Iimfazwe zikaBiden zeDrone

Amatshantliziyo uBrian Terrell kunye noGhulam Hussein Ahmadi kwiZiko lamahhala leBorder eKabul, eAfghanistan. Igraffiti nguKabul Knight, ifoto nguHakim

NguBrian Terrell, World BEYOND War, UEpreli 19, 2021
Joyina uBrian kwi-webinar ukuxoxa ngale ngoMeyi 2, 2021

NgoLwesine, umhla we-15 ku-Epreli ENew York Times uthumele i inqaku Intloko, "Indlela i-US iceba ngayo ukulwa ukusuka kude emva kokuba amajoni ephume eAfghanistan," ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba nabani na angaqondi sihloko, "Biden, Ukubeka ukurhoxa eAfghanistan, uthi 'Lixesha lokuphelisa imfazwe yangonaphakade'" njengoko ibonisa ukuba imfazwe yase-US e-Afghanistan inokuthi iphele ngoSeptemba 11, 2021, phantse iminyaka engama-20 iqalile.

Sikubonile oku kwesithiyelo kwaye sitshintshe iqhinga ngaphambili kwisibhengezo sangaphambili sika-Mongameli Biden malunga nokuphelisa inkxaso yase-US kwimfazwe ende nembi e-Yemen. Kwidilesi yakhe yokuqala yomgaqo-nkqubo wezangaphandle, nge-4 kaFebruwari, uMongameli Biden umemezele "Siphelisa yonke inkxaso yaseMelika kwimisebenzi ekhubekisayo emfazweni e-Yemen," Imfazwe eqhutywa yi-Saudi Arabia kunye nabalingane bayo ukusukela ngo-2015, imfazwe ayibiza ngokuba "yintlekele yoluntu kunye neqhinga." UBiden uxele ukuba "le mpi kufuneka iphele."

Njengakwisibhengezo seveki ephelileyo sokuba imfazwe yase-US e-Afghanistan izophela, “ingcaciso” yeza ngengomso. NgoFebruwari 5^th, Ulawulo lweBiden lwasusa umbono wokuba i-US iyaphuma kwishishini lokubulala i-Yemenis ngokupheleleyo kwaye iSebe likaRhulumente likhuphe ingxelo, esithi "Ngokubalulekileyo, oku akusebenzi kwimisebenzi ehlaselayo ngokuchasene ne-ISIS okanye i-AQAP." Ngamanye amagama, nantoni na eyenzekayo malunga nemfazwe eqhutywa yi-Saudis, imfazwe i-US ebisilwa e-Yemen ukusukela ngo-2002, phantsi kwesigunyaziso soGunyaziso loSetyenziso loMkhosi waseMkhosini ophunyezwe yingqungquthela egunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kwe-US Armed Imikhosi ngokuchasene nabo banoxanduva lohlaselo lwangoSeptemba 11, iya kuqhubeka ngokungenammiselo, nangona kungekho ISIS okanye iAl Qaeda kwiPeninsula yaseArabia eyayikho ngo-2001. omnye "Imisebenzi ekhubekisayo" yi-US eya kuthi iqhubeke ingapheliswa e-Yemen ibandakanya ugwayimbo lwedrone, uhlaselo lwemijukujelwa yokuhamba ngenqanawa kunye nohlaselo lwemikhosi ekhethekileyo.

Ngelixa athethileyo uMongameli Biden malunga nemfazwe e-Afghanistan kwiveki ephelileyo "asizukuthatha iso lethu kwisongelo sobunqolobi," kwaye "Siza kulungelelanisa ubuchule bethu bokulwa nobunqolobi kunye nezinto ezinokubakho kwingingqi ukuthintela ukuvela kwakhona kwesoyikiso sobunqolobi kwilizwe lethu, ” ENew York Times babengenakuba kude nanjengoko bechaza ukuba la magama athetha ukuba, "I-Drones, iibhombu ezide kunye nothungelwano lweentlola zizakusetyenziswa kumzamo wokuthintela i-Afghanistan ukuba iphinde ivele njengesiseko sobunqolobi esongela i-United States."

Kubonakala kwiingxelo kunye nezenzo zakhe malunga nemfazwe e-Yemen ngoFebruwari nangokubhekisele kwimfazwe e-Afghanistan ngo-Epreli, ukuba uBiden akachaphazeli kangako ngokuphelisa "iimfazwe ezingunaphakade" njengoko enikezela ngezi mfazwe kwiidrones ezixhobileyo ezingama-500. iibhombu zeponti kunye nemijukujelwa yomlilo wesihogo esebenza ngolawulo olukude ukusuka kumawakawaka eekhilomitha kude.

Kwi-2013, xa uMongameli u-Obama wakhuthaza iimfazwe zedrone esithi "ngokujolisa kancinci kwisenzo sethu kwabo bafuna ukusibulala hayi abantu abazifihla phakathi kwabo, sikhetha ikhondo lesenzo elingenakubangela ilahleko yobomi obungenatyala" besele kusaziwa ukuba ayiyonyani le. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, uninzi lwamaxhoba ohlaselo lwedrone ngabantu, abambalwa ngamajoni nangayiphi na inkcazo kwaye abo bajolise kubo njengabanqolobi abarhanelwa bangamaxhoba okubulawa kunye nokubulawa okungaphaya komthetho.

Ukunyaniseka kwebango likaBiden lokuba i-US "ikwazi ukulwa nobunqolobi" njengeedrones kunye nemikhosi ekhethekileyo inokuthi "ithintele ukuvela kwakhona kwesoyikiso sobunqolobi kwilizwe lethu" ithathwa njengento engenamsebenzi ENew York Times- "I-Drones, iibhombu ezinde kunye nothungelwano lwe-spy ziya kusetyenziswa kumzamo wokuthintela i-Afghanistan ukuba iphinde ivele njengesiseko sobunqolobi esongela i-United States."

emva kokuba Ban Umbulali weeDrones "Iphulo lamazwe aphesheya elisebenza ukuthintela i-drones enezixhobo zasemoyeni kunye nokujongwa kweedrone zomkhosi kunye namapolisa," yasungulwa nge-9 ka-Epreli, ndacelwa kudliwanondlebe ukuba ukhona na umntu kurhulumente, emkhosini, koonozakuzaku okanye kwezobuntlola oxhasa indawo yethu yokuba yi-drones azibuthinteli ubunqolobi. Andicingi ukuba ikhona, kodwa baninzi abantu ngaphambili ababephethe ezo zikhundla bavumelana nathi. Omnye umzekelo wabaninzi ngu Jikelele osele esidla umhlala-phantsi uMichael Flynn, Ngubani owayengumphathi wobukrelekrele kwezomkhosi u-Obama ngaphambi kokujoyina ulawulo lukaTrump (kwaye kamva wagwetywa waxolelwa). Uthe ngo-2015, “Xa ulahla ibhombu kwi-drone… uzakubangela umonakalo ongaphezulu kunalowo uzakubangela ukulunga,” kwaye “Okukhona sixhobisa ngezixhobo, kokukhona iibhombu siziphosa, ezi… ungquzulwano. ” Amaxwebhu angaphakathi e-CIA apapashwe lixwebhu le-WikiLeaks lokuba i-arhente inamathandabuzo afanayo malunga nenkqubo yayo yedrone- umbiko ithi, “kubandakanya ukwandisa inqanaba lenkxaso yamavukelambuso […], ukomeleza izibophelelo zeqela elixhobileyo kunye noluntu, ukuguqula iinkokheli zamaqela avukelayo, ukudala indawo apho amaqela angaphezulu anokungena khona, nokunyusa okanye ukwehlisa ukungavisisani iindlela ezithandwa ngabavukeli. ”

Ukuthetha ngesiphumo sokuhlaselwa kweedrone eYemen, umbhali omncinci wase-Yemeni u-Ibrahim Mothana uxelele iCongress Ngo-2013, “uqhankqalazo olwenziwa yiDrone lubangela ukuba ama-Yemenis ayithiye iMelika kwaye ajoyine amagorha.” Iimfazwe zedrone kulawulo lweBiden lubonakala ngathi isihogo sizimisele ukwandisa ngokucacileyo umonakalo kunye nokubuyisela ukhuseleko kunye nozinzo kumazwe ahlaselwayo kwaye andise umngcipheko wokuhlaselwa kwabantu baseMelika ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.

Kudala-dala, bobabini uGeorge Orwell kunye noMongameli Eisenhower babone kwangaphambili “iimfazwe ezingunaphakade” zanamhlanje kwaye balumkisa ngemizi-mveliso yamazwe, uqoqosho kunye nezopolitiko zixhomekeke kakhulu kwimveliso nasekusetyenzisweni kwezixhobo kangangokuba iimfazwe azisayi kuphinda zilwelwe ngenjongo zokuziphumelela kodwa Qinisekisa ukuba azipheli, kwaye ziyaqhubeka. Nokuba zithini na iinjongo zakhe, uJoe Biden ufuna uxolo, eAfghanistan njengakwiYemen, ngelixa babesilwela imfazwe yidrone, khange wenze nto.

Kwipolitiki, "imfazwe yidrone" inezibonelelo ezibonakalayo zokulwa ngoku-odola "iibhutsi emhlabeni." UConn Hallinan ubhala esithi: "Bayayigcina ibhegi yomzimba ibalawe," Usuku lweDrone, “Kodwa oko kuphakamisa ingxaki yokungaziphathi kakuhle: Ukuba imfazwe ayivelisi bantu benzakeleyo, ngaphandle kwalapho kujoliswe khona, ngaba akulingelanga kwaphela ukulwa nabo? Abaqhubi beenqwelo moya zeDrone kwiinqwelwana zabo ezinomoya opholileyo emazantsi eNevada abasokuze behle ngeenqwelo moya zabo, kodwa abantu abakwinqanaba lokufumana baya kuthi ekugqibeleni bafumane indlela yokubuyela umva. Njengoko uhlaselo kwiinqaba zorhwebo lweHlabathi kunye nohlaselo lwakutshanje lwabanqolobi eFrance lubonisa, ayisiyiyo yonke loo nto inzima ukuyenza, kwaye phantse ayinakuphepheka ukuba iithagethi ziya kuba ngabahlali. Ukulwa ngaphandle kwegazi yinto engekhoyo. ”

Imfazwe ayisoze ibe yindlela yoxolo, imfazwe ihlala ifika ekhaya. Ngaphandle kwamaxhoba amane aziwa ngokuba "ngumlilo onobuhlobo", elowo kumawakawaka amaxhoba ohlaselo lwedrone ebengumntu wombala kwaye iidrones ziba sesinye isixhobo somkhosi esidluliselwe kwimimandla yemfazwe ukuya kumasebe amapolisa asezidolophini. Ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwephesha kunye nokwanda kweedrones njengexabiso eliphantsi, indlela ekhuselekileyo kwezopolitiko yamazwe amaninzi yokwenza umlo nabamelwane bawo okanye kwihlabathi liphela yenza iimfazwe ezingapheliyo zingenakoyiswa.

Thetha ngoxolo eAfghanistan, Yemen, izitrato zase-US, azihambelani ngelixa usilwa iimfazwe needrones. Kufuneka sinyanzelise ngokukhawuleza ukuba kuvalwe imveliso, urhwebo kunye nokusetyenziswa kweedrones ezinezixhobo kunye nokupheliswa kokuqwalaselwa komkhosi kunye namapolisa.

UBrian Terrell ngumzabalazo woxolo oseMaloy, eIowa.