Ilungelo oHloniphekileyo uJustin Trudeau
Inkulumbuso yaseCanada
IOfisi yeNkulumbuso
I-80 Wellington Street Ottawa,
KWI-K1A 0A2
Juni 22, 2020
Nkulumbuso othandekayo Trudeau:
Njengomntu osindileyo kwi-Hiroshima, ndaye ndanikwa imbeko yokuba ndamkele ngokudibeneyo amabhaso oxolo iNobel ngo-2017 egameni lePhulo leHlabathi lokuPhelisa izixhobo zeNyukliya. Ngokusondela kwiminyaka engama-75 yokuqhushumba kwee-atomic e-Hiroshima naseNagasaki nge-6 ka-Agasti ne-9, ndibhalele zonke iintloko zelizwe liphela, ndicela ukuba baqinisekise ngesivumelwano se-UN sokuThintela izixhobo zeNyukliya, ndibuze. ngokufanayo noRhulumente wethu.
Emva kokuba nditshatile nomyeni wam, uJames Thurlow, kwaye okokuqala ndafudukela eCanada ngo-1955, ndandihlala ndizibuza ukuba ingaba iyintoni na iCanada ukubandakanyeka kuphuhliso lwebhombu yeathom eyabangela, ukuphela kuka-1945, ukubhubha kwabantu abangaphezu kwe-140,000 eHiroshima, 70,000 e-Nagasaki kunye nokothuswa okwethusa kunye nokulimala endiye ndangqina kona njengentombazana eneminyaka elishumi elinesithathu. Ngokwenene yayisisihogo emhlabeni.
Ndiyathemba ukuba uya kuba nakho ukucela omnye wabancedi bakho ukuba ahlole uxwebhu olufakwe apha, "Canada ne-Atom Bomb" kwaye anike ingxelo ngokuqulathwe kuwe.
Amanqaku aphambili kolu xwebhu kukuba iCanada, i-United States kunye ne-United Kingdom- njengamaxesha emfazwe ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini (II) - azizange zidibanise kuphela ukuvelisa kwazo izixhobo zemfazwe. ICanada yayikwayinenxaxheba enkulu kwiProjekthi yeManhattan eyaqulunqa iibhombu zeuranium kunye neplutonium kwi-Japan. Oku kubandakanyeka ngokuthe ngqo kusebenze kwinqanaba eliphezulu lezopolitiko laseCanada kwezopolitiko nakorhulumente.
Xa iNkulumbuso uMackenzie King ibambe uMongameli Roosevelt kunye ne-Nkulumbuso yase-Bhritane uWinston Churchill kwisiXeko saseQuebec ngo-Agasti ka-1943, batyikitya iSivumelwano saseQuebec sokudityaniswa kophuhliso lwebhombu yeathom, Isivumelwano-ngamazwi kaMackenzie King- ukuba nenxaxheba kuphuhliso. ”
Kwiminyaka engama-75 yemfazwe yebhombu ye-atomic ye-Hiroshima ne-Nagasaki nge-6 ka-Agasti nange-9, ndiyakucela ngentlonelo ukuba uvume ukubandakanyeka kweCanada kunye negalelo kwezi bhombu zimbini ze-atomic kwaye ukhuphe ingxelo yokuzisola egameni loRhulumente wase-Canada. ukusweleka kunye nokubandezeleka okubangelwa ziibhombu zeatom ezichithe ngokupheleleyo iidolophu ezimbini zaseJapan.
Oku kubandakanyeka kukaRhulumente waseCanada (okuchazwe kuxwebhu lophando oluqhotyoshelweyo) kubandakanya oku kulandelayo:
-Umackenzie King ongumphathiswa onamandla kunabo bonke, iCD Howe, onguMphathiswa Wezinto Ezisetyenziswayo kunye noMphathiswa, wamela iCanada kwiKomiti yoMgaqo-nkqubo oHlanganisiweyo esekwe ukulungelelanisa imizamo ye-United States, i-United Kingdom neCanada yokuphuhlisa ibhombu ye-atom.
-CJ Mackenzie, Umongameli we-National National Council yeCanada, wamela iKhanada kwikomitana encinci esekwe yiKomiti yoMgaqo-nkqubo oHlanganisiweyo ukulungelelanisa umsebenzi wezenzululwazi ezisebenza kwiiprojekthi zaseKhanada kunye noogxa babo eUnited States.
-Ibhunga likaZwelonke loPhando laseCanada layila kwaye yakha izixhobo zenyukliya kwiLebhu yayo yaseMontreal nakwiChalk River, e-Ontario, ukuqala ngo-1942 nango-1944, kwaye bathumela ulwazi lwabo lwenzululwazi kwiProjekthi yeManhattan.
-I-Eldorado Gold Mines Limited yaqala ukubonelela ngetoni ye-uranium ore kumgodi wayo kwiGreat Bear Lake kwiNorthwest Territories ukuya kwizazinzulu zaseBritani nakwinzululwazi yezomlingo yaseMelika eyayiphanda nge-nyukliya yunivesithi kwiColumbia yaseNew York ngo-Okthobha ka-1939.
-Ukuba u-Enrico Fermi ephumelele ukudala indlela yenyukliya yokuqala yokuzixhasa kwiYunivesithi yaseChicago nge-2 kaDisemba ngo-1942, wasebenzisa i-Uranium yase-Canada evela e-Eldorado.
-Ngokucetyiswa nguCJ Mackenzie kunye neCD Howe, uMyalelo oMfihlo kwiBhunga ngoJulayi 15, 1942, babele ama- $ 4,900,000 75,500,000 [ama- $ 2020 XNUMX ngeedola ezingama-XNUMX] kuRhulumente waseCanada ukuba athenge isitokhwe esaneleyo sase-Eldorado ukuze akwazi ukulawula ngempumelelo inkampani.
-U-Eldorado watyikitya izivumelwano ezizodwa kunye neProjekthi yeManhattan ngoJulayi nangoDisemba wowe-1942 ngeetoni ezingama-350 ze-uranium ore kwaye kamva zongeza iitoni ezingama-500.
-URhulumente waseKhanada wenza ukuba iEldorado Mining and Refining Limited ibe nguJanuwari wowe-1944 yaza yaguqula inkampani yaba yiCrown Corporation ukuze ikhusele i-Uranium yaseKhanani kwiProjekthi yeManhattan. I-CD Howe yathi "inyathelo likarhulumente lokuthatha iNkampani yeZimbiwa zeMigodi yeOldorado liyinxalenye yenkqubo yokuphuhlisa i-atomic."
-Umatshini wokucoca u-Eldorado ePort Hope, eOntario, yayikuphela komatshini wokucoca i-uranium ovela kwi-Belgian Congo, uninzi lwayo (kunye ne-Uranium yaseCanada) lwalusetyenziswa ekwenzeni iibhombu ze-atir zaseHiroshima naseNagasaki.
-Ngokucebisa kwe-CD Howe, Inkampani edityanisiweyo yeMigodi kunye nokuTyibiliza eTrail, i-BC yasayina izivumelwano kunye neProjekthi yeManhattan ngoNovemba wowe-1942 ukuvelisa amanzi anzima ukuze izixhobo zenyukliya zivelise i-plutonium.
-NgokuGeneral Leslie Groves, intloko yomkhosi weprojekthi yeManhattan, wabhala kwimbali yakhe ngoku kungabikwa, "bekukho ishumi elinambini lezenzululwazi zaseCanada kule Projekthi."
Xa iNkulumbuso uMackenzie King waziswa nge-6 ka-Agasti ka-1945 ukuba ibhombu yeatom yaphosa yaphoswa kuHiroshima, wabhala kwidayari yakhe esithi: “Ngoku siyabona ukuba yintoni ebingayi kugqatso lwase-Bhritane ukuba inzululwazi zaseJamani ziluphumelele ugqatso [ukwenza i-atom ibhombu]. Ngethamsanqa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwale bhombu bekufanele ukuba kuyiwe eJapan kunakwibala elimhlophe laseYurophu. ”
Ngomhla ka-Agasti ka-1998, igqiza elivela eDeline, e-NWT, elalibonisa abazingeli baseDene kunye nabacuphi ababesebenza kwa-Eldorado ukuba baphathe iingxowa zeradio ore e-radioactive kwimigxobhozo yabo yothutho ukuya e-Eldorado Refresh ePort Hope baya eHiroshima kwaye bavakalisa ukuzisola kwabo ngokungazi indima ekudalweni kwebhombu yeatom. Uninzi lwe-Dene lwaye lwabulawa ngumhlaza ngenxa yokufumana i-uranium ore, beshiya iDeline ilali yabahlolokazi.
Ngokuqinisekileyo, urhulumente waseCanada kufuneka enze eyakhe igalelo kwiCanada yegalelo lokudalwa kweebhombu zeatom ezitshabalalise iHiroshima neNagasaki. Abantu baseCanada banelungelo lokwazi ukuba urhulumente wethu uthathe inxaxheba njani kwiProjekthi yeManhattan ephuhlise izixhobo zenyukliya zokuqala zelizwe.
Ukusukela ngo-1988, xa iNkulumbuso uBrian Mulroney wacela uxolo ngokusemthethweni kwiNdlu yeeNkampani malunga nokubanjwa kwabantu baseJapan-baseCanada ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, urhulumente waseCanada uvumile wacela uxolo ngezizathu ezingalunganga zembali. Oku kubandakanya ukuxolisa kwiintlanga zokuQala ngenkqubo yesikolo saseKhanada eyahlula abantwana abancinci kwiintsapho zabo kwaye bafuna ukubaphanga kwiilwimi nakwinkcubeko yabo.
Inkulumbuso uMulroney waxolisa ngokuvalelwa kwabase-Italiya njengabaphambukeli botshaba ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini. Inkulumbuso uStephen Harper waxolisa kwiNdlu ngerhafu yentloko yamaTshayina eyamiselwa abafuduki baseTshayina phakathi konyaka we-1885 nowe-1923.
Wena ngokwakho uvumile kwaye wacela uxolo kwiNdlu ngesi sigameko se-Komagata Maru apho umthwalo wenqanawa wabaphambukeli abavela eIndiya walelwa khona ukuba ungafiki eVancouver ngo-1914. Y
Ubuye wacela uxolo kwiNdlu ye-Nkulumbuso u-Mackenzie King isigqibo ngo-1939 sokukhaba isicelo sokukhuselwa sisininzi kumaJuda angama-900 aseJamani abaleka amaNazi akhwela inqanawa iSt. Louis, abangama-254 kubo basweleke kwiNzolo xa banyanzelwa ukuba babuyele eJamani .
Uxolisile kwakhona kwiNdlu ngenxa yocalulo olungagunyaziswanga nguRhulumente ngokuchasene nesini, ubungqingili, ubungqingili, transgender, queer kunye nabantu abanemimoya emibini eCanada.
U-Eldorado wakha uphawu lwesamente kwindawo yomgodi wasePort Radium eyayifundeka ngoonobumba abakhulu, “Lo mgodi waphinda wavulwa ngo-1942 ukubonelela nge-uranium kwiProjekthi yeManhattan (uphuhliso lwebhombu yeatom).” Kodwa oku kwaziswa ngabantu baseKhanada malunga nokuthatha inxaxheba ngokuthe ngqo kwilizwe lethu kwiibhombu zeatomic zeHiroshima kunye neNagasaki kuye kwaphela kwaphela kulwazi lwethu oluhlangeneyo.
Utata wakho, iNkulumbuso uPierre Trudeau, ngenkalipho wazisa ukurhoxiswa kwezixhobo zenyukliya zaseMelika eCanada. Ndabakho kwi-UN General Assembly kwiZiko eliKhethekileyo lokuHamba ngeMfazwe nge-26 kaMeyi ngo-1978 xa, ngendlela entsha yokufumana izixhobo, wakhuthaza "iqhinga lokufumana into enqabileyo" njengendlela yokuphelisa kunye nokubuyisela umdyarho weemfazwe zenyukliya phakathi kweUnited States. kunye neSoviet Union.
“Asililo ilizwe lokuqala kwihlabathi elinamandla okuvelisa izixhobo zenyukliya ezikhethe ukungakwenzi oko,” utshilo, “sikwilizwe lokuqala elixhobise ngezixhobo zenyukliya ukuba likhethe ukuntywila kwimikhono yenyukliya. " Ndichukumiseke kakhulu kwaye ndichulumancile yile ntetho yakhe kwiZiko leMfazwe le-UN, ngethemba lokuba inyathelo lakhe lesibindi liya kukhokelela ekuphelisweni kwengalo zenyukliya.
Njengoko i-United States neRussia ibhengeza iinkqubo ezizezona zinobungozi zokwenza izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nokuphuculwa kwemikhosi yenyukliya- kwaye i-US icinga ukuphinda ivavanye inyukelo-amazwi amatsha okukhupha izixhobo zenyukliya ayadingeka ngokukhawuleza.
Uqinisekisile ukuba iCanada ibuyile kubuchule bamazwe aphesheya. Ukusondela kwiminyaka engama-75 yenqanawa ye-atomic ye-Hiroshima kunye ne-Nagasaki nge-6 ka-Agasti ne-9 yexesha elizayo iya kuba ngumzuzu ofanelekileyo wokuvuma indima ebalulekileyo eCanada ekudalweni kwezixhobo zenyukliya, uvakalise ingxelo yokuzisola ngokusweleka kunye nokubandezeleka kwabo okubabangele eHiroshima naseNagasaki , kunye nokwazisa ukuba iCanada iyakuvuma isiVumelwano se-UN kwiThintelo lwezixhobo zenyukliya.
Owenu ozithobile,
Setsuko Thurlow
CM, MSW
