-USA kunye neRashiya, bonke bavala nje amehlo abo ngokuphulwa okwenzeka ngaphakathi kweYiputa, ngenxa yazo zonke ezi zivumelwano, ngenxa yomdla.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ke, Kashef, ukuba ubunokuthi- ukuba ubunokuthetha ngakumbi malunga nendawo esikuyo ngoku, apho sikhoyo- useJamani, siseSharm el-Sheikh, eYiputa - kwaye malunga nokuba le ndawo imele ntoni? Kwabaninzi, abaqondi nokuba baseYiputa. Yindawo eyahlukileyo, ekwanti.

Muhammad KWI-KASHEF: Enyanisweni, iYiputa ayiyedwanga. IJiphutha iphakathi kwayo yonke into, njengasembindini weMpuma. yi-

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Bendithetha uSharm el-Sheikh.

Muhammad KWI-KASHEF: Ewe, iSharm el-Sheikh eneneni yindawo entle yabakhenkethi. Oku akubonisi imeko yokwenyani eYiputa, eDelta, eCairo naseAlexandria naseNorth Coast. I-Sharm el-Sheikh yinxalenye nje yezulu, ukuba sifuna ukuxoxa ngayo. Kwaye eneneni, kuyaphambana, kuba akukho elubala, akukho kuphendula ngedemokhrasi okanye inkqubo ebambe ilizwe laseJiphutha uxanduva lwento eyenzekileyo. Ukumema bonke aba bantu kwi-Sharm el-Sheikh kwaye bavumele ukuba banandiphe ixesha labo kwindawo yokuphumla, ndingatsho ukuba oku akukona nje ukuhlanjululwa kwe-greenwashing, kodwa oku bubuxoki obukhulu.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ukwangumthetheleli omkhulu weembacu. Ngaba ungathetha ngeembacu zemozulu? Kwala mazwe atyebileyo adala iimeko ezibangela ukuba abantu basabe, betyala iibhiliyoni zeerandi ngelo xesha kwimikhosi nemida, yaye bebathintela ukuba bangezi kumazwe avelisa amafutha eembiwa.

Muhammad KWI-KASHEF: Ewe kulungile. Ngokwenyani, xa sibona loo nto, luhlobo lwesekethe evaliweyo, kwaye singena engxakini. Amazwe amakhulu achitha imali eninzi kwaye achitha imali eninzi yeebhiliyoni zeedola kunye neeyuro ezingalweni, kwaye emva koko sibona umkhosi [ungavakaliyo] kunye nendlela ochaphazela ngayo imozulu, kwaye ufumanisa njengabantu abafudukayo kunye neembacu zishiya amakhaya abo kunye namazwe abo. Fumana indawo engcono yokuhlala, ukufumana indawo enokuhlalwa, ngandlela ithile. Kwaye ke, endaweni yoko, eneneni, yokuchitha imali kunye nokuchitha izixhobo ukulungisa imeko kunye nokujongana nengxaki, hayi, amazwe achitha imali eninzi emkhosini - emkhosini, ekulweni umda, kukhuseleko lomda.

Kwaye oko kulusizi ngokwenene, kuba sibona ukuba le ngxaki ifana nokusichaphazela sonke. Kwaye kufuneka ngokwenene ukufumana isisombululo, ukufumana isisombululo esingcono. Into esiyibonayo e-Afrika ngoku, iya kwiMeditera, kuba kwiMeditera, icandelo elikhulu labalobi, icandelo elikhulu loluntu liphulukana nomthombo walo wokugqibezela kunye nokukwazi ukuphila. Kwaye le nto siyibonayo ePakistan kunye nezikhukula ePakistan kwaye kwenzeka ntoni, konke oku luhlobo lwefuthe lemigaqo-nkqubo yethu engalunganga.

NGABA INDAODA ELUNGILE: Ewe, ndifuna ukunibulela nobabini ngokuba kunye nathi. Ngokuqinisekileyo siza kudibanisa yakho umbiko. UMuhammad al-Kashef ligqwetha kunye netshantliziyo lemfuduko, uthetha nathi eseJamani. UNick Buxton, umphandi kwiZiko leTransnational - bangababhali abasebenzisanayo be "Climate Collateral: Indlela inkcitho yasemkhosini ikhawulezisa ngayo ukuwohloka kwemozulu" - ukwangumbhali-mbhali AbaKhuselekileyo nabaLahliweyo: Indlela uMkhosi kunye neeNkampani eziLibumba ngayo iLizwe eliTshintshwa yiMozulu..