I-Biden kufuneka ibize ii-B-52s zokuqhushumisa izixeko zase Afghan

NguMedea uBenjamin kunye noNicolas JS Davies

Thoba Iintloko zamaphondo eAfghanistan ziwele kwiTaliban ngeentsuku ezintandathu- Zaranj, Sheberghan, Sar-e-Pul, Kunduz, Taloqan, Aybak, Farah, Pul-e-Khumri nase Faizabad - ngelixa umlo usaqhubeka kwezinye ezine - Lashkargah, Kandahar, IHerat kunye neMazar-i-Sharif. Amagosa omkhosi wase-US ngoku akholelwa ukuba iKabul, ikomkhulu lase-Afghanistan, linokuwela inyanga enye ukuya kwezintathu.

Kuyothusa ukubukela ukusweleka, ukutshatyalaliswa kunye nokufuduswa kwabantu abaninzi kumawakawaka abantu baseAfghani aboyikisayo kunye noloyiso lweTaliban elalilawula ilizwe kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo. Kodwa ukuwa korhulumente ophakathi, owonakeleyo oxhaswe ngamagunya aseNtshona bekungenakuphepheka, nokuba kulo nyaka, kunyaka olandelayo okanye iminyaka elishumi ukusukela ngoku.

UMongameli Biden ukwenzile ukuphoxa ikhephu eMelika emangcwabeni oobukhosi ngokuthumela kwakhona umthunywa wase-US uZalmay Khalilzad eDoha ukuya kubongoza urhulumente kunye neTaliban ukuba bafune isisombululo kwezopolitiko, ngelixa kwangaxeshanye bethumela B-52 iibhombu Ukuhlasela ubuncinci iintloko ezimbini zephondo.

In Lashkargah, ikomkhulu lephondo laseHelmand, ibhombu yaseMelika sele itshabalalisile isikolo esiphakamileyo kunye neklinikhi yezempilo. Enye ibhomu-B-52 I-Sheberghan, ikomkhulu lephondo laseJowzjan kunye nekhaya le umphathi-mkhosi odumileyo kwaye utyholwa ulwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe UAbdul Rashid Dostum, ngoku unguye umphathi-mkhosi yomkhosi oxhobileyo wase-US.

Ngelo xesha, i ENew York Times inika ingxelo yokuba i-US Umvuni weedrones kwaye Imipu ye-AC-130 zisasebenza e-Afghanistan.

Ukwahlulwa okukhawulezileyo kwemikhosi yase-Afghan efunyenwe yi-US kunye nabalingane bayo baseNtshona, bexhobile kwaye baqeqeshwa iminyaka engama-20 indleko malunga ne-90 yezigidigidi zeedola akufuneki kothuse. Kwiphepha, Umkhosi weSizwe wase-Afghan une Amasosha e-180,000, kodwa enyanisweni uninzi lwabantu base-Afghani abangaphangeliyo banqwenela ukufumana imali yokuxhasa iintsapho zabo kodwa bengakulangazeleli ukulwa nama-Afghani abo. Umkhosi wase-Afghan nawo dume ngenxa yorhwaphilizo kunye nolawulo gwenxa.

Umkhosi kunye namapolisa akhathazekileyo nangakumbi asemngciphekweni wokuba abantu babeke bucala indawo yokujonga kunye neendawo ekuhlolwa kuzo kwilizwe liphela bathwaxwa zizisulu eziphezulu, ukuvela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokushiya. Uninzi lwemikhosi luziva akukho ukunyaniseka kurhulumente owonakele exhaswa ngurhulumente wase-US kwaye bahlala bezishiya izithuba zabo, nokuba bajoyine iTaliban okanye bagoduke nje.

Xa i-BBC yabuza uGeneral Khoshal Sadat, umphathi wamapolisa kuzwelonke, malunga nefuthe labonzakeleyo ekufumaneni amapolisa ngoFebruwari 2020, Uphendule ngokugxeka, "Xa ujonga ukuqeshwa, ndihlala ndicinga ngeentsapho zase-Afghanistan kwaye banabantwana abangakanani. Into entle kukuba akusayi kunqongophala abesilisa abakwiminyaka yokulwa abaya kuba nakho ukujoyina umkhosi. ”

Kodwa a ukugaywa kwamapolisa Kwindawo ekubhekiswa kuyo abuza eyona njongo yemfazwe, exelela uNanna Muus Steffensen we-BBC, “Sonke singamaSilamsi singabazalwana. Asinangxaki nomnye nomnye. ” Kwimeko apho, wambuza ukuba kutheni besilwa? Uye wanqikaza, wahleka enovalo wanikina intloko eshiya umsebenzi. “Uyazi ukuba kutheni. Ndiyasazi isizathu, ”utshilo. Akunjalo ngokwenene yethu ulwe. ”

Ukusukela ngo-2007, ubucwebe bemikhosi yase-US kunye neNtshona yoqeqesho emkhosini e-Afghanistan ibiyi-Afghan ICommando Corps okanye imikhosi ekhethekileyo yokusebenza, ebandakanya kuphela iipesenti ezisixhenxe zomkhosi waseAfghan kodwa kuthiwa benza i-7 ukuya kwi-70% yomlo. Kodwa ii-Commandos ziye zazabalaza ukufikelela ekujoliseni kwabo, ekuxhobiseni nasekuqeqesheni amajoni angama-80, kunye nokugaywa okungafunekiyo okuvela ePastuns, elona lizwe likhulu kunye nesizwe esilawulayo ngokwesiko, ibubuthathaka obunamandla, ngakumbi kwintliziyo yePastun ese Mzantsi.

Ii-Commandos kunye neengcali Igosa yomkhosi wesizwe wase-Afghan ilawulwa ziiTajiks zobuhlanga, ngokufanelekileyo abaphumeleleyo kwi-Northern Alliance exhaswa yi-US ngokuchasene neTaliban kwiminyaka engama-20 eyadlulayo. Ukususela ngo-2017, ii-Commandos zibalwa kuphela 16,000 ukuba 21,000, kwaye akucaci ukuba mangaphi ala majoni aqeqeshwe eNtshona ngoku asebenza njengomgca wokugqibela wokuzikhusela phakathi kukarhulumente woonopopi oxhaswe yi-US kunye noloyiso olupheleleyo.

Ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza kukaTaliban kunye nokuhlala ngaxeshanye kwemimandla emikhulu kwilizwe liphela kubonakala njengesicwangciso-qhinga sokuzama ukukhupha inani elincinci likarhulumente eliqeqeshwe kakuhle, elinezixhobo ezifanelekileyo. I-Taliban iye yaphumelela ngakumbi ekuphumeleleni ukunyaniseka kwabambalwa eMantla naseNtshona kunokuba imikhosi yaseburhulumenteni iye yafumana i-Pashtuns ezivela eMzantsi, kwaye inani elincinci lika rhu lumente lamajoni aqeqeshwe kakuhle alinakuba kuyo yonke indawo ngaxeshanye.

Kodwa kuthekani ngeUnited States? Ukuhanjiswa kwayo B-52 iibhombu, Umvuni weedrones kwaye Imipu ye-AC-130 yimpendulo ekhohlakeleyo ngokusilela, ukufutha amandla asebukhosini koyiso-mlando, ehlazisayo.

I-United States ayizukubulala mntu ngobuninzi ngokuchasene neentshaba zayo. Jonga nje intshabalalo ekhokelwa yi-US U-Fallujah kwaye Mosul eIraq, kunye Raqqa eSiriya. Bangaphi abantu baseMelika abakwaziyo malunga nokugwetywa ngokusemthethweni ukubulawa kwabantu ngokungekho mthethweni ukuba imikhosi yaseIraq yazibophelela xa umanyano olukhokelwa yi-US lwathi ekugqibeleni lwathatha ulawulo lwe-Mosul kwi-2017, emva kokuba uMongameli uTrump ethe kufanelekile “Khupha iintsapho” yamajoni amaSilamsi?

Iminyaka engamashumi amabini emva koBush, uCheney noRumsfeld benza uluhlu olupheleleyo lolwaphulo-mthetho lwemfazwe, ukusuka ekuhlukumezeni nase ukubulala ngabom yabemi "kolona lwaphulo-mthetho luphezulu" lwe ulwalamano, Ngokucacileyo uBiden akayikhathaza into yokuba babenoxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho okanye isigwebo sembali. Kodwa nakwezona mbono zithandekayo nezingathandekiyo, yintoni enokuqhubeka nokuqhushumisa ngenqwelomoya kwizixeko zaseAfghan, ngaphandle kwencopho yokugqibela kodwa engamampunge ekubulaweni kwabantu base-Afghanistan baseMelika iminyaka engama-20 phezu kwe80,000 Iibhombu zaseMelika kunye nemijukujelwa?

The bethu kwaye ngobuchule bucaphukisa umkhosi wase-US kunye ne-CIA kwi-bureaucracy inembali yokuziqhayisa ngokuloba okwexeshana. Yabhengeza ngokukhawuleza uloyiso eAfghanistan ngo-2001 kwaye yaqala ukuphinda into eyayicingwa yoloyiso e-Iraq. Emva koko impumelelo yexeshana yenkqubo yabo yenguqu yolawulo ngo-2011 eLibya yakhuthaza i-United States namahlakani ayo ukuba ajike Al Qaeda ikhululekile eSyria, izala iminyaka elishumi yobundlobongela obungalawulekiyo kunye nesiphithiphithi kunye nokunyuka kweLizwe lamaSilamsi.

Ngendlela efanayo, uBiden akaziwa kwaye yonakele Abacebisi ngezokhuseleko kuzwelonke kubonakala ngathi bayambongoza ukuba asebenzise izixhobo ezifanayo ezitshabalalise iziseko zedolophu yamaSilamsi eIraq naseSyria ukuba bahlasele izixeko ezazibanjwe yiTaliban eAfghanistan.

Kodwa i-Afghanistan ayisiyi-Iraq okanye i-Syria. Kuphela yi-26% yabantu baseAfghan bahlala ezixekweni, xa kuthelekiswa ne-71% e-Iraq kunye ne-54% eSyria, kwaye isiseko seTaliban asikho ezixekweni kodwa kwimimandla yasemaphandleni apho kuhlala ezinye iikota ezintathu zabantu baseAfghan. Ngaphandle kwenkxaso evela ePakistan kule minyaka idlulileyo, iiTaliban ayingomkhosi ohlaselayo onje ngeLizwe lamaSilamsi eIraq kodwa ngumbutho wobuzwe waseAfghan oye walwela iminyaka engama-20 ukugxotha uhlaselo lwangaphandle kunye nemikhosi yokuhlala kwilizwe labo.

Kwiindawo ezininzi, imikhosi yaseburhulumenteni yase-Afghanistan ayibalekanga kwiTaliban, njengoko umkhosi wase-Iraq wenzayo kwi-Islamic State, kodwa wajoyina. Nge-9 ka-Agasti, iTaliban kuhlala iAybak, ikomkhulu lesithandathu lephondo ukuba liwe, emva kokuba umphathi-mkhosi walapho kunye nabaphumi-mkhosi bakhe abangama-250 bevumile ukujoyina imikhosi kunye neTaliban kwaye irhuluneli yephondo lase Samangan yanikezela ngesixeko kubo.

Kwangolo suku lunye, uthethathethwano oluphambili kurhulumente wase-Afghanistan, u-Abdullah Abdullah, ubuyele eDoha Ukuqhubeka nokuthetha ngoxolo kunye neTaliban. Amahlakani akhe aseMelika kufuneka ayenze icace kuye nakurhulumente wakhe, nakwiTaliban, ukuba i-United States iyakuxhasa ngokupheleleyo yonke imizamo yokuphumeza uxolo olunokuthula.

Kodwa i-United States akufuneki iqhubeke nokuqhushumisa nokubulala ama-Afghans ukubonelela ngokhuseleko kurhulumente oxhaswe ngurhulumente wase-US ukunqanda ubunzima kodwa kufanelekile kuthethathethwano lokuzisa uxolo kubantu abanyamezelayo, abadiniweyo yimfazwe e-Afghanistan. Ukuqhushumisa izixeko ezihlala abantu baseTaliban kunye nabantu abahlala kuzo ngumgaqo-nkqubo okhohlakeleyo nolwaphulo-mthetho ekufuneka uMongameli Biden awulahle.

Ukoyiswa kwe-United States kunye namahlakani ayo e-Afghanistan ngoku kubonakala ngathi kwenzeka ngokukhawuleza kunokuwa kwe EMzantsi Vietnam phakathi kowe-1973 nowe-1975. Ukususwa kukawonke-wonke kukoyiswa kwe-US kuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asiya "yayisisifo seVietnam," isinqandi sokungenelela kwezomkhosi phesheya kwezilwandle okwaqhubeka amashumi eminyaka.

Njengoko sisondela kwisikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-20 sohlaselo lwango-9/11, kufanelekile ukuba siqwalasele indlela urhulumente wase-Bush awusebenzise ngayo unxano loluntu lwase-US lokuziphindezela ukukhulula le mfazwe inegazi, eyothusayo nengamampunge.

Isifundo samava aseMelika eAfghanistan kufuneka ibe “sisifo seAfghanistan” esitsha, into yokuthintela esidlangalaleni emfazweni ethintela uhlaselo lomkhosi wase-US kwixa elizayo kunye nohlaselo, uyayikhaba iinzame zobunjineli boorhulumente bezinye izizwe kwaye ikhokelela ekuzibopheleleni okutsha nokusebenzayo kweMelika uxolo, idiploma kunye nokungaxhomeki.

UMedea uBenjamin ungumcebisi CODEPINK yoxolo, kunye nombhali weencwadi ezininzi, kubandakanya Ngaphakathi kwe-Iran: Imbali Yembali kunye nezopolitiko zeRiphabhliki yase-Iran.

UNicolas JS Davies yintatheli ezimeleyo, umphandi nge-CODEPINK kunye nombhali we Igazi Ngezandla Zethu: Ukumenywa kweMelika kunye nokubhujiswa kweIraq.