I-Canada kunye neArms Trade: Ukunyusa iMfazwe e-Yemen nangaphaya kwayo

NguJosh Lalonde, Okthobha 31, 2020

ukusuka UMbonisi

AIngxelo yeBhunga lamaLungelo oLuntu ye-UN Kutshanje kubizwe iCanada njengelinye lamaqela aphembelela imfazwe eqhubekayo e-Yemen ngokuthengisa izixhobo eSaudi Arabia, enye yeemfazwe.

Ingxelo yaqwalaselwa kwiindawo zeendaba zaseCanada ezinje nge Globe kunye ne-Mail kwaye CBC. Kodwa ngemithombo yeendaba exakeke sisibetho se-COVID-19 kunye nokhetho lukamongameli waseMelika- kwaye bambalwa abantu baseKhanada abanonxibelelwano lobuqu neYemen - amabali anyamalala ngokukhawuleza kwinzonzobila yomjikelo weendaba, engashiyi mpembelelo ibonakalayo kumgaqo-nkqubo waseCanada.

Uninzi lwabantu baseKhanada kusenokwenzeka ukuba abazi ukuba iKhanada ingumboneleli wesibini ngobukhulu beengalo kummandla we-Middle East, emva kwe-United States.

Ukuze uzalise umsantsa weendaba, UMbonisi Uthethe nabaphembeleli kunye nabaphandi abasebenza kurhwebo lweengalo zaseCanada naseSaudi Arabia kunye nokunxibelelana kwayo nemfazwe yaseYemen, kunye nezinye iintengiso zaseCanada eMbindi Mpuma. Eli nqaku liza kuvavanya imvelaphi yemfazwe kunye neenkcukacha zorhwebo ngeengalo zaseCanada, ngelixa ingxelo ezayo izakujonga kwimibutho yaseCanada esebenza ukuphelisa ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo.

Imfazwe eYemen

Njengazo zonke iimfazwe zamakhaya, imfazwe yaseYemen inzima kakhulu, ibandakanya amaqela amaninzi anezivumelwano eziguqukayo. Iya ibanzima nangakumbi ngumlinganiso wayo wamazwe aphesheya kunye nokulandelelana kwayo okulandelayo kuthungelwano oluxineneyo lwemikhosi yezopolitiko. "Ubumdaka" bemfazwe kunye nokungabikho kwembali elula, ecacileyo yokusetyenziswa okuxhaphakileyo kukhokelele ekubeni yimfazwe elityelweyo, eqhutyelwe kukufihlwa okuthe kratya kude namehlo eendaba zehlabathi-ngaphandle kokuba yenye yezona zinto zibulalayo emhlabeni iimfazwe.

Nangona bekusiliwa phakathi kwamaqela ahlukeneyo e-Yemen ukusukela ngo-2004, imfazwe yangoku yaqala ngoqhanqalazo lwase-Arab Spring lwango-2011. Ngo-1990. Usekela-Mongameli kaSaleh, u-Abed Rabbo Mansour Hadi, wabaleka engaphikiswa kunyulo luka-2012 lobongameli - kwaye uninzi lwendlela yolawulo lwelizwe luhleli lungatshintshanga. Oku akuzange kwanelise amaqela amaninzi aphikisayo, kubandakanya u-Ansar Allah, owaziwa njengentshukumo yeHouthi.

I-Houthis ibibandakanyeke kwiphulo lokuhlasela ngenkani kurhulumente wase-Yemeni ukusukela ngo-2004. Baye bachasa urhwaphilizo kurhulumente, babona ukungakhathalelwa komantla welizwe, kunye nokuxhasa i-US ngomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle.

Kwi-2014, i-Houthis yathimba ikomkhulu iSana'a, eyakhokelela ekubeni uHadi arhoxe kwaye abaleke ilizwe, ngelixa ama-Houthis aseka iKomiti ePhakamileyo yeNguquko eza kulawula ilizwe. Ngesicelo sikaMongameli uHadi owasuswayo, umanyano olukhokelwa yiSaudi lwaqala ungenelelo lomkhosi ngo-Matshi 2015 ukubuyisela i-Hadi kumandla kwaye iphinde ibambe ulawulo lwenkunzi. (Ukongeza i-Saudi Arabia, olu manyano lubandakanya amanye amazwe ase-Arab afana ne-United Arab Emirates, Jordan ne-Egypt,)

I-Saudi Arabia kunye nabalingane bayo bajonga intshukumo ye-Houthi njenge-proxy yase-Irani ngenxa yokholo lwe-Shi'a lweenkokheli ze-Houthi. ISaudi Arabia ijonge iintshukumo zopolitiko zeShia ngokukrokra ukusukela oko uQhushululu lwamaSilamsi lwango-1979 e-Iran lwabhukuqa uShah owayexhaswa ngurhulumente wase-US. Kukwakho negcuntswana lamaShiya eSaudi Arabia egxile kwiPhondo laseMpuma kwiPersian Gulf, ethe yabona imvukelo eyayicinezelwe kabuhlungu yimikhosi yezokhuseleko yase-Saudi Arabia.

Nangona kunjalo, iiHouthis zezesebe elingaphezulu kweShi'ism, elinganxibelelananga ngokusondeleyo neTwelver Shi'ism yelizwe laseIran. I-Iran ivakalise ubumbano kwezopolitiko kunye nentshukumo ye-Houthi, kodwa iyala ukuba ibonelele ngoncedo lomkhosi.

Ungenelelo lomkhosi olukhokelwa ngu-Saudi Arabia e-Yemen luqeshe iphulo elikhulu lokuhlaselwa ngumoya, okusoloko kubetha iithagethi ezingakhethi cala, kubandakanya ezibhedlele, imitshato, umngcwabo, yaye Zikolo. Kwesinye isiganeko esoyikekayo, ibhasi yesikolo Ukuthwala abantwana kuhambo lwentshukumo kwaqhushumiswa ngebhombu, kwabulawa ubuncinci ama-40.

Umdibaniso okhokelwa yiSaudi ukwenzile ukupheliswa kweYemen, ukuze ithi, ukuthintela iingalo ekungenisweni elizweni. Olu thintelo kwangaxeshanye luthintele ukutya, ipetroli, izinto zonyango, kunye nezinye izinto eziyimfuneko ekungeneni kweli lizwe, okukhokelela kukungondleki ngokubanzi kunye nokuqhambuka kwekholera kunye nedengue fever.

Kuwo wonke ungquzulwano, amazwe aseNtshona, ngakumbi i-US kunye ne-UK, babonelele ngenkxaso yobukrelekrele kunye nolungiselelo kumanyano-lokunyusa iinqwelomoya, umzekelo, ngelixa ukuthengisa izixhobo zomkhosi kumalungu omdibaniso. Iibhombu ezisetyenziswe kwindawo eyingozi yebhasi yesikolo yenziwe eMelika. kwaye ithengiswe eSaudi Arabia ngo-2015 phantsi kolawulo luka-Obama.

Iingxelo ze-UN zibhale onke amaqela kwimbambano esenza ukophulwa kwamalungelo oluntu-njengokuxhwilwa, ukubulala, ukungcungcuthekisa, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamajoni abantwana-kukhokelela umbutho ukuba uchaze ungquzulwano njenge Yeyona ntlekele yehlabathi yoluntu.

Ngelixa iimeko zemfazwe zisenza ukuba kube nzima ukubala ngokuchanekileyo inani lokonzakala, kuqikelelwa abaphandi Kwi-2019 ukuba ubuncinci abantu be-100,000- kubandakanya i-12,000 abahlali-babulewe ukusukela oko kwaqala imfazwe. Eli nani alibandakanyi ukusweleka ngenxa yendlala kunye nezifo ezibangelwe yimfazwe kunye nokuvalwa esinye isifundo Uqikelelo luya kufikelela kwi-131,000 ukuphela kwe-2019.

Ukuthengiswa kweArms yaseCanada eSaudi Arabia

Nangona oorhulumente baseCanada kudala besebenza ukumisela uphawu lweCanada njengelizwe elinoxolo, bobabini oorhulumente beConservative kunye neLiberal bonwabile ukwenza inzuzo emfazweni. Kwi-2019, ukuthunyelwa kweengalo zaseCanada kumazwe angaphandle kwe-US kufikelele kwirekhodi ephezulu ye- $ 3.8 yezigidigidi, ngokwe Ukuthumela kwelinye ilizwe kwimpahla yezoMkhosi ingxelo yaloo nyaka.

Ukuthumela emkhosini e-US akubalwa kwingxelo, umsantsa obonakalayo ekucaciseni kwenkqubo yokulawula ukuthunyelwa kweengalo eCanada. Kwizinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ezithunyelwe kwingxelo, iipesenti ezingama-76 zazisiya ngqo eSaudi Arabia, zizonke zazizigidi zeerandi eziyi-2.7.

Ezinye izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle ziye zaxhasa ngokungangqalanga umzamo wemfazwe wase-Saudi Arabia. Ezinye iirandi ezili-151.7 zezigidi ezithunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle eziya eBelgium zazinokuba zizithuthi ezithunyelweyo ezazithunyelwa eFrance, apho zisetyenziselwa khona qeqesha imikhosi yaseSaudi.

Uninzi lwengqwalaselo- kunye nembambano ejikeleze ukuthengiswa kweengalo zaseCanada kule minyaka idlulileyo ijolise kwi Isivumelwano se- $ 13 yezigidigidi Iinkqubo ngokubanzi zoMhlaba weDynamics Canada (GDLS-C) ukubonelela ngamawakawaka ezithuthi ezikhanyayo zokulwa (i-LAVs) eSaudi Arabia. Isivumelwano sokuqala umemezele Ngo-2014 phantsi korhulumente we-Nkulumbuso uStephen Harper. Ibiyi thethwana yiCanada Commerce Corporation, iqumrhu laseCrown elijongene nokulungisa ukuthengisa kwiinkampani zaseCanada ukuya koorhulumente bamanye amazwe. Imigaqo yesivumelwano ayikaze yenziwe ibonakale esidlangalaleni, kuba ibandakanya ukubekwa ngasese okuthintela ukupapashwa kwabo.

Urhulumente kaJustin Trudeau ekuqaleni wakhanyela uxanduva lwentengiselwano. Kodwa kwatyhilwa kamva ukuba kwi-2016-Umphathiswa Wezangaphandle u-Stéphane Dion watyikitya imvume yokugqibela efunekayo yeemvume zokuthumela ngaphandle.

UDion unike imvume nangona amaxwebhu anikezelwe ukuba atyikitye iqaphele irekhodi elingalunganga lamalungelo oluntu laseSaudi Arabia, kubandakanya "inani elichaziweyo lokubulawa kwabantu, ukucinezelwa kwezopolitiko, ukusetyenziswa kwesohlwayo sokubethwa, ukucinezelwa kwenkululeko yokuthetha, ukubanjwa ngokungenasizathu, ukuphatha kakubi amabanjwa, ukusikelwa umda kwenkululeko yenkolo, ucalucalulo nxamnye nabasetyhini kunye nokuphathwa kakubi kwabasebenzi abafudukayo. ”

Emva kokuba intatheli yase-Saudi uJamal Kashoggi ebulewe ngokumasikizi ngabasebenzi bezobuntlola base-Saudi Arabia e-Istanbul ngo-Okthobha u-2018, iGlobal Affairs Canada yamisa zonke iimvume ezintsha zokuthumela ngaphandle eSaudi Arabia. Kodwa oku akubandakanyi iimvume ezikhoyo ezibandakanya isivumelwano se-LAV. Kwaye ukunqunyanyiswa kwaphakanyiswa ngo-Epreli 2020, kuvumela izicelo ezitsha zemvume ukuba ziqhubekeke, emva kweMicimbi yeHlabathi yeCanada ethethathethane ukuba ithini ebizwa "Uphuculo olubonakalayo kwisivumelwano".

NgoSeptemba 2019, urhulumente wobumbano ni kezelwe imali-mboleko ezizigidi ezingama-650 zeedola kwi-GDLS-C nge-Akhawunti ye-Export Development Canada (i-EDC) kwi-Akhawunti yaseCanada. Ngokwe- Iwebhusayithi ye-EDC, le akhawunti isetyenziselwa "ukuxhasa ukuthengiselana kwamanye amazwe [i-EDC] engakwaziyo ukuxhasa, kodwa kugqitywe nguMphathiswa Wezorhwebo Ngamanye Amazwe ukuba abe ngumdla welizwe laseKhanada." Ngelixa izizathu zemboleko zingakhange ziboniswe esidlangalaleni, yeza emva kokuba iSaudi Arabia iphose i-1.5 yezigidigidi zeedola (i-US) kwintlawulo kwiGeneral Dynamics.

Urhulumente waseKhanada ukhusele isivumelwano se-LAV ngezizathu zokuba abukho ubungqina bokuba ii-LAVs ezenziwe eCanada zisetyenziselwa ukwenza ulwaphulo-mthetho. Ukanti a iphepha kwiLost Amour Amaxwebhu aphulukene nezithuthi ezixhobileyo e-Yemen adwelisa inqwaba yee-LAV ezisebenza e-Saudi Arabia zitshatyalaliswa e-Yemen ukusukela ngo-2015. .

Umvelisi ongaziwa kangako waseCanada wezithuthi ezixhobileyo, iTerradyne, ikwanesivumelwano semilinganiselo engaziwayo yokuthengisa izithuthi zayo zeGurkha zomkhosi eSaudi Arabia. Iividiyo ezibonisa izithuthi zikaTerradyne Gurkha ezisetyenziswa kuyo Ukucinezela imvukelo kwiPhondo laseMpuma Saudi Arabia nase Imfazwe eYemen sele ijikeleze imithombo yeendaba iminyaka eliqela.

IMicimbi yeHlabathi Canada yamisa iimvume zokuthumela ngaphandle eTuradyne Gurkhas ngoJulayi 2017 ukuphendula ukusetyenziswa kwazo kwiPhondo laseMpuma. Kodwa yabuyisela imvume ngoSeptemba waloo nyaka, emva kwayo misele Akukho bungqina bokuba iimoto bezisetyenzisile ukunyanzelisa amalungelo abantu.

UMbonisi wafikelela ku-Anthony Fenton, umfundi we-PhD kwiYunivesithi yase-York ephanda ukuthengiswa kweengalo zaseCanada kumazwe asePersian Gulf ukuba enze izimvo ngezi ziphumo. UFenton uxele kuTwitter imiyalezo ethe ngqo ukuba ingxelo yeMicimbi yeHlabathi yeLizwe laseKhanada isebenzisa "ngabom ubuxoki / akunakwenzeka ukuba kuhlangatyezwane neenqobo zokugweba" kwaye yayenzelwe nje "ukucaphukisa / ukugxeka ukugxeka."

NgokukaFenton, “amagosa aseCanada awakholelwayo amaSaudis xa enyanzelisa ukuba akukho (ukunyhashwa kwamalungelo abantu) okwenzekileyo kwaye bathi yinto yangaphakathi 'yokulwa ubugrogrisi'. Wanelisekile yile nto, u-Ottawa waphinda waqalisa ukuthunyelwa kwezithuthi. ”

Enye into engaziwayo yokuthengisa iingalo zaseCanada eSaudi Arabia ibandakanya inkampani esekwe eWinnipeg esekwe kwi-PGW yeTekhnoloji yeTekhnoloji, eyenza imipu ye-sniper. Idatabase yaseCanada yoRhwebo lweDatha (CIMTD) izintlu I-6 yezigidi zeedola kumazwe angaphandle kwe "Rifles, sporting, hunting or target-shooting" eSaudi Arabia ye-2019, nangaphezulu kwe- $ 17 yezigidi kunyaka ongaphambili. (Amanani e-CIMTD awathelekiswa nalawo athunyelwa kwamanye amazwe eengxelo zeMpahla yomkhosi ekhankanywe apha ngasentla, njengoko ayenziwe kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo.)

Kwi-2016, iHouthis e-Yemen yathumela iifoto kunye neevidiyo ekuboniseni Yintoni ebonakala ngathi yimipu ye-PGW abathi bayithathile koonogada bomda wase-Saudi. Ngo-2019, iingxelo zeArabhu zoPhando loBuntatheli (i-ARIJ) ziweyo Imipu ye-PGW isetyenziswa yimikhosi ye-pro-Hadi Yemeni, enikezelwa yi-Saudi Arabia. Ngokwe-ARIJ, iMicimbi yeHlabathi eCanada ayiphendulanga xa inikwa ubungqina bokuba umpu wawusetyenziswa eYemen.

Inani leenkampani zearospace ezinze eQuebec, kubandakanya iPratt kunye neWhitney Canada, iBombardier, kunye neBell Helicopters Textron nazo kubonelelwe ngezixhobo exabisa i-920 yezigidi zeedola kumalungu omdibaniso okhokelwa yi-Saudi ukusukela oko ungenelelo e-Yemen luqale ngo-2015. Uninzi lwezixhobo, kubandakanya neinjini ezisetyenziselwa ukulwa iinqwelomoya, azithathwa njengempahla yomkhosi phantsi kwenkqubo yolawulo lokuthumela ngaphandle eCanada. Ayifuni iimvume zokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe kwaye ayibalwa kwiNgxelo yeempahla zasemkhosini ezithunyelwa ngaphandle.

Ezinye iiNtengiso zeArms zaseCanada kuMbindi Mpuma

Amanye amazwe amabini akuMbindi Mpuma afumene ukuthunyelwa okukhulu kwempahla yasemkhosini evela eCanada e2019: I-Turkey ikwi- $ 151.4 yezigidi kunye ne-United Arab Emirates (i-UAE) kwi-36.6 yezigidi zeedola. Omabini la mazwe abandakanyeka kuthotho lweengxabano ngaphesheya koMbindi Mpuma nangaphaya.

I-Turkey kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo ibibandakanyeka kwezomkhosi Siriya, Iraq, Libya, kunye Azerbayijani.

A umbiko ngumphandi uKelsey Gallagher opapashwe ngoSeptemba liqela laseKhanada loxolo iPlowshares libhale ukusetyenziswa kwee-sensors ezenziwe eCanada ezenziwe yiL3Harris WESCAM kwi-Turkish Bayraktar TB2 exhobileyo. Ezi drones zibekwe kuzo zonke iimbambano zaseTurkey.

Iidrones zaba liziko lempikiswano eCanada ngoSeptemba nango-Okthobha xa zachongwa njengezisetyenziswa ngokuqhubekayo ukulwa eNagorno-Karabakh. Iividiyo zoqhankqalazo lwedrone olupapashwe liSebe lezoKhuselo laseAzerbaijan lubonisa ukugquma okubonakalayo okuhambelana noko kwaveliswa kukukhanya kweWESCAM. Ukwengeza, iifoto Kwidrone ebekwe phantsi epapashwe yimithombo yezomkhosi yaseArmenia ibonisa ngokucacileyo izindlu ezahlukileyo zenkqubo ye-WESCAM MX-15D kunye nenombolo yesiriyali eyichonga njengemveliso yeWESCAM, utshilo uGallagher UMbonisi.

Akucaci ukuba ngaba iidrones ziqhutywa yimikhosi yaseAzerbaijan okanye yaseTurkey, kodwa kwimeko nganye ukusetyenziswa kwabo eNagorno-Karabakh kuya kuthi kwaphule amaphepha mvume okuthumela kwelinye ilizwe kwiWESCAM optics. Umphathiswa Wezangaphandle uFrançois-Philippe Champagne kumiswa imvume yokuthumela kwelinye ilizwe yokukhanya ngo-Okthobha 5 kwaye yasungula uphando kwizityholo.

Ezinye iinkampani zaseCanada ziye zathumela itekhnoloji eTurkey esetyenziswa kwizixhobo zomkhosi. Ibhombardi umemezele nge-23 ka-Okthobha ukuba babenqumamisa ukuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe "kumazwe angenamsebenzi ungacacanga" weenqwelo moya ezenziwe yiRotax yaseAustria, emva kokufumanisa ukuba iinjini zisetyenziswa kwiidroni zaseTurkey Bayraktar TB2. NgokukaGallagher, esi sigqibo senziwe yinkampani yaseCanada sokumisa ukuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe kwinkxaso-mali ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwabo ungquzulwano yinto engazange ibonwe.

IPratt kunye neWhitney Canada nayo ivelisa ii-injini tyenziswa Kwinqwelomoya yeTurkey Aerospace Industries Hürkuş. Uyilo lukaHürkuş lubandakanya izinto ezahlukeneyo ezisetyenziselwa ukuqeqesha abaqhubi beenqwelomoya, kunye nenye enokusetyenziselwa umlo, ngakumbi kwindima yempikiswano. Intatheli yaseTurkey uRagip Soylu, Ukubhalela i- EMpuma Ephakathi ngo-Epreli 2020, uxele ukuba ukubekwa kweengalo eKhanada kumiselwe eTurkey emva kohlaselo lwase-Syria lwango-Okthobha ngo-Okthobha kuya kusebenza kwiinjini zikaPratt & Whitney Canada. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukaGallagher, ezi-injini azithathwa njengezithunyelwa ngaphandle kwezomkhosi yi-Global Affairs Canada, ke ayicacanga ukuba kutheni iza kugutyungelwa.

NjengeTurkey, i-UAE ikwaye yathatha inxaxheba kangangeminyaka eliqela kwiimbambano ezijikeleze uMbindi Mpuma, kule meko e-Yemen nase-Libya. I-UAE kude kube kutshanje yenye yeenkokheli zomanyano oluxhasa urhulumente weHadi eYemen, okwesibini emva kweSaudi Arabia kwisikali segalelo layo. Nangona kunjalo, ukusukela kwi-2019 i-UAE iye yatsala ubukho bayo eYemen. Ngoku kubonakala ngathi ixhalabile ngakumbi ekuqinisekiseni indawo ekumazantsi eli lizwe kunokutyhalela amaHouthis ngaphandle kwekomkhulu kunye nokubuyisela iHadi kumandla.

ICanada isayine "isivumelwano sentsebenziswano kwezokhuseleko”Kunye ne-UAE ngoDisemba ka-2017, phantse iminyaka emibini emva kokungenelela komanyano e-Yemen. UFenton uthi esi sivumelwano sasiyinxalenye yokunyanzelwa ukuba kuthengiswe ii-LAVs kwi-UAE, iinkcukacha zazo zihlala zingaziwa.

E-Libya, i-UAE ixhasa umkhosi wase-Libyan weSizwe osempuma (i-LNA) phantsi komyalelo ka-General Khalifa Haftar kwimpikiswano yayo nxamnye ne-Western-based Government of National Accord (GNA). Inzame ye-LNA yokubamba ikomkhulu iTripoli kwi-GNA, eyasungulwa ngo-2018, yaguqulwa ngoncedo longenelelo lwaseTurkey ukuxhasa i-GNA.

Konke oku kuthetha ukuba iCanada ithengise izixhobo zomkhosi kubaxhasi bamacala omabini emfazwe yaseLibya. (Akucaci, nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho naziphi na izixhobo ezenziwe eCanada ezisetyenziswe yi-UAE eLibya.)

Ngelixa ukwakheka ngokuchanekileyo kwe- $ 36.6 yezigidi zeempahla zasemkhosini ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zisuka eCanada zisiya e-UAE ezidweliswe kuNgxelo lweeMpahla zoMkhosi ezithunyelwa ngaphandle azange lwenziwe ukuba lube loluntu, i-UAE uyalele Ubuncinane iinqwelo-moya ezintathu zokujonga i-GlobalEye ezenziwe yinkampani yaseCanada iBombardier kunye nenkampani yaseSweden iSaab. UDavid Lametti, owayengunobhala wepalamente ku-Mphathiswa Wezobuchwepheshe, Ezenzululwazi, Nophuhliso Loqoqosho ngoku enguMphathiswa Wezobulungisa, uvuyisile IBombardier kunye neSaab kwisivumelwano.

Ukongeza ukuthunyelwa kwelinye ilizwe emkhosini usuka eCanada uye e-UAE, inkampani ephethwe yiCanada iStreit Group, eyenza izithuthi ezixhobileyo, ikomkhulu layo e-UAE. Oku kuyivumele ukuba ithintele iimfuno zepemethe yokuthumela ngaphandle yaseCanada kwaye ithengise izithuthi zayo kumazwe anje Sudan kwaye Libhiya eziphantsi kwezohlwayo zaseCanada ezithintela ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezixhobo zasemkhosini apho. Amaninzi, ukuba ayingangamakhulu ezithuthi zeQela leStreit, ikakhulu ezisebenza yiSaudi Arabia kunye nemikhosi edibeneyo yaseYemeni, nayo ziweyo njengoko kutshatyalalisiwe eYemen ngo-2020 kuphela, ngamanani afanayo kwiminyaka edlulileyo.

Urhulumente waseCanada uphikise ukuba ukusukela ukuba izithuthi zeqela leStreit zithengisiwe zisuka e-UAE zaya kumazwe wesithathu, ayinalo igunya lokuthengisa. Nangona kunjalo, phantsi kwemiqathango yesiVumelwano soRhwebo seArms, esamkelwa yiCanada ngoSeptemba 2019, amazwe anoxanduva lokunyanzelisa imigaqo yokurhweba - oko kukuthi, ukuthengiselana okulungiselelwe ngabemi belizwe langaphandle nelinye. Kungenzeka ukuba ubuncinci kwezinye izinto ezithunyelwa ngaphandle zeQela leStreit ziya kuwa phantsi kwale nkcazo, kwaye ngenxa yoko zixhomekeke kwimithetho yaseCanada malunga nokurhweba.

Enkulu Ifoto

Zonke ezi zinto zisebenzisanayo zenza iCanada i umthengisi wesibini ngobukhulu weengalo eMiddle East, emva kwe-United States, ngo-2016. Ukuthengiswa kweengalo zaseCanada kukhule kuphela ukusukela ngoko, njengoko bebeka irekhodi elitsha kwi-2019.

Yintoni inkuthazo ebangela ukuba iKhanada iphishekele ukuthunyelwa kwezixhobo kumazwe angaphandle? Kukho inkuthazo yezorhwebo: ukuthunyelwa kwempahla yasemkhosini kuMbindi Mpuma kungenise ngaphezulu kwe- $ 2.9 yezigidigidi ngo-2019. Oku kusondelelene kakhulu nomba wesibini, urhulumente waseKhanada awuthanda ngokukodwa ugxininiso, oko kukuthi, imisebenzi.

Xa isivumelwano se-GDLS-C LAV yayiqala umemezele kwi-2014, iSebe lezeMicimbi yangaPhandle (njengoko lalibizwa njalo) labanga ukuba isivumelwano siza "kudala kwaye sigcine ngaphezulu kwe-3,000 yemisebenzi ngonyaka eCanada." Khange ichaze ukuba ibalwe njani le nombolo. Nokuba leliphi inani elichanekileyo lemisebenzi eyenziweyo ngokuthunyelwa ngaphandle kwezixhobo, bobabini oorhulumente boLondolozo kunye nooLiberal baye bathandabuza ukuphelisa inani elikhulu lemisebenzi ehlawulwa kakuhle kumzi-mveliso wokhuselo ngokunqanda urhwebo lwezixhobo.

Enye into ebalulekileyo ekhuthaza ukuthengiswa kweengalo zaseCanada ngumnqweno wokugcina "isiseko seshishini lezokhuseleko", njengangaphakathi Amaxwebhu eMicimbi yeHlabathi ukusukela ngo-2016 uyibeke. Ukuthumela iimpahla zasemkhosini kwamanye amazwe kuvumela iinkampani zaseCanada ezinje nge-GDLS-C ukuba zigcine amandla amakhulu emveliso kunokuba zinokugcinwa kwintengiso yomkhosi oxhobileyo waseCanada kuphela. Oku kubandakanya izibonelelo, izixhobo, kunye nabasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ababandakanyeka kwimveliso yezomkhosi. Kwimeko yemfazwe okanye enye imeko kaxakeka, obu buchule bokwenza bunokusetyenziswa ngokukhawuleza kwiimfuno zomkhosi waseCanada.

Okokugqibela, umdla kwezopolitiko nawo udlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukuba leliphi ilizwe laseKhanada elithumela ngaphandle izixhobo zasemkhosini. I-Saudi Arabia kunye ne-UAE kudala baba ngamadlelane asondeleyo e-US, kwaye imeko ye-Canada ye-geopolotiki kwi-Middle East ngokubanzi ihambelaniswe ne-US efanayo Amaxwebhu eMicimbi yeHlabathi bancome iSaudi Arabia njengeqabane kumfelandawonye wamazwe aphesheya ngokuchasene ne-Islamic State (ISIS) kwaye babhekise kwisoyikiso esityholwayo "se-Iran ephindaphindayo kunye ne-bellicose eyandayo" njengesizathu sokuthengiswa kwe-LAV eSaudi Arabia.

La maxwebhu achaza iSaudi Arabia "njengomlingani obalulekileyo nozinzileyo kwingingqi enendawo yokungazinzi, ubugrogrisi kunye nembambano," kodwa musa ukulungisa ukungazinzi okwenziwe kukungenelela komdibaniso okhokelwa yi-Saudi Arabia e-Yemen. Oku kungazinzi uvumelekile amaqela afana ne-al-Qaeda kwi-Arabia Peninsula kunye ne-ISIS yokuseka ulawulo lwe-swathes yommandla e-Yemen.

UFenton ucacisa ukuba ezi ngcinga zezopolitiko zinxibelelene nezorhwebo, kuba "ukungenelela kweCanada eGulf kufuna ukuthengiselana ngezixhobo [kuye] kwafuneka - ngakumbi ukusukela kwiNkqantosi yaseDesert - ukulinywa kobudlelwane phakathi komkhosi nomkhosi kunye [neGulf] nganye. iimonki. ”

Ngokwenyani, eyona nto ityhilwa kakhulu kwimemo yezeMicimbi yeHlabathi kukuba iSaudi Arabia "ineyona oyile inkulu ehlabathini kwaye kungoku nje ikwindawo yesithathu ukuvelisa ioyile."

Kude kube kutshanje, iTurkey yayiliqabane elisondeleyo lase-US nase Canada, njengelungu kuphela le-NATO kuMbindi Mpuma. Nangona kunjalo, kule minyaka imbalwa idlulileyo iTurkey ilandele umgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle owandayo ozimeleyo nobundlongondlongo obuyile kwimbambano ne-US kunye namanye amalungu e-NATO. Oku kungalunganga kwe-geopolitiki kungachaza ukuzimisela kweCanada ukurhoxisa amaphepha-mvume okuthumela kwelinye ilizwe eTurkey ngelixa ibanika iSaudi Arabia ne-UAE.

Ukunqunyanyiswa kwamaphepha-mvume okuthumela kwelinye ilizwe eTurkey kusenokwenzeka ukuba kuye kwafuneka kwenziwe noxinzelelo lwasekhaya kurhulumente. UMbonisi ngoku usebenza kwinqaku elilandelayo eliza kujonga amanye amaqela asebenza ekwandiseni uxinzelelo, ukuze kupheliswe urhwebo lweengalo zaseCanada ngokubanzi.