By UChristian Sorensen, Septemba 4, 2023
Iklasi yokuSebenza
Abasebenzi bangundoqo kwezoqoqosho. Umsebénzi ngulowo ubulalekayo, erhola umvuzo wakhe. Ingeniso eyenziwa ngumsebenzi kwiqumrhu inkulu kakhulu kunomvuzo ofunyanwa ngumsebenzi.
Akwahlukanga kushishino lwemfazwe yase-US, equka amaqumrhu aphuhlisayo, athengisa, kwaye athengise iimpahla kunye neenkonzo e-US (umkhosi nobukrelekrele) kunye noorhulumente abamanyeneyo. Ukudityaniswa kwezi nkampani kunye ne-US yasemkhosini kubumba i-complex yezomkhosi-imizi-mveliso edume kakubi.
Imisebenzi yodidi olusebenzayo kumzi mveliso wemfazwe wase-US ibandakanya, kodwa ayiphelelanga koku:
- injineli, ingcali yefiziksi, ingcali yezibalo,
- umdwelisi wekhompyuter, umlawuli wenkqubo, umphuhlisi welifu,
- welder, machinist, electrician, umfaki wemibhobho, umkhandi.
Aba basebenzi abaqinisekisi ukuba iqumrhu elithile lenza ntoni, ziveliswa njani iimveliso, okanye loo nkampani ithengisela bani. Ezo zigqibo zenziwa ngoongxowankulu: abalawuli.
inzuzo
Iqela elilawulayo lenza ntoni ngengeniso eyenziwa ngabasebenzi? Iinkampani zikhupha iintlawulo zezahlulo kubanini-zabelo kwaye zihlawule abalawuli abaphezulu beshishini 7- kunye nesi-8-manani. Baphinda bathenge isitokhwe, benyusa ixabiso lesabelo ngasinye.
Ijongeka njani le nto?
- General Dynamics' isivuno sesahlulo (intlawulo yesahlulo eboniswe njengepesenti yexabiso lesitokhwe sangoku) okwangoku 2.34%;
- le Ukongezwa kwe-RTX isigqeba esiyintloko sihlawulwa ngaphezulu kwe-22 yezigidi zeedola (bona p. 45);
- kunye noLockheed Martin uyathenga kwakhona I-7.9 yeebhiliyoni zeedola zesitokhwe sayo.
Maxa wambi imibutho elwa imfazwe isebenzisa loo ngeniso ukwakha imizi-mveliso emininzi okanye indawo yeeofisi apho abasebenzi baya kwenza ingeniso engakumbi. Umzekelo, Lockheed Martin umhlaba owaphukileyo ngo-2022 kwiziko lemijukujelwa eHuntsville, Alabama, naseBoeing umhlaba owaphukileyo ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka kwiziko eliseJacksonville, eFlorida, lokulungisa iindawo zenqwelomoya zomkhosi.
Abantu abazalelwe kule nkqubo yezoqoqosho abafane bafundiswe ngeendlela ekwenzakalisa ngayo abasebenzi.
Iklasi Elawulayo
Ongxowankulu abaphezulu benkqubo banokohlulwa babe ngamaqela amane.
1. Abaphathi. Umsebenzi wesigqeba seshishini (umzekelo, igosa elilawulayo, igosa eliyintloko lezemali, igosa eliyintloko lokusebenza) kukwandisa inzuzo yexesha elifutshane. Ibhodi yabalawuli iqinisekisa ukuba abalawuli benza njalo.
2. Izinhanha zemali. Iinkampani ezininzi zemfazwe zisesidlangalaleni, oko kukuthi, zikhupha isitokhwe esithengiswa ngokutshintshiselana. Iibhanki ezinkulu kunye neefemu zolawulo lwe-asethi (umzekelo, iVanguard, iState Street, iBlackRock) ibambe isitokhwe eninzi. Ezi mizi-mveliso zinokubonwa njengabagcini beziko abaphezulu kwishishini lemfazwe.
Iibhanki zikwabonelela ngeemali-mboleko kunye nemigca yetyala kumaqumrhu emfazwe kunye nokucebisa ngokudityaniswa kunye nokufunyanwa.
Ifemu yezabelo zabucala luhlobo olwahlukileyo lwentlangano yezemali. Iqulunqwe ngabantu abambalwa abazizityebi abathenga iqumrhu, balihlengahlengise, baze bazame ukulithengisa ngengeniso. Impahla yabucala isezandleni zayo yonke into ukusuka kumajelo eendaba ukuya kwiivenkile ezithengisa ukutya ukuya kumaqumrhu emfazwe ukuya ezibhedlele.
3. Amagosa anyuliweyo kwiiNkonzo ezixhobileyo kunye neeKomiti zoBuntlola kwiSenethi neNdlu, kunye neKomiti yeMicimbi yezaNgaphandle kwiNdlu kunye neKomiti yoBudlelwane baNgaphandle kwiSenethi. Ngokubanzi, indima yongxowankulu bezopolitiko kukudala iimeko apho oongxowankulu, hayi abasebenzi, benza inzuzo.
Kunokuba abeke iliso elingqongqo kwimisebenzi yomkhosi neyobuntlola, la magosa anyuliweyo ayamkela inkxaso-mali yephulo ukusuka kushishino lwemfazwe, nxibelelanisa ne I-lobbyists, kwaye udlule Mithetho exhobisa abasemagunyeni abaxhobileyo kwaye ityebise ishishini.
Uninzi lwamalungu eCongress usisityebi. Abanye bade bazuze kwimfazwe, njengoko kubhalwe ngu Sludge, I-Business Insider, kwaye i ENew York Times.
4. Abalawuli abaphezulu ukulawula umkhosi kunye nemibutho yezobuntlola.
Abantu ngabanye banyuka ngokuhambelana-abaze babe nobuganga bokujongana, singasathethi ke ngokudiliza, izakhiwo zomkhosi-zemizi-mveliso. A California Congressman, umzekelo, waba yi-White House ngaphakathi kwi-1990, emva koko waqhuba i-CIA, waza waqhuba i-Pentagon.
Abalawuli abaphezulu bakwabandakanya amagosa omkhosi akwinqanaba eliphezulu lase-US. Bajongana nemeko yemfazwe esisigxina xa benxibe iyunifomu kwaye emva koko bathathe umhlalaphantsi kwaye benze imali eninzi ngokubanzi (umz., Mattis, Austin, Petraeus, Goldfein, Votela) kumaqumrhu emfazwe, kumaziko emali, okanye kwizixhobo zeshishini (umz., cinga iitanks, iifemu zokuphembelela, kunye 501(c) engenzi nzuzo).
Ixesha lesigqibo
Oongxowankulu kunye nabezopolitiko ababakhokelayo-ngamaphulo okuxhasa ngemali, ukuphembelela, ukwenza amabali ongenelelo kwiindawo zokucinga, kunye "ukufundisa abavoti” kwimibutho engenzi ngeniso—ngabo benza izigqibo ezibalulekileyo ekuhlaleni.
Esona sigqibo sikhulu kwezi—ukuba uchithe ntoni na imali njengelizwe—iinzuzo ishishini lemfazwe. Phantse isiqingatha sonyaka we-federal discretionary ibhajethi yinkcitho yasemkhosini. Kwaye ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha kolo hlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomkhosi luya kumaqumrhu ngendlela yezivumelwano zempahla kunye neenkonzo. Amaqumrhu emfazwe nawo athathe indawo eninzi ingqiqo umthwalo.
Ufakelo lomkhosi wase-US olunikiweyo luphawu lwedola emehlweni oshishino. Lonke olo fakelo, nokuba luse-United States okanye phesheya, ziindlela iinkampani ezihamba ngazo iimpahla kunye neenkonzo. Imikhosi (ijoni, umatiloshe, i-airman, i-Marine, umgcini) ubukhulu becala ayingokutya kwenkanunu, njengoko kwakunjalo kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala. Bangabasebenzisi bempahla kunye neenkonzo zenkampani.
Iklasi ibalulekile kumsebenzi wasemkhosini. Ukubuyiswa kwemali mboleko, uncedo lwezifundo, i-GI Bill, kunye nomvuzo ozinzileyo kunye nokhathalelo lwempilo ziphakathi kwezihendo ezisetyenziswa ngabaqeshwa bomkhosi ukuze abantu babhalise. Ukonyuka kwamathuba angengomkhosi wezoqoqosho e-United States kunokulimaza ukuqeshwa kwabantu emkhosini, into leyo engamalungu eCongress ngamanye amaxesha. vumela ukutyibilika. Iintengiso zokuqashwa emkhosini, kunye namaphulo abanzi okufumana abantu ukuba bajoyine umkhosi, zenzelwe ii-arhente zentengiso (umzekelo, i-GSD & M Idea City, i-Wunderman Thompson, i-Young & Rubicam, i-DDB Chicago), kungekhona i-Pentagon. Ngamanye amazwi, izivumelwano zomkhosi kunye namaqumrhu ukuze zenze izinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo eziqinisekisa abantu abahluphekayo kunye nabasebenzi ukuba bajoyine umkhosi, osetyenziswa ngumbutho olawulayo njengendlela yokuzuza.
Ababhalisileyo bazalisa izikhundla zomkhosi. Zibekwe kwi-stateside kwaye zithunyelwe phesheya, ukugada umhlaba. Amahlwempu kunye nabasebenzi behlabathi ekufumaneni imisebenzi yomkhosi kunye nezobuntlola zase-US, eziyalelwa kwaye zijongwa ngumbutho olawulayo wase-US, babandezeleka kakhulu, ngakumbi ngokwemiqathango ubomi obulahlekileyo kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwendalo.
Ikhadi leMisebenzi
Abaphathi abaphethe ishishini laseMelika imisebenzi ezenzekelayo (umz., Ukongezwa kwe-RTX, Lockheed Martin), thumela imisebenzi phesheya (umz., Mekhsikho, Indiya ) apho ukusebenza kunexabiso eliphantsi, kwaye rhoqo cut kunye ukuyeka imisebenzi; ishishini lemfazwe liyaphangela mbalwa kakhulu abantu namhlanje kunangeMfazwe Yomlomo yokuqala.
Nangona kunjalo, oongxowankulu kunye namaqela abo obudlelwane boluntu banobuchule ekudlaleni ikhadi "lemisebenzi" xa becinezela okanye benxibelelana namagosa anyuliweyo kwinqanaba lomdibaniso, likarhulumente, kunye nelengingqi. Umzekelo, kubungqina bendlu yowiso-mthetho yaseCalifornia malunga nenani le-9 lekhefu lerhafu ngamnye, abameli abavela kwi-Lockheed Martin kunye ne-Northrop Grumman bagxininisa ukuba isakhiwo esitsha iibhombu eCarlifonia "iyakudala amakhulu emisebenzi ehlawula kakhulu kunye namashishini kwiinkampani ezincinci ezibonelela ngeenxalenye," ngokwamagama LA Times.
Amanqaku okuthetha acocekile. “Sizibophelele ekukhuliseni impembelelo yethu kwezoqoqosho ngokwandisa… imisebenzi kunye notyalo-mali oluqhubekayo kwimisebenzi yobugcisa obuphezulu exhasa iinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokhuseleko lwesizwe,” iyangqina usekela mongameli wequmrhu elinye. "Olu lwandiso [lweziko] luya kuzisa amakhulu emisebenzi emitsha kwindawo kwaye sonyuse isiseko sababoneleli bethu kakhulu," izithembiso enye. "[O]ishishini lethu linobutyebi betalente kuwo onke amanqanaba, kwaye ngowona mandla ethu amakhulu kunye nomthombo wamathuba," Ithi eyesithathu.
Inkcitho ye-Federal kwezinye iindawo zoqoqosho (umzekelo, iziseko zophuhliso, ukhathalelo lwempilo, amandla azinzileyo, imfundo yoluntu) idala imisebenzi emininzi kunenkcitho kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali lomkhosi.
Ingcali ngezoqoqosho uHeidi Peltier uyacacisa, “Amandla acocekileyo adala imisebenzi emalunga neshumi ekhulwini kuneyasemkhosini, kwinqanaba elifanayo lenkcitho, ngelixa ukhathalelo lwempilo ludala imisebenzi ephindwe kabini, kwaye imfundo ngokomndilili ixhasa phantse imisebenzi ephindwe kathathu kunomkhosi, idola. ngedola” (pdf).
Imfazwe ayikho malunga nemisebenzi. Imalunga nenzuzo—yeqela elilawulayo.
phakama
Ekuphumezeni umgaqo-nkqubo wemfazwe esisigxina, iqela elilawulayo lilimaza uluntu kabini:
- Udidi olulawulayo alulwi iimfazwe. Izuza inzuzo. Amahlwempu kunye nabasebenzi balwa iimfazwe. Abanye bayafa. Abaninzi benzakele ngokwasemzimbeni kunye/okanye ngokwasengqondweni.
- Iidola zerhafu zinokuya kukhathalelo lwempilo, iziseko zophuhliso, imfundo, ukuncitshiswa kwamatyala, izindlu ezifikelelekayo, kunye nezinye iinkqubo ezinceda uluntu. Kunoko, zifakwa emfazweni.
Ukuphelisa imeko yemfazwe esisigxina kunye nokuphiliswa njengoluntu kufuna kurhoxiswe yonke ikhowudi yomthetho efanelekileyo, kuqalwa ngomthetho ongundoqo: uMthetho woKhuseleko lweSizwe wowe-1947 kunye noMthetho woBudlelwane boLawulo lwezaBasebenzi wowe-1947. Owayesakuba ngumbutho wezomkhosi-wemizi-mveliso, wadala i-Arhente yezoBuntlola ePhakathi, waza waseka iBhunga leSizwe loKhuseleko, ngelixa eli lamva lavala uninzi lwamaqhinga kunye nobuchule obunokusetyenziswa ngabasebenzi ukuququzelela nokuzilwela.
Izigwebo zeNkundla ePhakamileyo ezinike amaqumrhu igunya elikhulu lezopolitiko nayo kufuneka irhoxiswe.
Umanyano lwabasebenzi kunye nolungiselelo yinxalenye ephambili yokutshintsha imeko ekhoyo.
Udidi olulawulayo luyaboyika abasebenzi abamanyeneyo, kuba abasebenzi abamanyeneyo banokusebenzisa amanani abongamileyo ukutyhalela umva ngokuchasene nenkqubo yezoqoqosho enengeniso-ngaphaya kwabantu eyaziwa ngokuba yi-capitalism. Abasebenzi abazithembileyo, abamanyeneyo banokuthumela kwenye indawo iidola zerhafu kude neshishini lemfazwe nakwiinkqubo eziluncedo (umzekelo, ukhathalelo lwempilo, imfundo, iziseko ezingundoqo, uncedo lwentlekele), nokuya kuthi ga ngoku. guqula ishishini lemfazwe kumashishini ukuba ngokwenene inzuzo ubuntu.
Inikwe ezidibeneyo Ukuphela kobunzima kwaye mozulu kwiintlekele esiphila kuzo, kunyanzelekile ukuba abasebenzi bamanyane kuzo zonke iintlanga kwaye basebenze. Kwaye ngokukhawuleza kungcono.
UChristian Sorensen ngumphandi ogxile kwishishini lemfazwe. Uligunya eliphambili ekuhlanganiseni umkhosi kunye namashishini amakhulu. Igqala loMkhosi woMoya wase-US, ungumbhali wencwadi ethi Ukuqonda Umzi-mveliso weMfazwe (Clarity Press, 2020). Umsebenzi wakhe uyafumaneka warindustrymuster.com. USorensen ngumntu ophezulu kwi-Eisenhower Media Network (EMN), umbutho wamagqala omkhosi azimeleyo kunye neengcali zokhuseleko lwesizwe eziqondayo ukuba umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle wase-US awubenzi, okanye ihlabathi, likhuseleke.
