Ingxaki yeMfazwe yaseCanada

NguDavid Swanson, World BEYOND War, Juni 20, 2022
Enkosi ku World BEYOND War, WILPF, kunye ne-RootsAction yezixhobo eziluncedo.

Kutheni iKhanada ingathengi iiF-35s?

I-F-35 ayisosixhobo soxolo okanye sokhuselo lomkhosi. Yinqwelo-moya enobuqhophololo, ehlaselayo, enezixhobo zenyukliya eyenzelwe ukuhlasela ngequbuliso ekwaziyo ukusungula ngabom okanye ngempazamo okanye inyuse iimfazwe, kuquka imfazwe yenyukliya. Yenzelwe ukuhlasela izixeko, hayi ezinye iinqwelomoya.

I-F-35 sesinye sezixhobo ezinerekhodi embi kakhulu yokusilela ukwenza njengoko bekucetyiwe kwaye kufuna ukulungiswa okuxabisa kakhulu. Iyantlitheka kakhulu, ibe neziphumo ezibi kwabo bahlala kuloo ndawo. Ngelixa iijethi ezindala zenziwe nge-aluminiyam, i-F-35 yenziwe ngezinto zomkhosi ezidityanisiweyo ezinentonga efihlakeleyo ekhupha iikhemikhali eziyingozi kakhulu, amasuntswana, kunye neentsinga xa zitshiswa. Imichiza esetyenziselwa ukucima kunye nokuziqhelanisa nokucima imililo ityhefa amanzi asekuhlaleni.

Naxa ingantlitheka, i-F-35 ivelisa ingxolo ebangela iimpembelelo ezimbi zempilo kunye nokuphazamiseka kwengqondo (umonakalo wobuchopho) kubantwana abahlala kufutshane neziseko apho abaqhubi beenqwelomoya baqeqeshelwa ukuyibhabha. Yenza ukuba izindlu ezikufutshane nezikhululo zeenqwelo moya zingakulungelanga ukusetyenziswa kwindawo yokuhlala. Izinto ezikhutshwayo zezona zingcolisa indalo.

Ukuthenga loo mveliso yoyikekayo ngokuthobela uxinzelelo lwase-US kwenza iCanada ithobele urhulumente wase-US ophambeneyo. I-F-35 idinga unxibelelwano lwesathelayithi yase-US, kunye ne-US/Lockheed-Martin ukulungiswa, ukuphuculwa, kunye nokugcinwa. ICanada iya kulwa iimfazwe ezindlongondlongo zangaphandle ezifunwa yi-US, okanye akukho mfazwe kwaphela. Ukuba i-US yayinokumisa ngokufutshane unikezelo lwamatayara ejethi ukuya eSaudi Arabia, imfazwe yaseYemen yayiza kupheliswa ngokufanelekileyo, kodwa iSaudi Arabia iyaqhubeka nokuthenga izixhobo, ide ihlawulele iofisi yase-US yabathengisi bezixhobo abasebenza ngokusisigxina eSaudi Arabia ukuyithengisa ngakumbi izixhobo. . Kwaye i-US igcina amatayara esiza ngelixa ethetha ngoxolo. Ngaba olo lwalamano lufunwa yiCanada?

I-19 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi zokuthenga i-88 F-35s itsibela kwi-77 yeebhiliyoni zeerandi kwisithuba seminyaka nje ngokongeza kwiindleko zokusebenza, ukugcina, kunye nokulahla izinto ezimbi, kodwa iindleko ezongezelelweyo zingabalwa.

Kutheni iKhanada ingathenganga naziphi na iijethi zokulwa?

Injongo yeejethi zokulwa (yayo nayiphi na i-brand) kukulahla iibhombu kunye nokubulala abantu (kwaye okwesibini kuphela ukuba inkwenkwezi kwiifilimu zokugaya zaseHollywood). Isitokhwe sangoku saseKhanada seejethi zokulwa zeCF-18 zichithe amashumi ambalwa eminyaka edlulileyo ziqhushumbisa iIraq (1991), Serbia (1999), Libya (2011), Syria and Iraq (2014-2016), kunye neenqwelomoya ezivusa inkanuko kumda weRussia (2014- 2021). Olu phulo lubulale, lwenzakalise, lwenza umonzakalo, lushiye abantu abangenamakhaya, kwaye benza iintshaba zabantu abaninzi. Akukho nanye kule misebenzi eye yanceda abo bakufutshane nayo, abo bahlala eCanada, okanye eluntwini, okanye eMhlabeni.

UTom Cruise wathetha oku kwiminyaka engama-32 eyadlulayo kwihlabathi elineminyaka engama-32 embalwa yomkhosi womkhosi oqhelekileyo: “Kulungile, abanye abantu babevakalelwa kukuba. Top Gun yayiyifilimu yephiko lasekunene ukukhuthaza uMkhosi waManzi. Kwaye abaninzi abantwana bayayithanda. Kodwa ndifuna ukuba abantwana bazi ukuba ayisiyiyo indlela imfazwe leyo—ukuba iTop Gun yayiluhambo nje lwepaki yokonwabisa, ifilimu eyonwabisayo enomlinganiselo wePG-13 obungamele ukuba yinyani. Yiyo loo nto ndingazange ndiqhubeke ndenze iTop Gun II kunye neye-III kunye ne-IV kunye ne-V. Oko bekuya kuba kukungakhathali.

I-F-35 (kakhulu njengayo nayiphi na enye ijethi yokulwa) itshisa iilitha ezingama-5,600 zamafutha ngeyure kwaye inokufa emva kweeyure ezingama-2,100 kodwa ifanele ukubhabha iiyure ezingama-8,000 oko kuya kuthetha ukutshisa iilitha ezingama-44,800,000 zamafutha ejethi. Ipetroli yeJet imbi kakhulu kwimozulu kunento etshiswe yimoto, kodwa ngokwexabiso layo, ngo-2020, iilitha ezili-1,081 zepetroli zathengiswa eCanada ngesithuthi ngasinye esibhalisiweyo, okuthetha ukuba unokuthatha iimoto ezingama-41,443 endleleni unyaka okanye ubuyise. enye F-35 ngenzuzo elinganayo kuMhlaba, okanye ukubuyisela zonke 88 F-35s eziya kulingana ukuthatha 3,646,993 izithuthi ezindleleni Canada unyaka - nto leyo phezu 10% yezithuthi ezibhalisiweyo e Canada.

Nge-11 yeebhiliyoni zeedola ngonyaka unokubonelela ngehlabathi ngamanzi okusela acocekileyo. Ngeebhiliyoni ezingama-30 zeedola ngonyaka unokuphelisa indlala eMhlabeni. Ke, ukuchitha i-19 yeebhiliyoni zeedola koomatshini bokubulala kuqala ngokungayisebenzisi apho ifuneka khona. Ngeebhiliyoni ezili-19 zeerandi, iKhanada inokuba nezikolo zamabanga aphantsi ezingama-575 okanye iiphaneli zesola ezingama-380,000, okanye ezinye izinto ezininzi ezixabisekileyo neziluncedo. Kwaye impembelelo yezoqoqosho imbi kakhulu, kuba inkcitho yasemkhosini (nokuba imali ibihlala eCanada kunokuba iye eMaryland) idonsa uqoqosho kwaye inciphisa imisebenzi kunokunyusa uqoqosho kunye nokongeza imisebenzi njengoko ezinye iintlobo zenkcitho zisenza.

Ukuthenga iijethi kuthatha imali ekulungiseni iingxaki zokuwohloka kwendalo, umngcipheko weentlekele zenyukliya, ubhubhani wezifo, ukungabi namakhaya, kunye nentlupheko, kwaye ibeka loo mali kwinto engenakuzikhusela kwaphela kuyo nayiphi na kwezi zinto okanye ngokuchasene nemfazwe. I-F-35 inokuxhokonxa iziqhushumbisi zabanqolobi okanye imijukujelwa kodwa ingenzi nto ukubanqanda.

Kutheni iKhanada ingathenganga naziphi na izixhobo?

Owayesakuba nguSekela Mphathiswa weSizwe obizwa ngokuba nguKhuseleko uCharles Nixon uthe iCanada ayifuni naziphi na iijethi zokulwa kuba ayijongani nesisongelo esithembekileyo kwaye iijethi azikho mfuneko yokukhusela ilizwe. Oku kuyinyani, kodwa kuyinyani nakwiziseko zaseCanada ezixelisa i-US eJamaica, eSenegal, eJamani, naseKuwait, kwaye iyinyani kuninzi lomkhosi waseCanada ngokwemiqathango yawo.

Kodwa xa sifunda ngembali yemfazwe kunye nobutshantliziyo obungenabundlobongela, sifumanisa ukuba nokuba iCanada ijongene nesoyikiso esithembekileyo, umkhosi awuyi kuba sesona sixhobo silungileyo sokuyilungisa - enyanisweni, imingcipheko yasemkhosini idala isoyikiso esithembekileyo apho kukho. akukho nanye. Ukuba iCanada ifuna ukuvelisa ubutshaba behlabathi ngendlela umkhosi wase-US owenze ngayo, kufuneka iqhubeke ixelisa ummelwane wayo osemazantsi.

Kubalulekile ukoyisa nayiphi na inkohliso yokuba ubupolisa behlabathi jikelele kunye nezixhobo ezikhanyayo zokuhlangula ngokuqhushumba kwabantu okanye ukuxhobisa okubizwa ngokuba kukugcina uxolo kuyaxatyiswa okanye yidemokhrasi. Ugcino-xolo olungaxhomekanga alungqinekanga lusebenza ngakumbi kunoguqulelo oluxhobileyo (bukela ifilim ebizwa Amasosha ngaphandle kwezibhamu kwintshayelelo yogcino-xolo olungaxhobekanga), kodwa ikwaxatyiswa ngabantu apho yenziwa khona kunokuba kube ngabantu abakude kuphela eyenziwa egameni labo. Andazi malunga novoto eCanada, kodwa e-US abantu abaninzi bacinga ngeendawo iibhombu zase-US kunye nokuhlasela ukuze babe nombulelo ngayo, ngelixa uvoto kwezo ndawo lucebisa ngokuchaseneyo.

Lo mfanekiso wenxalenye yewebhusayithi worldbeyondwar.org. Loo maqhosha anxibelelana neengcaciso zokuba kutheni iimfazwe zingenasihlahla nokuba kutheni kufuneka kupheliswe imfazwe. Abanye babo batsalela kuphando oluye lwabonisa ukuba izenzo ezingezozabundlobongela, kubandakanywa nohlaselo kunye nemisebenzi kunye nobhukuqo-mbuso, zibonakalise impumelelo enkulu, kunye nezo mpumelelo zihlala zihlala ixesha elide, kunoko kuphunyezwe lugonyamelo.

Inkalo yokufunda yonke—yokulwela ubutshantliziyo, idiplomacy, intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye nomthetho, ukuthotywa kwezixhobo, kunye nokukhuselwa kwabantu abangaxhobileyo - ngokuqhelekileyo ayibandakanywa kwiincwadi zesikolo kunye neengxelo zeendaba zenkampani. Sifanele sazi ukuba iRussia ayizange ihlasele iLithuania, iLatvia, kunye ne-Estonia ngenxa yokuba ngamalungu e-NATO, kodwa singazi ukuba loo mazwe akhuphe umkhosi waseSoviet esebenzisa izixhobo ezincinci eziziswa nguMelika wakho kuhambo lokuthenga. Inyani akukho sixhobo konke konke, ngamatanki ajikeleze ngokungenabundlobongela kunye nokucula. Kutheni ingaziwa into engaqhelekanga nemangalisayo? Lukhetho olwenzelwe thina. Iqhinga kukwenza ukhetho lwethu malunga nento esingayaziyo, exhomekeke ekufumaneni into ekhoyo sifunde kwaye sixelele abanye.

Kutheni iKhanada ingathengiseli naziphi na izixhobo?

Ukuthengisa ngezixhobo yinto ehlekisayo. Ngaphandle kweRashiya ne-Ukraine, phantse azikho naziphi na izizwe emfazweni nazo izizwe ezenza izixhobo. Enyanisweni, izixhobo ezininzi ziphuma kumazwe ambalwa kakhulu. ICanada ayikho enye yazo, kodwa isondele ekungeneni kwizikhundla zabo. ICanada yindawo ye-16 enkulu kumazwe angaphandle kwezixhobo. Kwi-15 enkulu, i-13 ingamaqabane aseCanada kunye ne-US Abanye oorhulumente abacinezelayo kunye neentshaba ezizayo ukuba iCanada ithengise izixhobo kwiminyaka yamuva nje: Afghanistan, Angola, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Egypt, Jordan, Kazakhstan. , Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Turkey, Turkmenistan, UAE, Uzbekistan, kunye neVietnam. I-Aping i-United States kwinqanaba elincinci kakhulu, iCanada yenza into yayo kumlo wedemokhrasi ngokuqinisekisa ukuba iintshaba zayo zinentaphane yezixhobo ezibulalayo. I-Saudi Arabia ikhokele imfazwe e-Yemen ngeli xesha ngaphezu kwamaxesha e-10 abantu abenzakeleyo njengemfazwe yase-Ukraine, nokuba ingaphantsi kwe-10 yeepesenti kumajelo eendaba.

I-Canada yona ngokwayo i-13th ichitha imali enkulu kwi-militarism emhlabeni, kwaye i-10 ye-12 enkulu idibanisa. Kwinkcitho yasemkhosini ngomntu ngamnye iCanada yi-22nd, kwaye zonke ezingama-21 kwezingama-21 eziphezulu zingamahlakani. IKhanada ikwangowe-21st omkhulu ongenisa izixhobo wase-US, kwaye zonke ezingama-20 kwezingama-20 ezinkulu zingamahlakani. Kodwa ngelishwa iCanada ingoyena mamkeli mkhulu we-131 woncedo lwasemkhosini wase-US. Oku kubonakala njengobudlelwane obubi. Mhlawumbi linokufunyanwa igqwetha lamazwe ngamazwe loqhawulo-mtshato.

Ngaba iKhanada ngunopopi?

ICanada ithatha inxaxheba kwiimfazwe ezininzi ezikhokelwa yi-US kunye nokubhukuqa. Ngokwesiqhelo indima yaseCanada incinci kangangokuba umntu akanakucinga ukuba ukususwa kwakhe kwenza umahluko omkhulu, ngaphandle kokuba ifuthe lomgaqo yenye yeentetho. I-United States incinci kwisidima kubo bonke abalingane abenza amaqabane amancinci abarhuqayo. I-Canada ithatha inxaxheba ngokuthembekileyo, kwaye leyo ikhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kwe-NATO kunye neZizwe eziManyeneyo njengesikhuselo solwaphulo-mthetho.

E-United States, izizathu eziqinisekileyo zokulwa emfazweni zibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuthazeni elona nani likhulu labemi elixhasa nayiphi na imfazwe, kunye nemibono yabantu edlala indima encinci. ECanada, amabango oluntu abonakala ngathi afunwa yipesenti enkulu yabantu, kwaye iCanada iphuhlise loo mabango ngokufanelekileyo, izenza ukuba ibe ngumgqugquzeli ophambili "wokugcina uxolo" njengesihlonipho sokwenza imfazwe, kunye ne-R2P (uxanduva ukukhusela) njengesizathu sokutshabalalisa iindawo ezinjengeLibya.

IKhanada yathatha inxaxheba kwimfazwe yase-Afghanistan iminyaka eli-13, kodwa yaphuma ngaphambi kokuba amanye amazwe enze njalo, nakwimfazwe yase-Iraq, nangona yayikwinqanaba elincinane. ICanada ibe yinkokeli kwezinye izivumelwano ezinje ngezi zigcayiseli, kodwa ibambelele kwabanye, njengaleyo ekuthintelweni kwezixhobo zenyukliya. Ayilolungu layo nayiphi na indawo engenanyukliya, kodwa lilungu leNkundla yoLwaphulo-mthetho yaMazwe ngaMazwe.

ICanada ichasene nempembelelo yase-US, urhwaphilizo lwezezimali lweentlobo ezininzi, iimanyano zabasebenzi ziphembelela imisebenzi yezixhobo, kunye neengxaki eziqhelekileyo zemithombo yeendaba. ICanada isebenzisa ubuzwe ngendlela engaqhelekanga ukuvelisa inkxaso yokuthatha inxaxheba kwiindlela zokubulala ezikhokelwa yi-US. Mhlawumbi sisiko lokuthatha inxaxheba kwiimfazwe ezininzi zaseBritane ezenza oku kubonakale kuqhelekile.

Abanye bethu bayayincoma iCanada ngokuba ingazange ilwe ne-Bhritane, kodwa sisalinde ukuba iphuhlise umbutho ongenabugorha wenkululeko.

Kufuneka yenze ntoni iKhanada?

URobin Williams wabiza iCanada ngokuba yindlu entle ngaphezulu kwelebhu ye-meth. Umsi uyanyuka kwaye uphumelele. ICanada ayikwazi ukuhamba, kodwa inokuvula iifestile ezithile. Inokuba neengxoxo ezinzulu nommelwane wayo okumgangatho ophantsi malunga nendlela ezizenzakalisa ngayo.

Abanye bethu bathanda ukukhumbula ukuba yintoni ummelwane olungileyo eCanada kwixesha elidlulileyo, kwaye yintoni embi e-US. Kwiminyaka emithandathu emva kokuba iBritani ifike apha eVirginia, baqesha amajoni ukuba ahlasele amaFrentshi eAcadia, ikamva lase-US elihlasela ikamva laseCanada kwakhona ngo-1690, 1711, 1755, 1758, 1775, kunye no-1812, kwaye akaze ayeke ukuxhaphaza eCanada, ngelixa. ICanada inike indawo yokusabela amakhoboka kunye nakwabo babizelwe emkhosini wase-US (nangona incinci kwiminyaka yakutshanje).

Kodwa ummelwane olungileyo akathobeli ikhoboka elingalawulekiyo. Ummelwane olungileyo uncomela ikhondo elahlukileyo aze afundise ngomzekelo. Siyifuna ngamandla intsebenziswano yehlabathi kunye notyalo-mali kokusingqongileyo, ukuthotywa kwezixhobo, uncedo lweembacu, kunye nokunciphisa intlupheko. Inkcitho yasemkhosini kunye nemfazwe zezona zithintelo kwintsebenziswano, kulawulo lomthetho, ekuphelisweni kocalucalulo kunye nentiyo, ukuphelisa iimfihlo zikarhulumente kunye nokubek'esweni, ukunciphisa kunye nokuphelisa umngcipheko we-apocalypse yenyukliya, kunye nokutshintsha. yezibonelelo apho zifuneka khona.

Ukuba imfazwe enokuthetheleleka ibinokucingeleka, bekungeke kwenzeke ukuthethelela umonakalo owenziwe ngokugcina iziko lemfazwe, ishishini lemfazwe, unyaka nonyaka. ICanada akufuneki ibambe owona mkhosi mkhulu wezixhobo kuMntla Merika minyaka le. ICanada kufuneka ibambe eyona nkomfa inkulu yoxolo engaxhomekanga ekwenzeni uxolo, hayi ngemfazwe, kodwa ngokwenza uxolo.