IZIPHUMO ZOMBUTHO WASE-Syria

I-International Peace Bureau

Ngo-Oktobha 19, 2016. Ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi kunye nolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe esilubonayo namhlanje eSiriya lufanele inqanaba eliphezulu lokuthethana kwabemi: bafuna ukuzibophelela kwehlabathi lonke ekufezekiseni ukupheliswa komlilo kunye nokuvula inkqubo yokufikelela kwisisombululo sezopolitiko. Lo mbandela wawungenakungxamiseka ngakumbi.

Emva kweengxoxo kwinkongolose yaseBerlin (ekuqaleni kuka-Oktobha), i-IPB indulula ezi ngongoma zi-6 zilandelayo zesicwangciso soxolo. Akusiyo isicwangciso esipheleleyo, kodwa sinikezela ngokuqhelaniswa nesenzo soluntu lwamazwe ngamazwe kwiiveki kunye neenyanga ezizayo, ngakumbi kuthi thina kumazwe aseNtshona.

1. Ungenzi nto. Kukho imida koko nawuphi na urhulumente - kubandakanywa ne-US, eyona inamandla - eneneni ekwazi ukuyenza. Kodwa xa izenzo ezithathwe ngabo emhlabeni ziyenza ibe mandundu ngakumbi imeko, impendulo kwezo zenzo kufuneka isekelwe kwi-Hippocratic Oath: okokuqala, musa ukulimaza. Oku kuthetha ukumisa ukuhlasela kweenqwelo moya macala onke, kunqandwe ukutshatyalaliswa kwabantu nezixeko. Ukuhlasela izibhedlele nezikolo lulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe. Okwangoku e-Aleppo amatyala aphambili abonakala ngathi yi-Assad yolawulo kunye neRashiya. Nangona kunjalo i-US kunye namanye amahlakani ayo anerekhodi elide lohlaselo lwasemoyeni kubantu - kwimeko yabo kwezinye iindawo zaseSyria nakumazwe asuka eAfghanistan ukuya eLibya ukuya eYemen. Yonke ibhombu enye kakhulu-ingakumbi njengoko eneneni ithande ukomeleza imibutho eyingozi. Ngaphezu koko, akukhona nje umbuzo wokuhlaselwa okuvela emoyeni. Umlo ophantsi, uqeqesho, ukunikezelwa kwemikhosi yangaphandle kufuneka kuphele.

2. Yenza "akukho bhutsi phantsi" ngokwenene. Simemelela ukurhoxiswa kwayo yonke imikhosi ebandakanya imikhosi ekhethekileyo, kunye nokususwa kweenqwelomoya zangaphandle kunye needrones kwindawo yomoya yaseSyria. Nangona kunjalo asixhasi ikhwelo lendawo ekungabhabhiyo kuyo, enokufuna iipatroli zomoya ngamalungu eBhunga lezoKhuseleko, okuthetha umngcipheko wokungquzulana ngokuthe ngqo phakathi kwe-US neRussia. Oku kuyingozi ngakumbi ngeli xesha ukruthakruthwano phakathi kwabo lusanda, kwaye kusenokuqinisa ngakumbi umlo emhlabeni. Ubukho bemikhosi yase-US bubonelela ngokuthe ngqo oko i-ISIS kunye neminye imibutho eyingozi ifuna: imikhosi yangaphandle kwintsimi yabo, inika abantu abanokuthi baqeshwe ngobungqina obuhlaziyiweyo bokungenelela kweNtshona kumazwe amaSilamsi, kunye nokubonelela ngamawaka eethagethi ezintsha. Oku kuyafana nenjongo ye-al-Qaeda yeminyaka eli-15 eyadlulayo, eyayikuxhokonxa i-US ukuba ithumele imikhosi kumhlaba wayo ukuze ilwe nabo apho. Sele siyithethile loo nto, injongo yethu ayikokushiya ibala livulekele imikhosi kaRhulumente. Injongo yokususa imikhosi yamazwe angaphandle kukunciphisa ingxabano kunye nokuvula ngokukhawuleza iingxoxo malunga nezopolitiko. Ngelixa oku ngokuqinisekileyo kuqulethe into ethile yomngcipheko kubemi, ngokunjalo nemigaqo-nkqubo yangoku evumela ukubulawa kwabantu abaninzi ukuba kuqhubeke.

3. Yeka ukuthumela izixhobo. I-IPB ikholelwa ukuba amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe kwicala lothintelo olupheleleyo lwezixhobo macala onke. 'Iimodareyitha' zaseSyria ezibonelelwe yi-US zihlala zonganyelwe (okanye abalweli babo aba-2 baneziphene) kwi-ISIS, i-al-Qaeda's franchise yaseSyria, okanye eminye imikhosi ephakathi. Nokuba ezi zixhobo zisasazwa ngoontamo-lukhuni okanye ngoorhulumente base-US ekucingelwa ukuba 'baphakathi' okanye amajoni, isiphumo sokwanda kobundlobongela obujoliswe kubemi. Oorhulumente baseNtshona kufuneka baphelise umkhwa wabo wokungahoyi ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo oluntu kunye nomthetho wamazwe ngamazwe owenziwe ngezixhobo zabo kunye namaqabane abo. Kulapho kuphela apho baya kuba nokuthembeka kokukhuthaza i-Iran kunye neRussia ukuba baphelise ulwabo lolawulo lwaseSyria. I-US inokuthi, ukuba ikhethe, ukumisa ngokukhawuleza kwi-Saudi, UAE, Qatari kunye nezinye izixhobo ezithunyelwa eSyria ngokunyanzelisa izithintelo zabasebenzisi bokugqibela, kwiintlungu zokuphulukana nalo lonke ufikelelo kwiingalo zase-US. Ngelixa kuyinyani ukuba ivoti yeBhunga lezoKhuseleko lokuvala ukuthengiswa kwezixhobo phantse ngokuqinisekileyo ingavalwa lelinye icala okanye elinye, indlela ebalulekileyo yonyanzeliso iye yavulwa ngokuqalisa ukusebenza kweSivumelwano soRhwebo lwezixhobo. Ukongeza, ukuvalwa kokugqithiselwa kwezixhobo kwelinye icala kunokuba kwaye kufuneka kuqaliswe ngokukhawuleza.

4. Yakha ubambiswano lwezozakuzo, hayi ezomkhosi. Lixesha lokuhambisa idiplomacy kumbindi weqonga, hayi njengendawo esecaleni kwizenzo zomkhosi. Idiplomacy yamandla amakhulu esiyibona ngokungapheliyo kwizikrini zethu zeTV kufuneka ihambelane nediplomacy yaseSyria. Ekugqibeleni oko kuthetha ukuba wonke umntu obandakanyekayo kufuneka abe etafileni: ulawulo lwaseSiriya; uluntu lwangaphakathi eSyria kubandakanywa abagqugquzeli abangenalo ubundlobongela, abafazi, abantu abatsha, abafudukayo ngaphakathi, kunye nababaleki abaphoqeleke ukuba babalekele eSiriya (iSiriya, i-Iraqi, nePalestina); amaKurd aseSiriya, amaKristu, amaDruze, namanye amaqaqobana namaSunni, amaShi’a namaAlawite; abavukeli abaxhobileyo; inkcaso yangaphandle kunye nabadlali bengingqi kunye nehlabathi jikelele - i-US, iRashiya, i-European Union, i-Iran, i-Saudi Arabia, i-UAE, i-Qatar, iTurkey, i-Jordan, iLebhanon nangaphaya. Umyalelo omde mhlawumbi; kodwa ekuhambeni kwexesha ukubandakanywa kuya kusebenza ngakumbi kunokukhutshelwa ngaphandle. Ngeli xesha, uKerry noLavrov baya kwenza kakuhle ukubeka etafileni izicwangciso zangoku zokukhupha imikhosi yabo yomkhosi. Ukungavisisani phakathi kwezigebenga ezibini ezixhobe ngenyukliya sele kuphezulu kakhulu. Ukusonjululwa kweSyria kusenokuba-inokuba yiprojekthi ekugqibeleni ebafundisa isifundo soxolo. Akukho sicombululo somkhosi. I-Russia, njengabanye abadlali, inomdla wayo oqinisekileyo we-geostrategic. Ibonisa ngokufanelekileyo imigangatho ephindwe kabini yezopolitiko zaseNtshona kunye nabaxhasi babo beendaba ezibonakalayo xa sijonga izenzo zabo (ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo) ekukhuthazeni ubutshaba kulo lonke ummandla. Kodwa iRashiya nayo inegazi labantu abaqhelekileyo yaye ayinakugqalwa njengomkhuthazi woxolo ongenamdla. Yiyo loo nto kufuneka kudityaniswe iqela elibanzi lamazwe. Ukukhangela izisombululo ezibanzi zozakuzo kwiZizwe eziManyeneyo ezigubungela zombini i-ISIS kunye nemfazwe yamakhaya eSyria kuthetha, ekuhambeni kwexesha, inkxaso enkulu kwiinzame zokuthethathethana ngokupheliswa komlilo, ukuvumela uncedo loluntu, kunye nokufuduswa kwabantu kwiindawo ezingqingiweyo. Into engafunekiyo yenye i-Coalition of the Willing; endaweni yoko kufuneka ukuba siqalise kwangoko kwi-Coalition of the Rebuilding.

5. Ukwandisa uxinzelelo lwezoqoqosho kwi-ISIS - kunye nawo onke amanye amaqela axhobileyo. I-Islamic State yimeko ekhethekileyo kwaye imele isoyikiso esiyingozi kakhulu. Imelwe kukuqengqelwa umva; kodwa amandla okuchasa akhohlakeleyo, njengoko sibona ngoku kuhlaselo phezu komda waseMosul, akunakwenzeka ukuba anike isisombululo esanelisayo sexesha elide. Iyasilela ukufikelela kwiingcambu zengxaki kwaye sabelana ngoloyiko lwamagosa e-UN ukuba inokubangela intlekele enkulu yobuntu. I-West kufuneka isebenze nzima ngakumbi ukuqinisa ukuhamba kwenkxaso-mali kwi-ISIS, ngokukodwa ngokuthintela iinkampani zeoli, kwaye ngokukodwa i-Turkish middlemen, ekurhwebeni 'kwioli yegazi'. Iziqhushumbisi zeelori zeoyile zinefuthe elibi kokusingqongileyo kunye nabantu; kuya kusebenza ngakumbi ukwenza ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ioli ye-ISIS ithengiswe. 3 Ngapha koko, iWashington kufuneka ijongele phantsi inkxaso yayo yamaqela axhobileyo, kubandakanya i-al Qaeda kunye ne-ISIS. Uninzi lwabahlalutyi bayavuma ukuba inxalenye enkulu ye-ISIS kunye namanye amaqela axhobileyo inkxaso-mali ivela eSaudi Arabia; nokuba ivela kwimithombo esemthethweni okanye engekho semthethweni, uBukumkani ngokuqinisekileyo bunolawulo olwaneleyo lwabemi babo ukuphelisa lo mkhuba.

6. Ukwandisa iminikelo yobuntu ukulungiselela iimbacu nokwandisa izibophelelo zokuhlaliswa ngokutsha. Amagunya aseNtshona kufuneka awandise kakhulu iminikelo yawo yobuntu kwii-arhente zeZizwe eziManyeneyo kwizigidi zababaleki kunye nabantu abafudukele ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kunye nababaleka eSyria nase-Iraq. Imali ifuneka ngamandla ngaphakathi kweSyria nakumazwe ajikelezileyo. I-US kunye ne-EU zenze isibhambathiso semali ebalulekileyo, kodwa uninzi lwayo aluzange lwenziwe lufumaneke kwiiarhente, kwaye ngaphezulu kufuneka kuthenjiswe kwaye kuhanjiswe. Kodwa ingxaki ayiyomali kuphela. I-IPB ixoxa ngelithi kufuneka sivule banzi iingcango zamazwe asentshona kwiimbacu. Akwamkelekanga ukuba iJamani ithatha i-800,000 ngelixa amanye amazwe - kubandakanywa nalawo aphakamisa iMfazwe yase-Iraq kwindawo yokuqala - amkele kuphela amawaka ambalwa, kwaye abanye, njengeHungary, bayala ngokupheleleyo ingcamango yobumbano phakathi kweYurophu kunye nokwabelana. Isenzo esisiphakamisayo asikho nje esifunwa lumanyano oluqhelekileyo lwabantu. Yimfanelo yethu esemthethweni njengabasayinileyo kwiNgqungquthela yeeMbacu. Ngelixa sibuqonda ubunzima bezopolitiko bemeko enjalo ngenxa yemo yangoku yoluntu, iimpendulo zamazwe atyebileyo aseNtshona azanelanga. Amanyathelo athile anokuthi athathwe: umzekelo, ii-corridors zobuntu kufuneka zisekwe (kunye nezothutho ezicwangcisiweyo), ukwenzela ukuba abantu ababalekela imfazwe bangafaki ubomi babo emngciphekweni kwakhona kwiMeditera. Ubusika buza ngokukhawuleza kwaye siya kubona ukufa okuninzi okulusizi ngaphandle kokuba umgaqo-nkqubo omtsha wamkelwe ngokukhawuleza.

UQINISO: ISiriya inzima. Wonke umntu uyazi ukuba isisombululo sezopolitiko sinzima kakhulu kwaye kuya kuthatha ixesha elide ukusombulula. Nangona kunjalo kanye xa imeko imbi kakhulu apho uthethwano kufuneka luqhutyelwe phambili. Inyaniso yokuba abanye abangeneleli baye benza izenzo ezingamkelekanga akusona isizathu sokushiya iingxoxo.

Simema ukuba kupheliswe imfazwe yasekhaya neyengingqi, ikhefu lokunceda abantu kunye nazo naziphi na ezinye iindlela ezivumela iinkonzo zokuhlangula ukuba zifikelele kubemi basekuhlaleni. Okwangoku sikhuthaza utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwimigaqo-nkqubo engundoqo, efana nokubeka uthintelo lwezixhobo macala onke, kunye nokususa imikhosi yamazwe angaphandle kwindawo yedabi. Sikwafuna ukuphononongwa kwazo zonke izohlwayo ezichasene neSyria, ezinye zazo ezithanda ukohlwaya uluntu.

Okokugqibela, sibongoza oogxa bethu kwimibutho yoluntu kuwo onke amazwekazi ukuba bagcine kwaye bakhe iintshukumo zabo. Abezopolitiko kunye noonozakuzaku kufuneka bazi ukuba uluvo lwehlabathi lufuna inyathelo kwaye aluyi kukunyamezela nakuphi na ukongezwa kolu gonyamelo loyikekayo. Ukuphumelela imfazwe (ngalo naliphi na icala) akusiyo inketho ngoku. Okubalulekileyo kukuphelisa.