NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Oktobha 3, 2022
Incwadi yamva nje kaChris Hedges, Obona Bubi Bubukhulu Yimfazwe, sisihloko esoyikekayo kunye nokubhaliweyo okungcono. Ayinakuxoxa ityala lemfazwe ibe bububi obukhulu kunobunye ububi, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo bubonisa ubungqina bokuba imfazwe imbi kakhulu. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba kulo mzuzu wezoyikiso zezixhobo zenyukliya, sinokuqwalasela ityala elisekwe ngaphambili.
Nangona kunjalo into yokuba sisemngciphekweni omkhulu we-apocalypse yenyukliya isenokungabi namdla okanye ishukumise abanye abantu ngendlela imeko eyenziwe ngayo kule ncwadi.
Ewe, iiHedges zinyanisekile malunga nobubi bamacala omabini emfazwe yaseUkraine, enqabileyo kakhulu kwaye inokwenza uninzi lwabafundi abacengayo okanye ithintele uninzi lwabafundi ukuba bangene kakhulu kwincwadi yakhe-eya kuba shame.
IiHedges ziqaqambile kuhanahaniso oluphezulu lukarhulumente wase-US kunye namajelo eendaba.
Ukwabalasele kumava amagqala emfazwe ase-US, kunye nokubandezeleka okumasikizi kunye nokuzisola uninzi lwabo abanalo.
Le ncwadi ikwanamandla kwiinkcazelo zayo zonyaka olihlazo, omdaka, nolizothe kunye nevumba lemfazwe. Oku kuchasene nokuthandana kwemfazwe exhaphake kakhulu kwiTV nakwizikrini zekhompyuter.
Kuyoyikeka kwakhona ekuthetheni intsomi yokuba ukuthatha inxaxheba emfazweni kwakha isimilo, nasekubhentsiseni ukuzukiswa kwenkcubeko yemfazwe. Le yincwadi echasene nokufunwa kwabantu; elinye igama liya kuba yincwadi yenyaniso-kwi-recruiting.
Sifuna iincwadi ezilungileyo kuninzi lwamaxhoba emfazwe anamhlanje angenayo iyunifomu.
Le yincwadi ebhalwe ngokubanzi ngokwembono yase-US. Umzekelo:
“Imfazwe esisigxina, echaze i-United States ukusukela kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, icima iintshukumo zedemokhrasi. Ithoba inkcubeko ibe yicant yobuzwe. Ithoba isidima kwaye yonakalise imfundo kunye namajelo eendaba kwaye yonakalisa uqoqosho. Amandla enkululeko, edemokhrasi, anikwe uxanduva lokugcina uluntu oluvulekileyo, ayaphelelwa ngamandla.”
Kodwa kwakhona ukujonga kwezinye iindawo zehlabathi. Umzekelo:
“Yaba kukuwohloka kwemfazwe esisigxina, kungekhona ubuSilamsi, eyabulala imibutho ekhululekileyo neyedemokhrasi kwilizwe lama-Arabhu, leyo yayinesithembiso esikhulu ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini kumazwe anjengeYiputa, iSiriya, iLebhanon neIran. Yimfazwe esisigxina ephelisa izithethe zenkululeko kwaSirayeli naseUnited States.”
Ndiyongeza le ncwadi kuluhlu lwam lweencwadi ezicetyiswayo malunga nokupheliswa kwemfazwe (jonga ngezantsi). Ndenza njalo kuba, nangona le ncwadi ingakhankanyi ukubhangiswa, kwaye umbhali wayo unokuchasa, oku kubonakala kum njengencwadi enceda ukuba ityala lipheliswe. Ayithethi nto ilungileyo ngemfazwe. Inikela izizathu ezininzi ezinamandla zokuphelisa imfazwe. Ithi “imfazwe isoloko ingendawo,” yaye “akukho mfazwe ilungileyo. Akukho nanye. Oku kuquka iMfazwe Yehlabathi II, eye yahlanjululwa yaza yenziwa intsomi ukubhiyozela ubugorha baseMelika, ubunyulu nokulunga.” Kwaye kwakhona: "Imfazwe ihlala isibetho esinye. Inika intsholongwane ebulalayo efanayo. Isifundisa ukuba sibukhanyele ubuntu bomnye umntu, ukuxabiseka, ukuba, kunye nokubulala nokubulawa.”
Ngoku, ndiyazi ukuba i-Hedges, kwixesha elidlulileyo, ikhusela iimfazwe ezithile, kodwa ndincoma incwadi, kungekhona umntu, ngaphantsi komntu kuwo onke amanqaku ngexesha (ngokuqinisekileyo ndingenam kuzo zonke iindawo ngexesha). Kwaye ndiyazi ukuba kule ncwadi iHedges ibhala "Imfazwe yokuQala, nokuba ise-Iraq okanye eUkraine, lulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe," ngokungathi ezinye iintlobo zeemfazwe azinakuba "lulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe." Yaye ubhekisela “kwimfazwe yolwaphulo-mthetho yogonyamelo” ngokungathi imfazwe yento ethile inokukhuseleka ngokokuziphatha. Kwaye ude aquke oku: “Kwakungekho ngxoxo malunga noxolo kumagumbi angaphantsi eSarajevo xa sasibethwa ngamakhulu amagobolondo aseSerbia ngosuku naphantsi komlilo othe rhoqo womloli. Kwakusengqiqweni ukusikhusela isixeko. Kwakusengqiqweni ukubulala okanye ukubulawa.”
Kodwa ubhala oko njengokukhokelela ekuchazeni imiphumo emibi yaloo mfazwe “ebenengqiqo.” Kwaye andiqondi ukuba ummeli wokuchitha yonke imikhosi kufuneka akhanyele ukuba iyavakala. Ndicinga ukuba nawuphi na umntu okanye iqela labantu eliphantsi kohlaselo ngalo mzuzu, ngokulungiselela iqanda okanye uqeqesho kwinkcaso yoluntu olungaxhomekanga, kodwa uninzi lwezixhobo lunokucinga ukuba ukuzikhusela ngobundlobongela kuyavakala. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba akufuneki sikhuphe yonke idola ngaphandle kwamalungiselelo emfazwe kwaye sibeke ezinye zazo kumalungiselelo okhuselo olulungelelanisiweyo olungaxhomekanga.
Nalu uluhlu olukhulayo:
UKUBHALA KWEMPAHLA YOKUBHALA:
Obona bubi bukhulu yimfazwe, nguChris Hedges, ngo-2022.
Ukuphelisa uBundlobongela basebuRhulumenteni: Ihlabathi eliNgaphaya kweebhombu, imida, kunye neeCages nguRay Acheson, ngo-2022.
Ngokuchasene neMfazwe: Ukwakha iNkcubeko yoXolo nguPopu Francis, 2022.
Ukuziphatha, uKhuseleko, kunye noMtshini weMfazwe: Iindleko eziyiNyaniso zoMkhosi nguNed Dobos, 2020.
Ukuqonda iMveliso yeMfazwe nguChristian Sorensen, 2020.
Akukho Mfazwe nguDan Kovalik, 2020.
Ukomelela ngoXolo: Indlela iDemilitarization eyakhokelela ngayo kuXolo kunye noLonwabo eCosta Rica, kunye nento enokufundwa lihlabathi liphela kwiSizwe esiNcinci seTropiki, nguJudith Eve Lipton kunye noDavid P. Barash, ngo-2019.
UKhuseleko loLuntu nguJørgen Johansen kunye noBrian Martin, 2019.
Ukuxhatshazwa okubandakanya: Incwadi yesiBini: Ixesha leNtshonkotha yeMelika nguMumia Abu Jamal noStephen Vittoria, i-2018.
Abenzi beendlela zoxolo: Abasindileyo bakaHiroshima nabakwaNagasaki bathetha ngu Melinda Clarke, 2018.
Ukuthintela iMfazwe nokukhuthaza uxolo: Isikhokelo sabasebenzi bezeMpilo luhlelwe nguWilliam Wiist noShelley White, i-2017.
Isicwangciso soShishino soxolo: Ukwakha ihlabathi ngaphandle kwemfazwe nguScilla Elworthy, 2017.
Imfazwe ayisoze yaphela nguDavid Swanson, 2016.
Inkqubo Yokhuseleko Yomhlaba Wonke: Inye indlela eya kwiMfazwe by World Beyond War, 2015, 2016, 2017.
Icandelo elinamandla malunga neMfazwe: Yiyiphi iMelika elahlekile kwiklasi ye-US History kunye nento thina (sonke) esinokuyenza ngoku nguKathy Beckwith, 2015.
Imfazwe: Ulwaphulo-mthetho loLuntu nguRoberto Vivo, 2014.
Ukubuyiselwa kwamaKatolika kunye nokuPhelelwa kweMfazwe nguDavid Carroll Cochran, 2014.
Imfazwe kunye nokuxhamla: Uvavanyo olubalulekileyo nguLaurie Calhoun, 2013.
Shift: Ukuqala kweMfazwe, ukuphela kweMfazwe nguJudith Hand, 2013.
Akukho Mfazwe: I-Case for Abolition nguDavid Swanson, 2013.
Isiphelo War nguJohn Horgan, 2012.
Utshintsho kuxolo nguRussell Faure-Brac, i-2012.
Ukususela kwiMfazwe kuya kuXolo: Isikhokelo KuMinyaka Eminyaka Ezayo nguKent Shifferd, 2011.
Imfazwe Lixoki nguDavid Swanson, 2010, 2016.
Ngaphaya kweMfazwe: Ubungakanani Bokuba Ubuntu Bokuthula nguDouglas Fry, 2009.
Ukuphila Ngaphandle Kwemfazwe nguWinslow Myers, 2009.
Ukuchithwa kwegazi eligcweleyo: Izixazululo ezili-101 zoBundlobongela, uloyiko, kunye neMfazwe nguMary-Wynne Ashford noGuy Dauncey, ka-2006.
Isijikelezi-langa soMhlaba: Isixhobo semfazwe sakutshanje nguRosalie Bertell, 2001.
Amakhwenkwe aya kuba ngamakhwenkwe: Ukwaphula ikhonkco phakathi koBudoda kunye Ubundlobongela nguMyriam Miedzian, ngo-1991.
