Imibutho yaseburhulumenteni njengebutho loxolo

NguDavid Rintoul, World BEYOND War Inxalenye yesifundo se-Intanethi

UFrederick Douglass wakhe wathi, “Amandla avuma kwanto ngaphandle kwesidingo. Akuzange kwenzeke kwaye ngekhe kwenzeke. Fumana ukuba yintoni na abantu abaza kuthi cwaka kuyo uze ufumanise ukuba yeyiphi na intswela-bulungisa nengalunganga abaza kuyinyanzeliswa. ”

Oorhulumente abakaze bacinge ngohlaziyo oluya kunceda abemi abaqhelekileyo kwaye emva koko ngobubele babanike kuluntu oluthembekileyo. Imibutho yezobulungisa kwezentlalo bekusoloko kufuneka ijongane nesigqeba esilawulayo kwaye, njengoko isiHlomelo sokuQala sisitsho, "ukucela uRhulumente ukuba alungise izikhalazo."

Ewe kunjalo, u-Douglass wayengumntu otshabalalisayo kwaye iphulo lakhe elithile lalinxamnye nobukhoboka Wayekenziwe ikhoboka, ukanti wayengumbhali onesiphiwo kunye no-Orator ngaphandle kokungafundanga okusemthethweni. Wayengobungqina obuphilayo bokuba abantu bemibala yayiyimidlalo yokuqonda komnye umntu.

Ngaphandle kwetoni eguqukayo yesicatshulwa endiqale ngaso, uDouglass wayeyintshatsheli yokunyamezelana noxolelwaniso. Emva kokukhululwa, uthathe inxaxheba kwincoko evulelekileyo kunye nababesakuba ngamakhoboka ukufumana iindlela zoluntu zokuqhubela phambili ngoxolo.

Abanye oontanga bakhe kumbutho wokupheliswa kwezopolitiko bamcel'umngeni kule nto, kodwa ke ukuphika kwakhe wathi, "Ndiza kudibana nabani ukwenza okulungileyo kwaye kungabikho mntu wenza ububi."

UDouglass wayengekho ngaphezulu kokucela umngeni kumahlakani akhe ezopolitiko. Umzekelo, uphoxekile ngu-Abraham Lincoln ngokungalixhasi kwakhe ilungelo lama-Afrika aseMelika lokuvota kunyulo luka-1864.

Endaweni yoko, waxhasa esidlangalaleni uJohn C. Fremont weQela eliKhulu leDemokhrasi. UFremont wayengenalo ithuba lokuphumelela, kodwa wayengumchasi wentliziyo opheleleyo. Ivoti yokuqhankqalaza kawonke-wonke kaDouglass yayikukukhalaza okuvulekileyo kuLincoln kwaye kwanefuthe elibi kwisigqibo sikaLincoln sokumisela i-14^th Kunye ne15^th izilungiso emva konyaka.

Ngo-1876, uDouglass wathetha eWashington DC ekunikezelweni kweSikhumbuzo se-Emancipation eLincoln Park. Wabiza uLincoln "njengoMongameli womntu omhlophe" kwaye wachaza amandla kunye nobuthathaka bakhe kwimbono yomntu olikhoboka.

Nangona kunjalo, wagqiba kwelokuba kuzo zonke iimpazamo zakhe, "nangona uMnu. Intetho yakhe ngumzekelo wokuqala wengcinga yenyaniso noxolelwaniso.

Omnye umzekelo woluntu olukhokelela kwisityholo sokulwa ubukhoboka yayinguHarriet Tubman kunye noololiwe ohamba ngaphantsi komhlaba owayelilungu eliphambili. NjengoDouglass wayekade elikhoboka kwaye wakwazi ukubaleka. Endaweni yokugxila kwinkululeko yakhe, waqala ngokwenza amalungiselelo okunceda iintsapho zakhe ukuba zisinde kubathinjwa.

Uqhubeke nokunceda abanye abantu abangamakhoboka ukuba babalekele enkululekweni ngenethiwekhi eyimfihlo yabaxhasi bakaloliwe abangaphantsi komhlaba. Igama lakhe lekhowudi lalingu "Moses" kuba wakhokela abantu baphuma kubukhoboka obukrakra bangena kwilizwe lesithembiso lenkululeko. UHarriet Tubman akazange alahlekelwe ngumgibeli.

Ukongeza ekukhokeleni kuloliwe ohamba ngaphantsi komhlaba, emva kokukhululwa waya kusebenza eSuffragettes. Wahlala njengegorha elilwela amalungelo abantu baseMelika base-Afrika kunye nabasetyhini de wasweleka ngo-1913 kwikhaya labalupheleyo.

Ewe kunjalo, asingabo bonke abagxothiweyo ababengama-Afrika aseMelika. Umzekelo, uHarriet Beecher Stowe, wayengomnye wabamhlophe abaninzi baseMelika abadlala indima yobumbano kubantu abenziwe ikhoboka kwisizukulwana sakhe. Inoveli yakhe kunye nomdlalo, Uncle Tom's Cabin iphumelele abantu abaninzi "bohlanga" kunye neklasi ukuxhasa ukupheliswa kobukhoboka.

Ibali lakhe lenza ukuba ubukhoboka buchaphazele uluntu lonke, ingabi ngabo babizwa ngokuba ziinkosi nje kuphela, abathengisi nabantu ababenze amakhoboka. Incwadi yakhe yaphula iirekhodi zokupapasha kwaye naye waba yimfihlo ka-Abraham Lincoln.

Ke siyabona ukuba ukupheliswa kobukhoboka kwenzeka ngezenzo zabemi nje abaqhelekileyo abangazange babambe zikhundla. Ndingatsho nokuba uGqirha King akazange abambe sikhundla sikarhulumente. Umbutho wamalungelo oluntu, ukusuka ekuphelisweni kobukhoboka ukuya kwisikhutshelo somthetho ngo-1960 sisiphumo sesiko elide lokungathobeli eluntwini.

Abafundi baya kuqaphela ukuba ndishiye into ebaluleke kakhulu. Khange ndiyikhankanye iMfazwe yamakhaya. Uninzi lunokuthi isenzo sikaRhulumente soManyano sokubhukuqa i-Confederacy yintoni eyayiqeda ubukhoboka kanye kunye.

Kwincwadi yakhe, Imfazwe ayinakuze ilunge, UDavid Swanson wakha ingxoxo eqinisekisayo yokuba iMfazwe yeLizwe yayisiphazamiso kwimbutho yokupheliswa. Ubukhoboka buye baba yinto eqondayo ubundlobongela, kanye njengezixhobo zokutshabalalisa ininzi ibikukuhlaselwa kwe-Iraq ngo-2003.

Njengoko uSwanson ebeka, "Iindleko zokukhulula amakhoboka-" ngokuwathenga "kwaye ke unikeze inkululeko yawo-ngekhe yaphantsi kakhulu kunaleyo isetyenziswe eMntla emfazweni. Kwaye akubalwa oko uMzantsi ukuchithileyo okanye ukufaka izinto kwiindleko zabantu ezilinganiswe ngokusweleka, ukonzakala, ukukhubazeka kwamalungu omzimba, umothuko, intshabalalo, kunye namashumi eminyaka okrakra okungapheliyo. ”

Ekugqibeleni, imbali ibonakalisa ukuba yayizizenzo zeentshutshiso eziqhelekileyo zabemi abanjengoDouglass, Tubman, Beecher Stowe noGqr. King ababuyisele amalungelo abantu amakhoboka nenzala yabo eMelika. Ukusebenza kwabo ngokungakhathali kunye nokuzimisela kwabo ukuba bathethe inyani kumandla banyanzela uLincoln ongenamdla kunye no-kamva aba-Mongameli uKennedy noJohnson ukuba behle kocingo benze into elungileyo.

Inkuthazo eluntwini yeyona nto iphambili ekusekeni ubulungisa bezentlalo.

UDavid Rintoul uthathe inxaxheba World BEYOND War iikhosi ze-Intanethi zokupheliswa kwemfazwe.