NguDavid Adler kunye noStephen Wertheim, Guardian, UDisemba 27, 2020
Idemokhrasi ikwimeko embi. Kule minyaka mine idlulileyo, uMongameli uDonald Trump uye wahlekisa ngemithetho kunye nezithethe, ekhawulezisa ukubola kwamaziko edemokhrasi e-United States. Asisodwa: kuqhutywa ubalo lwehlabathi, kukho iinkokeli ezingoozwilakhe ezisebenzisa izithembiso ezaphulwayo nemigaqo-nkqubo engaphumeleliyo.
Ukubuyisela umva lo mkhwa, uMongameli onyuliweyo uJoe Biden wenze isiphakamiso sokubiza iNgqungquthela yeDemokhrasi. Iphulo lakhe ibonisa ingqungquthela njengethuba "lokuhlaziya umoya kunye nenjongo ekwabelwana ngayo yezizwe zeHlabathi eliKhululwa". Xa i-US izibeke kwakhona “entloko yetafile”, ezinye izizwe zinokuzifumana izihlalo zazo, kwaye umsebenzi wokubuyisela umva iintshaba zedemokhrasi unokuqalisa.
Kodwa ingqungquthela ayiyi kuphumelela. Iyabuthuntu kwaye ibhityile kakhulu sisixhobo. Nangona le ngqungquthela ingasebenza njengeqonga eliluncedo lokulungelelanisa umgaqo-nkqubo kwimiba efana nokubeka iliso kwezemali kunye nokhuseleko lonyulo, inoxanduva lokuqhuba umgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle wase-US nangaphezulu kwikhondo elingaphumeleliyo eliyahlula ilizwe libe ziinkampu ezinobutshaba, ibeka phambili ungquzulwano kunentsebenziswano.
Ukuba uBiden uza kwenza okulungileyo ekuzibopheleleni kwakhe “ekukhawulelaneni nemiceli mngeni yenkulungwane yama-21”, ulawulo lwakhe kufuneka luphephe ukuphinda iingxaki ze-20. Kuphela ngokunciphisa inkcaso ezizweni ezingaphandle “kwelizwe ledemokhrasi” apho i-US inokuhlangula idemokhrasi yayo kwaye inike inkululeko enzulu kubantu bayo.
INgqungquthela yeDemokhrasi ithatha kwaye ibethelele ukwahlulwa koMhlaba phakathi kwezizwe zeHlabathi eSikhululekileyo kunye nezinye. Ivuselela imephu yengqondo eyaqala ukuzotywa ngabaphathi bomgaqo-nkqubo we-US wangaphandle kumashumi asibhozo eminyaka eyadlulayo ebudeni bemfazwe yehlabathi yesibini. "Lo ngumlo phakathi kwehlabathi lekhoboka kunye nehlabathi elikhululekile," watsho u-Vice-President Henry Wallace ngo-1942, ebiza "uloyiso olupheleleyo kule mfazwe yenkululeko".
Kodwa asisaphili kwihlabathi likaWallace. Iingxaki ezinkulu zenkulungwane yethu azinakufunyanwa kungquzulwano oluphakathi kwamazwe. Kunoko, zixhaphakile phakathi kwazo. Abantu baseMelika abayi kukhuseleka nangayiphi na "impumelelo epheleleyo" kwiintshaba zangaphandle kodwa ngokuzibophelela okuzinzileyo ekuphuculeni ubomi e-US kunye nokusebenzisana njengeqabane kuyo yonke imida yemveli yediplomacy yase-US.
Iqhutywa yintshukumisa echasayo, iNgqungquthela yeDemokhrasi inoxanduva lokwenza ihlabathi libe likhuselekile. Ibeka emngciphekweni wokuqinisa intiyo nabo bangaphandle kwesamithi, inciphisa amathuba entsebenziswano ebanzi ngokwenene. I-coronavirus, olona tshaba lubulalayo kwesi sizukulwana ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ayikhathaleli ukuba i-US ibona umhlobo wayo okanye umchasi wayo. Kukwanjalo nangemozulu eguqukayo. Ngenxa yokuba ezona zoyikiso zinzulu zisemhlabeni, kunzima ukubona ukuba kutheni iklabhu yedemokhrasi iyiyunithi efanelekileyo "yokukhusela izinto esinomdla kuzo", njengoko uBiden ethembisa ukwenza.
Ukongeza ekungabandakanyi amahlakani afunekayo, le ngqungquthela ayinakufane iyibethelele idemokhrasi. “Ihlabathi elikhululekileyo” lanamhlanje ngokwenene lilizwe elikhululekileyo, elizaliswe ziidemokhrasi ezinezichazi, kunokuba ibe yimizekelo eqaqambileyo. Umongameli waseUnited States, xa esenza umzekelo nje ube mnye, ngoku ugaya abalandeli bakhe ukuba bakhabe isiphumo sonyulo olukhululekileyo nolungenamkhethe, kwisithuba esingaphezu kwenyanga enye emva kokuba ethe wacaca gca lowo uphumeleleyo.
The uluhlu lwabathathi-nxaxheba kwingqungquthela yeBiden ke ngoko ibophelelekile ukuba ibonakale ingenamkhethe. Ngaba izimemo ziya kuphuma ziye eHungary, ePoland naseTurkey, amahlakani ethu eNato asanda ngokwanda ngokungekho mthethweni? Kuthekani ngeIndiya okanye iiPhilippines, amaqabane kwiphulo laseWashington lokulwa neTshayina?
Mhlawumbi ethathela ingqalelo le ngxaki, uBiden ucebise iNgqungquthela kuba Idemokhrasi kuneNgqungquthela of Iidemokhrasi. Ukanti uluhlu lwakhe lokumema lunyanzelekile ukuba lungabandakanyi abanye, ubuncinci ukuba unqwenela ukunqanda ubudenge bokukhuthaza idemokhrasi ngokufana noJair Bolsonaro okanye uMohammed bin Salman.
Ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sengqungquthela, ke, ukhetho lukaBiden alunakuphepheka kwaye alunamdla: kusemthethweni ukuzenzisa kwedemokhrasi yeenkokeli ezinegunya okanye ubaphawule njengangaphaya koluthuthu.
Idemokhrasi ngokungathandabuzekiyo iphantsi kwesoyikiso: i-Biden ilungile ukukhala i-alamu. Kodwa ukuba iNgqungquthela yeDemokhrasi kusenokwenzeka ukuba ibethelele umjikelo okhohlakeleyo wobutshaba bamazwe ngamazwe kunye nokungoneliseki kwedemokhrasi, yintoni enokusibeka kwindawo elungileyo yokulungisa idemokhrasi?
"Idemokhrasi ayingombuso," ongasekhoyo ukhongolose uJohn Lewis wabhala kweli hlobo. "Sisenzo." Ulawulo lweBiden kufuneka lusebenzise ukuqonda kukaLewis ngokuhlukana kungekuphela nje ngokubuyisela izithethe zedemokhrasi kodwa ngakumbi ngokukhuthaza ulawulo lwedemokhrasi. Endaweni yokulungisa iimpawu zokunganeliseki kwedemokhrasi- "abantu basekuhlaleni, abantu belizwe kunye nabadityanisiweyo" athe uBiden wathembisa ukujongana naye - ulawulo lwakhe kufuneka luhlasele esi sifo.
Unokuqala ngohlaziyo lwezopolitiko noqoqosho ukwenza urhulumente wedemokhrasi aphendule kwakhona kwintando ethandwayo. Le ajenda ifuna umgaqo-nkqubo wamazwe angaphandle: ukuzilawula ekhaya kukhupha irhafu engaphandle, umzekelo. I-United States kufuneka isebenze namazwe asehlabathini jikelele buncothula neengcambu ubutyebi obungalawulekiyo kunye nemali engekho mthethweni ukuze idemokhrasi eMelika - nakuyo yonke enye indawo - ikwazi ukukhonza iimfuno zabemi.
Okwesibini, iUnited States kufuneka yenze uxolo emhlabeni, kunokuba ilwe iimfazwe zayo ezingapheliyo. Amashumi amabini eminyaka ongenelelo kuwo wonke uMbindi Mpuma akaphelelanga nje ekuwujongeleni phantsi umfanekiso wedemokhrasi ebisenziwa egameni labo. Baye benza njalo idemokhrasi exhaphakileyo ngaphakathi e-US. Ngokuphatha uluhlu lwamazwe angaphandle njengezoyikiso zokufa, iinkokeli zawo omabini amaqela ezopolitiko zafaka intiyo yobuhlanga emithanjeni yoluntu lwaseMelika-ivumela umntu onjengoTrump ukuba anyukele emandleni ngesithembiso sokuqina. Ukulungiswa kwedemokhrasi ke ngoko kuya kufuna ukuba abalawuli be-Biden benze umgaqo-nkqubo wangaphandle wase-US ungabi namkhosi.
Okokugqibela, iUnited States kufuneka ibuyisele inkqubo yentsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe engahlulwanga ngumgca wempazamo “wedemokhrasi” leyo ingqungquthela ifuna ukuyimisela. Ukutshintsha kwemozulu kunye nesifo esingubhubhani zifuna intshukumo ehlangeneyo ngeyona ndlela ibanzi. Ukuba i Ulawulo lweBiden ijolise ekuhlaziyeni umoya wedemokhrasi, kufuneka izise loo moya kumaziko olawulo lwehlabathi ethe i-United States igxininise ekulawuleni endaweni yoko.
Ukuzilawula ekhaya, ukuzimela kwamanye amazwe kunye nentsebenziswano kuwo wonke - ezi kufuneka zibe yi-watchwords ye-ajenda entsha yedemokhrasi. Idlulela ngaphaya kwengqungquthela nje, le ajenda iya kukhulisa iimeko zedemokhrasi kunokuba inyanzelise iindlela zayo. Kuya kufuna ukuba i-US isebenzise idemokhrasi kubudlelwane bayo bamazwe angaphandle, inganyanzeli ukuba abantu bamanye amazwe babe yidemokhrasi okanye ngenye indlela.
Ngapha koko, idemokhrasi yinto eyenzekayo etafileni, nokuba ngubani na ohleliyo - okwexeshana - entloko.
