NgoPat Elder, ngoMeyi 29, 2019
Sen. John Barrasso (R-WY), uSihlalo weKomiti yeKomiti ye-Senate yaseMelika kwiMicimbi yoLuntu kunye neMisebenzi yoLuntu, unamandla amakhulu ekuqulunqeni umthetho malunga nokulawulwa kwezinto ezifayo kunye ne-polyalkalkyl (PFAS). Barrasso yiSenate ummkeli ophezulu wemali kumashishini ekhemikhali kunye nerekhodi elide elikhulayo lokukhuthaza iimfuno zoshishino.
Barrasso Kwakhona indoda yePentagon. Uchasene nokujongana nazo zonke iikhemikhali ze-PFAS njengeklasi. Ukwenza oko kunokunciphisa umkhosi wekhnoloji yokwenza i-teknoloji abayithethayo kubalulekile kwimisebenzi yabo. I-PFAS yiyona isithako esisebenzayo kwimilenze yokulwa nomlilo esetyenziswe ngumkhosi ngexesha lokuzivocavoca komlilo kwiziseko zempi. I-foam ye-carcinogenic ivumelekile ukuba ingene emhlabathini ukuze ityhefu yamanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kunye neendlela zokuhambisa amanzi. Akukho nto inokufaka umlilo oshisa kakhulu oshisa i-petroleum njengeFPAS-laced foam.
Ingqondo yomthetho oqhelekileyo ifuna ukuba zonke iikhemikhali ze-5,000 + ze-PFAS zilawulwe ngokudibeneyo kuba zonke zibonwa zinetyhefu.
BarrassoUkuma kukhusela udidi “lwenzuzo ebantwini” boosomashishini kunye nabezomkhosi. Barrasso kunye nohlobo olutsha lwee-extremists ezinesandla esiphakamileyo eWashington zibuze ukuba ngaba abenzi bomthetho kufuneka bayithathe le ndlela kuba ulwakhiwo lwekhemikhali nganye lubonisa amanqanaba ahlukeneyo kunye neentlobo zomngcipheko kwimpilo yabantu nakwindalo esingqongileyo. Bathi inzululwazi inzima kakhulu kwaye ifuna iminyaka yokufunda ngakumbi ngaphambi kokuba kwenziwe imithetho - ukuba ibonwa iyimfuneko.
Barrasso ikwavakalise ukungabaza malunga nomthetho onokuthi "uthathe icala lenkqubo yokwenza umthetho esetyenziselwa ukuvavanya umngcipheko" onxulunyaniswa neekhemikhali phantsi kwemithetho ekhoyo yendalo. “ICongress iseke ezi nkqubo zomthetho kumashumi eminyaka eyadlulayo. Ikholelwa ekubeni ii-arhente zombuso zikwindawo engcono yokuvavanya inzululwazi emva kolawulo lweekhemikhali, utshilo. INguqulelo: Inzululwazi zizinto ezoyikisayo kwaye siyazi ukuba abanye kwiCongress bafuna ukubetha impempe kwiqela lethu elenza ingeniso ngenkxalabo yempilo yoluntu kunye nokusingqongileyo, kungoko ke kungcono ukuba abo bangekhoyo kwezenzululwazi abakhethwe nguTrump bathathe izigqibo ngaphandle kwemithwalo enzima yenzululwazi. .
Ezinye zezomthetho zifaka izigwebo ezinqamlekileyo ze-Superfund kunye nemimiselo kwi-polluters, into eyoyikisa i-elite. Barrasso kunye nomkhosi wakhe weengqungquthela ezinobungqina kwiindawo zombini zesiteleka zithi ukubeka iimpazamo ze-Superfund bekungekho sikweni kuba urhulumente kunye nezoshishino baye basebenzisa le makhemikhali ngokholo oluhle. Oku kungcolileyo. Nangona bengalokothi bakhulume ngemikhosi yempi, nasi ingxabano: "Ii-airports zethu zelizwe, ii-refineries kunye nabanye basebenzisa umthamo womlilo oqukethe i-PFAS ukwenzela ukukhusela abasebenzi kunye noluntu jikelele." Barrasso ngokuqhelekileyo isebenzisa izenzi zentsuku ezedlulileyo ukuchaza ukungcola okuqhubekayo.
Sihlalo BarrassoIindawo zokuthetha zibandakanya abanye abantu abangaphezulu. Uthi "abagqibezeli bentsimbi" (uguqulo: F-35's, njl.) Basebenzisa i-PFAS "ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa komoya kunye nokuchaphazeleka kwabasebenzi kwizinyithi ezinzima." Ukukhusela isenzo somkhosi sokungcolisa uluntu olumelwane, Barrasso uthi, "Izityalo zonyango lwamanzi angcolileyo kunye neepropati zomhlaba zazingenalwazi ngabamkeli beekhemikhali" ngoko akufanele baxinzelelwe yimimiselo emitsha. "
Barrasso, ewe, kuphuma uhlanza olunobundlobongela kunye nesifo sohudo esinegazi esithintekayo ngabantu, uthi, iColoric Springs kufuphi nePeterson Air Force Base abaye besela amanzi e-PFAS anetyhefu kwiminyaka eyi-20. Liyinyaniso engathandekiyo.
Nantsi ingqungquthela yomthetho osalindelekileyo kwi-Senate:
S. 638 Ingafuna ukuba i-EPA ichonge into nganye kunye ne-polyfluoroalkyl njengezinto ezinobungozi phantsi koMthetho oBanzi wokuPhendula, iMbuyekezo kunye noTyala ka-1980. (CERCLA-Superfund). I-CERCLA yenye yezona ziqwengana zowiso-mthetho zesizwe kuba icacisa ngamandla iimfuno zomdibaniso nezomkhosi kwezesayensi ezisingqongileyo kunye nezempilo.
I-638 iya kuba phuhliso oluhle kuba luya kudala inqanaba elingcolileyo le-PFAS eliza kukhaba ngamanyathelo amiselweyo, kuquka neefayili ezininzi zokungathobeli. Akukho nanye kulapho ekhoyo ngoku! I-3M, i-Chemours kunye neDuPont zichasene ngokunyanisekileyo kuba ziya kutshabalalisa umgca wazo ophantsi.
Eli bhili-mali lingavumela ukuba umkhosi uthathe ibango, "umzimela olawulayo" kwaye unqabe yonke imigaqo emitsha. Lo mbuzo ochaphazelekayo kumaprofesa omthetho siseko, u-J. Jamie Raskin, (D-MD-8), nangona umkhosi ubonakala uphumelela kulo mgca ngoku ukukhusela kwawo kwiimeko ezinxulumene namazwe amaninzi.
S. 1507 -Ibhili yokubandakanya izinto ezithile ze-perfluoroalkyl kunye ne-polyfluoroalkyl kwi-Toxics Release Inventory, kunye nezinye iinjongo.
Akukho ncwadana yale bhili-mali, nangona ingaba yongeza malunga ne-200 PFAS kwi-Toxics Release Release, ngokutsho Ngaphakathi kwe-EPA. Uluhlu lweToxics Release Inventory (TRI) sisixhobo sokufunda malunga nokukhutshwa kweekhemikhali eziyityhefu kunye nemisebenzi yothintelo longcoliseko echazwe ngamashishini nakwimanyano. Eli linyathelo eliqhelekileyo lokuqonda kwicala elifanelekileyo nangona isilela ukongeza zonke i-5,000 + eziyingozi kwiikhemikhali zePFAS kwi-inventri. Ukuba upasile, kufuneka ubandakanye umlinganiso wokuhlengahlengisa ukongezwa kwezinye iikhemikhali zePFAS.
Abafundi mabaqonde ukuba into enzima kakhulu xa iikhemistani zakha iminyango enamandla yamathambo e-khabhoni ejikelezwe ngama-athomu e-fluor aneziphelo ezahlukeneyo. Iikhemikhali zilahla igrisi kunye nentlaka kunye nomlilo ongcono kunanoma yini. Nangona bengazange baphule kwizinto zendalo kwaye bayihlambela izinto eziphilayo ngonaphakade, bazuza ukulungiselela ukulwa.
S 1473 -Umthetho osayilwayo wokulungisa umThetho waManzi okusela aKhuselekileyo ofuna ukuba uMlawuli we-Arhente yokuKhuselwa kokusiNgqongileyo abeke amanqanaba aphezulu ongcoliseko kwiikhemikhali ezithile, kunye nezinye iinjongo.
Akukho ncwadana yale bhili, mhlawumbi.
Le yinye enye imfuneko, imilinganiselo yokuqonda. Kuya kufuna ukuba i-EPA ibeke umgangatho wamanzi wokusela wamanzi, onyanzelekileyo we-PFAS iminyaka emibili emva kokumiselwa. Kule ngongoma, nge-EPA ngasemva, akukho nongamela kweso sigaba seekhemikhali.
Amaninzi amaninzi, ekuqapheliseni i-vacuum kwinqanaba le-federal, baye bamisela amanqanaba abo angcolileyo. U-New Jersey, umzekelo, usethe i-MCL ye-20 ppt. i-PFAS kumanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kunye namanzi okusela. Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba aqhelekileyo asetyenziselwa ukusela amanzi eNew Jersey nasezweni lonke.
Ukuqhuba ikhaya kwikota yesizwe se-Alexandria. I-Louisiana, kufuphi ne-England Air Force Base (evala iminyaka eyi-28 eyadlulayo) ikhona i-10,900,000 ppt ye-PFAS kumanzi angaphantsi komhlaba kwaye kukho abantu abahlala kufuphi naloo siseko kunye nemithombo.
Oxhalabisayo nge-S 1473 kukuba i-MCL ingasungulwa kwizinga eliphezulu lokukhusela impilo yabantu. Emva koko, i-Harvard yezempilo yoluntu ishicilelwe ukuthi i-1 ppt ye-PFAS emanzini okusela ayingozi.
S 1251 - Umthetho-osazisiweyo wokuphucula kunye nokulungelelanisa amanyathelo omanyano kunye nokubonelela ngoncedo ekubhekiseleleni kwimingeni yempilo yomphakathi eyenziwa ngamanzi angcolileyo kunye nezinye iinjongo.
Ukuqokelela idatha ekujonganeni nezihlambululi ezikulindele izigqibo nguMlawuli we-EPA kuthatha iminyaka emininzi kwaye kufumaneka idatha kwezinye izichasi ezilindele ukugwetyelwa kwezigqibo zingathatha isizukulwana. Lo mlinganiselo wengqiqo oqhelekileyo uya kunceda izenzo zentlangano kunye nokuncedisa amazwe ekuphenduleni inkathazo yempilo yoluntu.
S. 950 -Ukufuna uMlawuli woPhononongo lweJografi lwaseMelika ukuba enze uvavanyo lwelizwe lonke lweekhompawundi, kunye nezinye iinjongo.
Le nto inengqiqo, nayo. Iyabona ukuba ilizwe lijongene nosongelo lwezempilo njengoko kungekho nanye kwimbali yalo.
S 1372 -Ukukhuthaza iiarhente zombuso ukuba zingene ngokukhawuleza okanye zilungise izivumelwano zokusebenzisana namazwe okususa kunye nokulungisa amanyathelo okulungisa ukungcola kwePFAS ekuseleni, kumphezulu, kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba nangomhlaba ongaphantsi, kunye nezinye iinjongo.
Umthetho osayilwayo ka-Sen.Debbie Stabenow uza kubamba iPentagon inoxanduva lokucoca ungcoliseko lwe-PFAS abalubekileyo. Ngaphantsi komthetho, igama elithi "indawo yombutho" libhekisa kwindawo ephantsi kolawulo lukaNobhala Wezomkhosi.
Nantsi umbhalo:
(1) NGOKUBANZI.-Ngesicelo nguburhuluneli okanye ulawulo oluphezulu lwe-Rhulumente, isebe likaRhulumente okanye i-arhente iya kusebenza ngokukhawuleza ukugqiba isivumelwano sokubambisana, okanye ukulungisa isivumelwano esisebenzayo sokubambisana, ukuvavanya, ukubeka iliso, ukususwa, kunye nokulungisa amanyathelo ukulungisa ukungcola okanye ukukhankanywa kokungcoliswa kwamanzi okusela, amanzi aphezulu, okanye amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba okanye umhlaba womhlaba okanye i-subsurface strata esuka kwiplastiki eyenziwe ngamaphilisi avela kwisibonelelo saseburhulumenteni.
(2) IMIGANGATHO YAMINYE. -Isivumelwano sokubambisana sigqityiwe okanye sichitshiyelwe phantsi kwesigatshana (1) siya kufuna indawo ephantsi kwesivumelwano sokubambisana ukudibana okanye ukugqithisa okanye ukugqithisa imimiselo elandelelanayo yale miqathango ilandelayo:
(A) Umgangatho onguNgekelo wombuso, ngokusemthethweni kuloo Mbuso, ngamanzi okusela, amanzi asemhlabeni, okanye amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba okanye umhlaba womhlaba okanye i-subsurface strata, njengoko kufunwa phantsi kwecandelo 121 (d) yoMthetho wokuPhathwa kweMvelo, iMbuyekezo kunye noXanduva lweNdalo. 1980 (42 USC 9621 (d)).
(B) Umcebisi wezezempilo phantsi kwecandelo 1412 (b) (1) (F) yoMthetho woManzi oPhuzekileyo wokuNwa (42 USC 300g-1 (b) (1) (F)).
(C) Nayiphi na imilinganiselo yaseburhulumenteni, imfuno, umlinganiselo, okanye umda, kuquka umgangatho oqhelekileyo, umqathango, umqathango okanye umda okhutshwe phantsi kwe-
(i) UMthetho wokuLawula iziMpawu eziTyhusi (15 USC 2601 kunye neq.);
(ii) UMthetho wamanzi oNgcilisayo wokuNwa (42 USC 300f kunye neq.);
(iii) UMthetho woMoya ococekileyo (42 USC 7401 kunye neq.);
(iv) UMthetho woLawulo loNgcoliseko lwamanzi (i-33 USC 1251 kunye neq.);
(v) UMyalelo woKhuseleko lwaManzi, uPhando, kunye noMthetho we-Sanctuaries Act we-1972 (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-"Sea Dumping Act") (33 USC 1401 kunye neq.); okanye
(vi) UMthetho weNkunkuma yokuLawulwa kweNkunkuma (42 USC 6901 kunye neq.).
Ngoku, kuninzi ukuthatha - kodwa kubambe iinyawo zePentagon kwigwebu lokulwa nomlilo. Kuya kuthetha, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuba i-DOD kuya kufuneka ithobele umthetho waseNew Mexico okanye waseMichigan, kunokuba idanyaze umnwe ophakathi "olawulayo". Umthetho ocetywayo unokufuna amashumi ezigidi zeedola zomdibaniso- kwaye mhlawumbi nangaphezulu. Lixesha lokonyuka. Kufuneka sikhusele impilo yabantu abasesichengeni.
Uxolo, ubulungisa bezenhlalakahle, impilo kunye nabasebenzi bezemvelo kufuneka baqaphele. I-1372 iphakathi kwezona zinto zibalulekileyo zomthetho wendalo kwimbali yesizwe. Amakhulu eziseko zemikhosi e-US kunye neenxa zonke zehlabathi ziyaqhubeka zihlambela abasebenzi basezempi kunye noluntu olukufutshane.
Nangona Iimali ezimalunga ne-PFAS ezinxulumene nazo esanda kuziswa kwiNdlu, yiSeneti ephethe amakhadi, kunye noJohn Barrasso ungumgcini wesango.
Iindlu zeNdlu zifaka uluhlu oluninzi lweemimiselo, kubandakanywa nokuvinjelwa kokutshabalalisa iichiza, okwangoku, kungabandakanywa kwiibhili eziqwalaselwa yi-Senate. Naphezu kweempembelelo zempilo ezimbi, umkhosi uyaqhubeka ukutshabalalisa i-toxins kuba yindlela elula kakhulu neyona ebiza kakhulu yokulahla i-PFAS. Amagunya asekuhlaleni asekuhlaleni anyanzelekile ukuba atshise i-PFAS-laced ye-sludge ye-sludge kuba ityhefu umhlaba, amanzi angaphantsi komhlaba, kunye namanzi angaphezulu apho usasazeka kwiindawo zasemapulazini.
Inye-ntlawulo yeNdlu yayiza kubonelela ngeedola zombuso kwiinkqubo zamanzi zikamasipala ezingenakukhusela impilo kwi-carcinogenic attack. Omnye uza kubeka iifizi kwi-PFAS abakhiqizi ukuhlawula iindleko ezinkulu kakhulu ezijongene namagosa ngamanzi kulo lonke ilizwe. Sekunjalo, enye ibhilikhwe yayiza kuseka inkqubo yokuzithandela yokuba i-cookware ibhalwe ngokuthi "PFAS-iphephile." Kucacile ukuba ibhilikhi ayihambeli ngokwaneleyo. ICongress kufuneka ivalwe izinto ngokuthe ngqo!
Ibhilikhwe ebalulekileyo inokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kobuhlungu be-carcinogenic by firefighters. Imilinganiselo yeCarcer phakathi kweli nqanaba kuluntu liphakathi kwezona zizwe ziphezulu.
Ngoko, kutheni i-EPA ingenzi umsebenzi wayo?
Impendulo kukuba i-fox iyalinda i-henhouse. Bona abaphi abadlali abakhulu kwi-EPA:
- Umlawuli u-Andrew Wheeler wayengumlindi wamandla kumsebenzi wakhe.
- U-Erik Baptist ungumqeshwa okhuselekileyo wemichiza ovela kwi-American Petroleum Institute.
- UPeter Wright, ummeli waseDow Chemical, ngoku uqhuba inkqubo ye-Superfund yokucoca
- UDavid Dunlap, isekela lika-EPA ofisi yokuphanda, wayeyigosa le-Koch Industries.
- USteven Cook, intloko yeqela leqela le-EPA le-Superfund, waba ngumcebisi oyintloko kwiiplastiki kunye ne-goliath yamachiza iLyondell Basell Industries.
Umtyunjwa kaTrump ukuba asebenze kwiOfisi yoKhuseleko lweMichiza kunye noThintelo loNgcoliseko, uMichael Dourson, urhoxile ekuqwalaselweni emva kokuba kuqinisekiswe ukuba uchithe ixesha elininzi lomsebenzi wakhe ekhusela izaphuli-mthetho ezisityhefu, ngelixa sizama ukutshabalalisa i-EPA. UDourson usebenze isiseko sophando esixhaswe yiDuPont, Monsanto kunye neAmerican Chemistry Council. Wathengisa i-pseudo-science yakhe kumthengi ophakamileyo. Barrasso kubhekiswa kuDourson “njengomsebenzi kawonkewonke oqeqeshiweyo, onamava, nozinikeleyo.” BarrassoIkomidi yamkelekile ukuqokwa kukaDourson ngaphambi kokuba kuqhubiswe umlilo wokuxabana.
I-Pat Elder isebenza kwiBhodi yabaLawuli World BEYOND War.
