Usuku lwe-Armistice luphelile iMfazwe yokuQeda iMfazwe. ISivumelwano SaseVersailles Sinikela NgeMfazwe Engapheliyo

Ngu Mike Ferner
Oktobha 29, 2018

Izazi-mpikiswano zixubusha malunga nokuba iSivumelwano saseVersailles sinoxanduva lohambo lukaHitler ukuya kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi II, kodwa akukho nto inokungabaza ngayo ukuba umnqophiso ophela "iMfazwe yokuQeda zonke iiMfazwe" iyaqhubeka iyona nto ibalulekileyo kwi "Imfazwe Engapheliyo" . "

NgoNovemba, i-11, i-1918, i-Yurophu yaphela iphelile kwaye yaphantse iphele. Kwiinyanga nje ngaphambi kokuba imfazwe iphelile ngaloo mhla, amabutho ase-US amasha, avuselelekileyo angena kulo mfazwe waza waqinisekisa ukunqoba. Ngenxa yoko, uMongameli uTolrow Wilson wadlala indima ephezulu kwi-redrawing yemida kwimida yonke kwihlabathi.

UWilson wayengumcebisi oyintloko we-American Exceptionalism, ingcamango ekhuthazwe yi-US elite ukususela ngoko. Inkolelo yokuba ngendlela ethile iMerika yayiza kuqhubeka ikhangelelanisa abantu abaninzi, ngokukodwa abalahlwayo, bakhuthazwa yiWilson "Amaphuzu alishumi elinesine." UMongameli wathatha umthunywa wakhe weMesiya ngekhanuko lokubambisana kodwa njengoko irekhodi ibonisa, i-imperialism ayifumananga kuphela yamandla aseYurophu, nayo waqhuba uWilson. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuthethwa ngokucacileyo kwindlela ethile engacacanga yokuzimisela ukuzimisela izigidi zabantu. Wayeyisitya esingenalutho apho iintlanga zonke zathemba ithemba labo ubomi obungcono.

Enyanisweni, kwakukho umzamo owenziwe ukunyuka ngaphezu kwenkcubeko yexesha elidala "lomnqobi uya kuphanga" ngokuzisa i-plebiscites kunye neengqinisiso zokubeka izigqibo ngokuphindaphindiweyo emthethweni. Nangona kunjalo, i-plebiscites yashiywa xa inkathazo kunye nobulungisa bevame ukungena "kuthi nje."

Ngokubhekiselele kwimpembelelo yaseTersailles kwiJamani kwaye ekugqibeleni iMfazwe Yehlabathi II, uMargaret MacMillan unikeza imvelaphi ekhanyayo kwingxelo yakhe enzulu yeengxoxo ze-Versailles, "IParis 1919: Iinyanga ezili-6 ezatshintshe ihlabathi."

Ngokomxholo, gcinani engqondweni ukuba iimbandezelo zeWWI azizange zivakatye umhlaba waseJamani okanye amaJamani angaboni ukuhlala kwimikhosi ngaphandle kweRhineland. Abambalwa baseJamani babesazi ukuba emva kokusasazwa kuka-Agasti 8, i-1918, i-16 izigaba zaseJamani zanyamalala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kwaye imikhosi esele yawa emva kweeyure ngexesha. Abazange bazi ukuba ngeveki kamva uGeneral Ludendorff watshela uKaiser ukuba acinge ngokuthintana ne-Allies kunye nenyanga ezayo efuna uxolo nakweyiphi intengo. Abambalwa baseJamani babecinga i-armistice yokuba yintoni eyona nto, ukuzinikela. Ngenxa yoko, inkolelo yamaNazi yendlela umyalelo kaKaiser High High wabetha ngayo eJamani ngasemva wafumana abaphulaphuli abakulungele.

Impikiswano yeMacMillan ukuba ukubuyiswa kweJamani kwakunzima kakhulu. Nantsi oko irekhodi ibonisa.

• IFransi yabuyela e-Alsace-Lorraine eyayilahlekile kwiMfazwe yaseFranco-Prussian ye-1871 (iPrussia yayisinye sezizwe ezininzi ezakha isizwe saseJamani kwi-1871 emva kwemfazwe). Amaqela ahlangeneyo athatha iRhineland yaseJamani njengesiqhelo seFransi. IFransi nayo yayinobunini beemayini yamalahle eJamani kwi-Saar leyo i-League of Nations eyayilawulwa ngayo kude kube yi-1935 apho abantu bavota kakhulu ukubuyela eJamani.
• IPoland yanikwa ukusetyenziswa kwechwep yaseJamani yaseDanzig / iGdansk kunye nobunikazi beSilesia, kunye nabantu abakhuluma isiJamani, i-3,000,000% yamalahle aseJamani kunye ne-25% ye-zinc yayo. Emva kokuba iJamani inqabile, ikhomishoni yamazwe ngamazwe inikezela ininzi yelizwe eJamani kwaye ininzi yoshishino kunye neemigodi ePoland. (Ukongeza, iPoland yalwa imfazwe yomda neRashiya kwaze kwaba yi-80 xa uLenin avuma iSivumelwano saseRiga, esondela umda wePoland ngasempuma i-1921 miles ukuya phambili kwiRussia kunokuba ii-Allies zancoma kwaye zongeza i-200 yezigidi ze-Ukraine, ama-4 million kunye nama-Byelorussia angama million ePoland. ) U
• ICzechoslovakia yanikwa iSudetenland, ummandla ongqonge iJamani ne-Austria kunye nabantu abakhuluma isiJamani, kunye ne-Austria yeBohemia eyayinezinye i-3,000,000 abathetha isiJamani. U-Hitler wayemele enze izizathu zala "alahlekileyo amaJamani" kwaye ahlala kwiSudetenland yangaphambili emva kwesivumelwano saseMunich ku-3,000,000.
• IDenmark iphinde ibuyele, nge-plebiscite, ii-duchies ezimbini ezathathwa ngaphambili yiPrussia.
• Isizwe esibuyiselweyo saseLithuania sathola ichweba laseJamani laseMemel eBaltic.
• IJamani yajika yonke iinqwelo zaso, iindiza, izibhamu ezinzima kunye nemipu ye-25,000. Kwavunyelwa umkhosi we-100,000 kunye ne-navy ye-15,000, kodwa akukho mandla omoya, iitank, iinqwelo zokulwa, izibhamu ezinzima, i-drigible okanye i-submarines. Izixhobo zokungenisa iimpahla zangavunyelwa, kwaye zimbalwa ezimbalwa iJamani zanikezelwa ukuvelisa iingalo.

Njengemali yokulimala kwemali, kunye neYurophu eninzi kwiingxabano kunye nomlotha, kwakunzima ukucacisa ukuba iJamani yayinetyala elingakanani.

Elinye iqela lase-United States leenjineli zoMkhosi liqikelele ukuba liza kuthatha iminyaka engaphezu kwembini ukufika ngokuqikelela. Kodwa ukuxhaswa naziphi na iinkxalabo malunga neentlawulo ezibalulekileyo ziyimbuzo ebaluleke kakhulu yoMbutho woMbutho weZizwe zonke: ingakanani i-Jamani engayifumana ngaphandle kwebhanki kunye neengxabano, ukunikezela kwiBolsheviks? (Ngokunyuka kwemibutho kwiidolophu eziliqela zaseJamani ekupheleni kwemfazwe, le nto yayixhalabisa kakhulu iAllies eyayihlasela iRashiya ekupheleni kwemfazwe kunye namaqela e-200,000, enceda amaRussia aseMhlophe ngokumelene namaBolshevik. i-cruiser enzima njengegalelo laseMelika.)

Ekuqaleni, iBritani yayifuna i-$ 120 billion, iFransi i-220 billion kunye ne-US $ 22 yezigidigidi. Kamva bathumela iindleko ezincinane kunye neyokugqibela ekubaleni kwi-1921 yalela iJamani ukuba ihlawule i $ 34 ibhiliyoni ngamanqaku egolide, yabelana nge-52% ukuya eFransi, i-28% ukuya eBrithani kwaye yahlukana phakathi kweBelgium, i-Italy nabanye.

I-US ibolekisile iBritani neFransi ngaphezu kwe-7 billion kunye nezinye i-3.5 ezigidigidi ezivela kwiibhanki zase-US. EVersailles, iBrithani yacebisa kwaye i-US yavusa ingcamango yokukhansela wonke amatyala adibeneyo.

Phakathi kwe-1924 kunye ne-1931, iJamani yahlawula i-36 amanqaku kwii-Allies, i-33 yezigidigidi ezibolekelelwe kubatyalomali abathe bathengisa iibhanki zaseJamani ezikhutshwe ngeefowuni zaseWall Street. IJamani yasebenzisa loo mali ukuhlawula ukubuyisela eNgilani nakwiFransi, eyayiyisebenzise ukubuyisela iimboleko ze-US. U-Anthony C. Sutton, ebhala "kwi-Wall Street kunye nokuphakama kukaHitler" wathi, "Iibhanki zamazwe ngamazwe zahlala ezulwini, phantsi kwemvula yemirhumo kunye neekomishoni" ezenziwe ngokuboleka imali yabanye abantu eJamani.

Ngokubhekiselele ekuziphatheni komntu, uKaiser Wilhelm, umzukulu weNdlovukazi yaseBrithani uVictoria, waya ekudingisweni eHolland. UKum George George, umzala ka kaiser waseBrithani, ekugqibeleni wagxeka ingcamango yezobugebengu bezobugebengu kwilizwe kodwa wathumela iJamani uluhlu lwamakhulu ambalwa ayecinga ukuba kufuneka alingwe. Kule nombolo, i-12 yayiyiyo. Uninzi lwaye lwakhululwa ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kwabaphathi beenqwelo-moya ababesinda ejele ngaphandle kweeveki zokugwetywa.

Omnye akanakucinga ngezinto ezikhokelela ekuphumeni kukaHitler ngaphandle kokuquka imizekelo embalwa yeenkampani ezinobungqina obukhulu kakhulu be-US.

• Phakathi kweemfazwe, uJohn Foster Dulles, kamva ngu-Nobhala Wezwe ka-Eisenhower, wayeyi-CEO ye-Sullivan kunye ne-Cromwell (S & C), apho umntakwabo, u-Allen, kamva u-Eisenhower kunye nomphathi we-CIA wase-Kennedy, babeliqabane. Ukunyanzelwa kwezahlulo ezibandakanya utyalomali lwaseMelika kwiinkampani zaseJamani ezifana IG Farben kunye neKrupp. I-S & C "yayisembindini wothungelwano lweebhanki lwamanye amazwe, iifemu zotyalo-mali kunye neembumba zorhwebo ezakha iJamani emva kweWWI."¹
• Isicwangciso se-Dawes, esenziwe ukwakha ishishini laseJamani emva kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuQala kwaye sinikezela ngembuyekezo eNgilane naseFrance kwibhodi yayo uCharles Dawes, umphathi wokuqala we-US Budget Bureau kunye no-Owen Young, umongameli weGeneral Electric Co Ngo-1944, i-oyile yaseJamani ( I-85% yokwenziwa, eveliswe ngobuchwephesha beNJ yetekhnoloji) yayilawulwa ngu-IG Farben, eyenziwe phantsi kwesiCwangciso seDawes kwaye ixhaswe ngemali mboleko yaseWall Street ehlanganiswe yi-S & C. Imemo yangaphakathi kaFarben, eyabhalwa ngokudibeneyo kwi-D-Day, ngo-1944, yathi ubuchwephesha bobuchwephesha beStandard kwizibaseli zokwenziwa, ukuthambisa ulwelo kunye neetra-ethyl lead "kwakuluncedo kakhulu kuthi," ngaphandle kwayo “iindlela ezikhoyo zemfazwe bezingenakwenzeka.”²
• Nangemva kokuba uHitler ethathe ulawulo ngo-1933, uFoster Dulles uqhubeke nokumela u-IG Farben kwaye wenqaba ukuvala i-ofisi ye-S & C yase-Berlin de amaqabane, ediniwe kukusayina iileta, "Heil Hitler," wavukela ngo -35. Kuyo yonke imfazwe, uFoster ukhusele iiasethi zase-US zikaFarben kunye noMerck ekuthinjweni njengepropathi yelinye ilizwe. U-Arthur Goldberg, owayesebenza no-Allen kwi-OSS, umanduleli we-CIA, kwaye kamva kwiNkundla ePhakamileyo, bathi bobabini abazalwana baka-Dulles banetyala lokungcatsha umbuso.¹
• Imfihlo evulekileyo ngokusebenzisa 'i-20 yayiyimali inkxaso kaHenry Ford yeHitler. I-December 20, ibali le-1922 NY Times lathi inxulumano phakathi kweefomfomu ezintsha kunye neengalo zecala kwi-1,000 abaselula kwi "Battalion" eneHitler kunye neefotshane zeFord kunye neencwadi zeFuehrer ezibonakaliswe ngokucacileyo kwi-ofisi yakhe yaseMunich esebenza kakuhle. (2) Kwi1938, Ford wamkela uMkhulu oMkhulu weNkqantosi ye-Eagle yaseJamani.
• NgoFebruwari 1933, uHermann Goering wayephethe i-fundraiser ekhaya lakhe kwi-Trusteeship kazwelonke, iqela eliphambili apho uRudolf Hess ahlawule khona iindleko zeeNyuti zeNazi. Abasebenzi bezentengiselwano kunye nabaxhasi bathembisa amanqaku e-3,000,000 kuquka i-400,000 ukusuka kwi-IG Farben kunye ne-60,000 evela kwi-subsidiary ye-General Electric Corporation, i-AEG. Kwibhodi ye-IG Farben yase-US yenkxaso-mali yayingu-Edsel Ford, uWalter Teagle, ilungu lebhodi le-NY Federal Reserve kunye ne-Standard Oil yase-NJ kunye noCarl Bosch, ebhodini le-Ford AG, i-Ford AG. Kwiveki enye emva kokunyuka okukhulu kweemali zeReichstag zatshiswa. Emva kweveki kamva, ukhetho lukazwelonke lwasusa amaNazi amandla.
• Kwi-1936 memo, uWilliam Dodd, u-Ambassador wase-United States eJamani, wathi uGigben wabanika amanqaku e-200,000 ukuba "asebenze ngoluvo loluntu lwaseMerika."

Vietnam

Kwimiqulu emininzi yaseVersailles eyakhula ibe yindalo yamandulo kukuba uHu Chi Minh, osebenza eParis njengesandla sekhitshini kunye nomncedisi wezithombe, wabhenela engaphumeleli kwi-delegation yaseMerika egameni labantu baseAnnam (Vietnam).

Inqaku elibhaliweyo lokubhalwa kwincwadi Kubhalwa kuMongameli welizwe wase-United States, uRobert Lansing, ukuba ahambe kunye nohlu lwemibuzo ye-8 kwi-"Ammanite People", ethetha uluhlu lweemfuno ngokuthi:

Ukususela ekunqobeni kweAllies, zonke izifundo ziyaxhalaba ngethemba ngexesha lexesha elifanelekileyo lezobulungisa, okufuneka ziqalise kubo ngenxa yokubambisana ngokusemthethweni kunye neentetho ezenziwe phambi kwehlabathi lonke ngamagunya ahlukeneyo eentente umzabalazo wempucuko ngokuchasene nebarbarism.

Ngelixa ulinde umgaqo wokuzibophelela kwelizwe ukugqithisa kwizinto ezifanelekileyo ukuya kwenene ngokuqaphela ngokufanelekileyo ilungelo elingcwele lazo zonke izizwana ukuba zigqibe isigqibo sabo, abemi bobukumkani bamandulo ba-Annam, ngeli xesha i-Indochina yesiFrentshi, oorhulumente abahloniphekileyo be-entente ngokubanzi kwaye ngokukodwa kurhulumente waseFransi ohloniphekileyo, ezi zilandelayo zizithoba zokubamba ...

Olu luhlu luqulethe izinto ezinzulu njengenkululeko yokushicilela kunye neentlanganiso kunye nesidingo sokwakha izikolo, kodwa akazange afune inkululeko kumaFrentshi, kuphela "ukudluliselwa kwabantu abemi bomthonyama abakhethiweyo ukuba baye kwipalamente yesiFrentshi ukuze bahlale bekwaziswa kwabo iimfuno. "

Kwagqitywa ngokuthi:

Abantu be-Annamite, ekuboniseni la mabango, babalalele ubulungisa behlabathi lonke beMandla onke, kwaye bathembele ngokukhethekileyo ekuthandeni abantu baseFransi abahloniphekileyo abambe isigwebo sethu ezandleni zabo kwaye ngubani, njengokuba iFransi iyiphabliki, asithathile phantsi kokukhuselwa kwabo.

Ngokucela ukukhuselwa kwabantu baseFransi abantu baka-Annam, ekude bangabi namahloni, ngokuchaseneyo bayazibona behloniphekile, kuba bayazi ukuba abantu baseFransi bazimisela inkululeko kunye nobulungisa kwaye abayi kuze balahleke ubuhle babo obuhle bobuzalwana bomhlaba jikelele. Ngenxa yoko, ngokuphulaphula ilizwi labacinezelweyo, abantu baseFransi baya kwenza umsebenzi wabo kwiFransi nakubantu. "

E gameni leqela likaAnnamite patriots ...
Nguyen Ai Quoc [Ho Chi Minh]

Ukuya kwiMfazwe engenakuphela

Izidalwa zaseVersailles azizange zinyamalale neVietnam.

I-Versailles ishiye indawo i-1917 Balfour Declaration efaka inkxaso yaseBrithani kwimpumelelo yeZionist ekuthatheleni iPalestina kwilizwe lakwaYuda kunye neSivumelwano-Syot Isivumelwano se-1916 esinika iSiriya eFransi naseMesopotamiya eBrithani (esele idibene neenkontileka kunye nabaholi be-Arab ulawulo lweoli).

Ukuba ukuzimisela ngokwenene bekuyimigaqo yokusebenza e-Paris kwi-1919, kwakukho ubungqina obuninzi bokuthatha izigqibo eziza kulukhusela ihlabathi ubunzima obukhulu. Ubungqina obuqinileyo bokuba luqulethwe kwisifundo esaziwayo, esabizwa nguMongameli uWilson ngexesha leentetho zentetho zaseParis kwaye wangcwatshwa kwaze kwaba yi1922, ebizwa ngokuba yiNgxelo yeKhomishana yeCanth-Crane.

Kwaphela malunga neenyanga ezimbini zokuthunyelwa kwamalungu e-Arms, Jordan, Iraq, Palestine kunye neLebhanon, ukudibana kunye nabantu bonke, abaphathiswa abasemthethweni kunye namaqela kunye nezikhalazo kulokho kubonakala ngathi yinyameko enyanisekileyo yokwenza iimbono zoluntu. Iingcebiso zabo aziyinto emfutshane yokuguquka, ngokusekelwe kulokho esikufundileyo okwangoku.

“Sincoma, kwindawo yesihlanu, ukuguqulwa okunzima kwenkqubo yeZiyonist ePalestine yokufuduka okungenamda kwamaYuda, ukujonga ekugqibeleni ukwenza iPalestine ngokucacileyo ibe liLizwe lamaJuda.

(1) AbaKhomishina baqala ukufundisisa iZiyonism kunye neengqondo ezifunyenwe kuzo, kodwa iinjongo zangempela ePalestina, kunye nemigqaliselo yemigaqo-jikelele evakaliswe yi-Allies kunye yamkelwa yi-Aram baqhubise kwiingcebiso ezenziwe apha.

(2) Ikhomishoni yayinikezelwe ngokubanzi ngononophelo kwenkqubo yeZionist yiKhomishoni yeZiyonist ePalestina; beva kwiintlanganiso ezininzi malunga neenkoloni zaseZionist kunye namabango abo; kwaye ngabonwa ngabanye into eyenziwe. Bafumene okuninzi ukuvuma kwiinjongo kunye nezicwangciso zeZionists, kwaye baxabisa ngokuzinikela kwabo abaninzi beenkolonists, kunye nempumelelo yabo, ngeendlela zanamhlanje, ekunqobeni izithintelo ezinkulu zemvelo.

(3) IKhomishini yamkele kananjalo ukuba inkuthazo ethe yanikwa iZiyon ngooMdibaniselwano kwingxelo kaMnu. Balfour ecatshulwe ngokufuthi, ekuvunyweni kwakhe ngabanye abameli bamaLungu. Ukuba, nangona kunjalo, imiqathango engqongqo ye-Balfour Statement iyalandelwa- ithanda "ukusekwa ePalestine kwikhaya lesizwe lamaJuda," "kuqondwa ngokucacileyo ukuba akukho nto iyakwenziwa enokuthi ichaphazele amalungelo oluntu kunye nenkolo akhoyo kwiindawo ezingengomaYuda ePalestine ”- akunakuyithandabuza into yokuba iNkqubo yeZiyon egqithileyo kufuneka iguqulwe kakhulu.

Kuba "ikhaya lesizwe labantu abangamaJuda" alilingani nokwenza iPalestine ibe liLizwe lamaJuda; kwaye ukwakhiwa kobuRhulumente bamaJuda akunakwenziwa ngaphandle kwesiphoso esinzulu "kumalungelo oluntu kunye nenkolo yoluntu olungekhoyo lwamaYuda ePalestina."

Inyani yaphuma iphinda-phinda kwinkomfa yeKhomishini kunye nabameli bamaJuda ukuba iZiyoniyijonge phambili ekuthinjweni ngokupheleleyo kwabemi basePalestine ngoku ababengengomaYuda, ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthenga.

Kwintetho yakhe yangoJulayi 4, 1918, uMongameli Wilson wabeka lo mthetho-siseko njengowesinye sezona “ziphelo” zazisiliwa ngabantu ababenxulumene nomhlaba ”; "Ukusonjululwa kwayo yonke imibuzo, nokuba yeyommandla, wobukhosi, wolungiselelo lwezoqoqosho, okanye ubudlelwane bezopolitiko ngesiseko sokwamkelwa simahla kwetyala elo ngabantu abachaphazelekayo kwangoko, hayi ngokobutyebi bezinto okanye inzuzo naluphina olunye uhlanga okanye abantu abanokunqwenela ukuhlala kwenye indawo ngenxa yempembelelo yabo yangaphandle okanye ubuchule babo. ”

Ukuba lo mthetho-siseko uza kulawula, kwaye ke iminqweno yabemi basePalestine kufuneka ithathe isigqibo malunga nento eza kwenziwa ngePalestine, kuya kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba abantu basePalestine ababengengawo amaJuda-phantse ishumi elinesithoba kwishumi lilonke -Kuchasene ngokupheleleyo nenkqubo yeZionist yonke. Iitafile zibonisa ukuba bekungekho nto inye apho abantu basePalestine babevunyelwene ngaphezu kwale.

Ukubeka abantu ababenomdla wokungena kwamanye amazwe angenamda, kunye noxinzelelo lwezezimali nezentlalo lokunikezela umhlaba, iya kuba kukwaphula umthetho-siseko osandula ukucatshulwa, kunye namalungelo abantu, nangona egcinwe ngaphakathi kweendlela zomthetho.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe kwakhona ukuba ukuvakalelwa kwenkqubo yeZionist akugcini kwiPalestina, kodwa kwabiwe ngokubanzi ngabantu baseSiriya, njengoko iintlanganiso zethu zibonise ngokucacileyo. Ngaphezu kwe-72 pesenti-1,350 kuyo yonke-yazo zonke izikhalazo kulo lonke elaseSiriya zazijoliswe kwinkqubo yeZionist. Izicelo ezimbini kuphela-ezo eSiriya kunye kunye nokuzimela-zinenkxaso enkulu.

INkomfa yoXolo akufuneki ivale amehlo kwinto yokuba imvakalelo echasene neZionist ePalestine naseSyria inamandla kwaye ayisiyonto ilula yokujongwa. Akukho gosa lase-Bhritane, kuthethathethwano nabaKomishinala, elikholelwa ukuba inkqubo yeZiyonist inokwenziwa ngaphandle kokunyanzelwa ziingalo. Amagosa ngokubanzi acinga ukuba umkhosi ongekho ngaphantsi kwama-50,000 2,000 amajoni uya kufuneka nokuba aqalise inkqubo. Obo buqu babo bubungqina besimo esomeleleyo sokungabikho kokusesikweni kwenkqubo yeZionist, kwinxalenye yabantu ababengengomaYuda basePalestine naseSyria. Izigqibo, ezifuna ukuba umkhosi uziphumeze, ngamanye amaxesha ziyimfuneko, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo azinasisa ukuthathwa ngenjongo yokungabikho kokusesikweni okunobuzaza. Kwibango lokuqala, elihlala lingeniswa ngabameli beZionist, ukuba "banelungelo" ePalestine, ngokusekwe kwiminyaka eyi-XNUMX XNUMX eyadlulayo, akunakuqwalaselwa nzulu.

Yintoni enye enokuthi ityathwe kwiSivumelwano saseVersailles ngaphandle kokubuza: sisenza ntoni namhlanje esiya kubakhokelela ihlabathi le-100 iminyaka ukususela ngoku?