Ubugcisa obuChasene neeDrones

NguKathy Kelly, Inkqubela, NgoMeyi 13, 2021

Kwi-High Line, indawo ethandwayo yabakhenkethi kwisiXeko saseNew York, iindwendwe ezisentshona yeLower Manhattan zinyuka zangaphezulu kwendlela yesitrato ukuya kwindawo eyayikade ingumgaqo kaloliwe othutha impahla ngoku kwaye uzolile kwaye unika umdla wokwakha. Apha abahambahambayo sibe ukuvuleka okufana nepaki apho banokufumana khona ubuhle basezidolophini, ubugcisa, kunye nokumangalisa komdyarho.

Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, iPredator drone replica, ebonakala ngequbuliso ngaphezulu kwePhakamileyo yeNdlela e-30th Street, inokubonakala ngathi ihlolisisa abantu abaphantsi. “Amehlo” omfanekiso oqingqiweyo omhlophe ocekethekileyo ngu-Sam Durant, obizwa ngokuba “Ngu-Untitled (drone),” omile ngohlobo lomkhosi waseMelika u-Predator killer drone, uyakutshayela ngokungalindelekanga kubantu abaphantsi, ujikeleze ngaphezulu kweenyawo zayo ezingamashumi amabini anesihlanu- ipali yentsimbi ephezulu, icala layo likhokelwa ngumoya.

Ngokungafaniyo nePredator yokwenyani, ayizukuphatha imijukujelwa yomlilo wesihogo kunye nekhamera yokujonga. Iimpawu zokuhambisa ukufa kwedrone azifakwanga kwimifanekiso eqingqiweyo kaDurant. Nangona kunjalo, unethemba lokuba iya kuvelisa ingxoxo.

"Igama elingenasihloko (idrone)" yenzelwe ukuba Tyhila imibuzo "malunga nokusetyenziswa kweedrones, ukubekwa kweliso, kunye nokubulawa kwabantu ekujoliswe kuyo kwiindawo ezikufuphi nakufutshane," utshilo uDurant kwingxelo "nokuba ingaba luluntu siyavumelana kwaye sifuna ukuqhubeka nezi zinto."

Ukuqhubeka ngokubhekisele kubugcisa njengendawo yokukhangela amathuba kunye nezinye iindlela.

Ngo-2007, umnqweno ofanayo wokuphakamisa imibuzo malunga nokubulala okude kukhuthaze umculi waseNew York u-Wafaa Bilal, ngoku ongunjingalwazi kwi-NYU's Tisch Gallery, ukuba azitshixe kwigunjana apho, inyanga, nangaliphi na ixesha losuku, Ekujoliswe kude kukudubula kwebhola. Nabani na kwi-Intanethi okhetha ukumdubula.

Ebe adubule ngaphezulu kwama-60,000 amaxesha ngabantu abavela kumazwe ayi-128 ahlukeneyo. UBilal ubize le projekthi “ngoXinzelelo lwasekhaya.” Kwincwadi eneziphumo, Dubula i-Iraqi: Ubomi bobuGcisa kunye nokuXhathisa phantsi kweMipu, U-Bilal kunye nombhali-mbhali u-Kary Lydersen uchaze iziphumo ezincomekayo zeprojekthi ye "Tension yasekhaya".

Kunye neenkcazo zokuhlaselwa kwebhola yepeyinti rhoqo ngokuchasene noBilal, babhala malunga nabathathi-nxaxheba kwi-Intanethi abathi endaweni yoko balwe nolawulo lokugcina uBilal angadutyulwa. Kwaye bachaza ukusweleka komntakwabo Bilal, uHajj, owayenguye bulawa ngomoya wase-US ukuya kumjukujelwa emhlabeni ngo-2004.

Ukulwa nobuzaza bokungcungcuthekiswa kukufa ngesiquphe okuviwa ngabantu kulo lonke elase-Iraq, u-Bilal, owakhulela e-Iraq, ngalo mboniso wakhetha ukufumana uloyiko olugqugqisileyo lokuba ngesiquphe, kwaye ngaphandle kwesilumkiso, wahlaselwa ukude. Uzenze wabuthathaka ebantwini abanokunqwenela ukuba enzakaliswe.

Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, ngoJuni 2010, uBilal wavelisa “Ukubala”Umsebenzi wobugcisa apho umzobi we tattoo wabhala iidolophu ezinkulu zaseIraq ngasemva kukaBilal. Umzobi we tattoo emva koko wasebenzisa inaliti yakhe ukubeka "amachaphaza e-inki, amawaka kunye namawaka-nganye nganye emele owonzakeleyo wemfazwe yase-Iraq. Amachaphaza abhalwe umvambo kufutshane nesixeko apho wafela khona umntu: i-inki ebomvu kumajoni aseMelika, i-inki ye-ultraviolet kubantu base-Iraq, abangabonakaliyo ngaphandle kokuba babonwe phantsi kokukhanya okumnyama. ”

U-Bilal, u-Durant, kunye namanye amagcisa asincedayo ukuba sicinge ngemfazwe yobukoloniyali yase-US ngokuchasene nabantu base-Iraq kunye nezinye izizwe ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka kubulelwe. Kuyanceda ukuthelekisa iiprojekthi zikaBilal kunye neeDurant.

I-drone enganyanzelekanga, engafunyanwanga inokuba sisikweko esifanelekileyo semfazwe yase-US yenkulungwane yamashumi amabini ananye enokuba kude kakhulu. Phambi kokuba baqhube baye ekhaya kwisidlo sangokuhlwa kunye nabathandekayo babo, amajoni kwelinye icala lehlabathi anokubulala iimfazwe zokurhanelwa. Abantu ababulewe luhlaselo lweedrone basenokuba baqhuba ecaleni kwendlela, ngokunokwenzeka besiya kumakhaya osapho.

Amagcisa ase-US ahlalutya iimayile zemifanekiso yokujonga evela kwiikhamera zedrone, kodwa olo hlolo aluchazi lwazi malunga nabantu ekujoliswe kubo ngabaqhubi beedrone.

Ngapha koko, njengoko uAndrew Cockburn wabhala kwi Ukubuyiselwa kweencwadi zeLondon, “Imithetho yefiziksi inyanzelisa ukuba kuzalwe ngokwemvelo thintelo yomgangatho womfanekiso kwiidrones ezikude ekungekho sixa semali sinokoyisa. Ngaphandle kokuba kuboniswe kumazantsi asezantsi nakwimozulu ecacileyo, abantu bavela njengamachaphaza, iimoto njengamabala amnyama. ”

Kwelinye icala, uphononongo lukaBilal lunzulu kakhulu, lubonisa uxinzelelo lwamaxhoba. U-Bilal uthathe iintlungu ezinkulu, kubandakanya neentlungu zokuba nomvambo, ukubiza abantu abanamachaphaza avela emqolo, abantu ababuleweyo.

Ukucinga "nge-drone" engenasihloko, kuyothusa ukukhumbula ukuba akukho mntu e-US unokuthiya amagama abasebenzi abangama-XNUMX base-Afghan. bulawa I-drone yase-US e-2019. Umqhubi wedrone wase-US wadubula umjukujelwa kwinkampu yabasebenzi abavela e-Afghanistan abaphumle emva kosuku lokuvuna iinati zephayini kwiphondo lase Nangarhar eAfghanistan. Abantu abongezelelweyo abangamashumi amane benzakala. Kubaqhubi beenqwelo moya baseMelika, amaxhoba anokubonakala njengamachaphaza kuphela.

Kwimimandla emininzi yemfazwe, amaxwebhu abalobi abanamalungelo oluntu abubeka emngciphekweni ubomi babo ukuze babhale ubungqina babantu abaphethwe ngamalungelo oluntu aphula umthetho, kubandakanya nokuhlaselwa ngabantu abangadlalwa ngabantu. UMwatana wamaLungelo oluNtu, azinze e-Yemen, uphanda ukuphathwa gadalala kwamalungelo abantu okwenziwa ngawo onke amaqela alwayo e-Yemen. Kwezabo umbiko, "Ukufa kusiwa esibhakabhakeni, ukwenzakala kwabantu baseMelika 'Ukusetyenziswa koMkhosi oManyeneyo e-Yemen," bavavanya uhlaselo lwasemoyeni lwe-US e-Yemen, ishumi lazo e-US drone, phakathi kwe-2017 ne-2019.

Ingxelo ithi ubuncinci abahlali base-Yemeni abangamashumi amathathu anesibhozo-amadoda alishumi elinesithoba, abantwana abalishumi elinesithathu, kunye nabafazi abathandathu-babulawa kwaye abanye abasixhenxe benzakala kolo hlaselo.

Kule ngxelo, sifunda ngendima ebalulekileyo amaxhoba abuleweyo ayidlalayo njengentsapho kunye noluntu. Sifunda ngeentsapho ezaziswele umvuzo emva kokubulawa kwabantu abafumana umvuzo kubandakanya abafuyi beenyosi, abalobi, abasebenzi nabaqhubi. Abafundi bachaze enye yamadoda abulewe njengomfundisi-ntsapho othandekayo. Abanye babafi yayingabafundi baseyunivesithi noomama. Abathandekayo abalilela ukusweleka kwabo babuleweyo besoyika ukuva ingxolo yedrone.

Ngoku kuyacaca ukuba amaHouthis aseYemen abenakho ukusebenzisa iimodeli ze-3-D ukwenza ezabo iidrones abazitshise ngaphesheya komda, bebetha iithagethi eSaudi Arabia. Olu hlobo lokwanda luqikeleleke ngokupheleleyo.

I-US kutshanje ibhengeze ukuba iceba ukuthengisa i-United Arab Emirates amashumi amahlanu e-F-35, i-drones ezilishumi elinesibhozo, kunye nemijukujelwa eyahlukeneyo, iibhombu kunye nezixhobo zokulwa. I-United Arab Emirates isebenzise izixhobo zayo nxamnye nabantu bayo kwaye iqhube iintolongo ezifihlakeleyo e-Yemen apho abantu bathuthunjiswa kwaye baphulwe njengabantu, ikamva elilindele nawuphi na umgxeki wase-Yemeni wamandla abo.

Ukufakwa kwedrone ejonge abantu eManhattan kunokubazisa kwingxoxo enkulu.

Ngaphandle kweziseko ezininzi zomkhosi ngokukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi e-United States-apho kuvavanywa khona iidrones ukujongana nokufa e-Iraq, e-Afghanistan, e-Yemen, e-Somalia, e-Syria nakwamanye amazwe-amatshantliziyo ebesoloko eqhuba imicimbi yobugcisa. Ngo-2011, eHancock Field eSyracuse, amatshantliziyo angamashumi amathathu anesibhozo abanjwa ngenxa “yokufela ngaphakathi” ngexa bathi balala phantsi, esangweni, bezogquma ngamashiti anegazi.

Isihloko somfanekiso oqingqiweyo kaSam Durant, "ongenasihloko (iidrone)," sithetha ukuba ngandlel 'ithile asinamagama, njengamaxhoba amaninzi eedronsi zaseMelika ezenzelwe ukufana.

Abantu kwiindawo ezininzi zehlabathi abanakuthetha. Ngokuthelekisa, asijonganga nokuhlushwa okanye ukufa ngenxa yokuqhankqalaza. Sinokubalisela amabali abantu ababuleweyo ngoku ziidrones zethu, okanye ukubukela isibhakabhaka siboyike.

Kuya kufuneka siwabalise la mabali, ezo zinto ziyinyani, kubameli bethu abanyuliweyo, kuluntu olusekelwe kwinkolo, kwizifundiswa, kumajelo eendaba nakusapho lwethu nakubahlobo. Kwaye ukuba wazi nabani na kwisiXeko saseNew York, baxelele ukuba bajonge i-Predator drone kwi-Manhattan esezantsi. Oku ngathi ngathi yidrone kunokusinceda ukuba sijongane nenyani kwaye sikhawulezise ukutyhalela kwilizwe liphela ban isibulali sedron.

UKathy Kelly usebenze phantse isiqingatha senkulungwane ukuphelisa iimfazwe zomkhosi kunye nezoqoqosho. Ngamanye amaxesha, ubutshantliziyo bakhe bumkhokelele kwimimandla yemfazwe nasezintolongweni. Unokufikeleleka ku: Kathy.vcnv@gmail.com.