Udliwanondlebe no-Alice Slater

NgoJuni 6th, thina e-Pressenza siye saqulunqa ifilimu yethu yokugqibela, "Ukuqala kokuphela kwezixhobo zeNyukliya". Kule filimu, sidlan 'indlebe nabantu abali-14, iingcali kumacandelo abo, abakwaziyo ukunika ulwazi ngembali yesifundo, inkqubo ekhokelele kwiSivumelwano sokuThintelwa kwezixhobo zeNyukliya, kunye neenzame zangoku zokubabeka amabala ukuvalwa ekuphelisweni. Njengenxalenye yokuzibophelela kwethu ekwenzeni ukuba olu lwazi lufumaneke kwihlabathi liphela, sipapasha ingxelo epheleleyo yolo dliwanondlebe, kunye nemibhalo yabo, ngethemba lokuba olu lwazi luya kuba luncedo kubenzi befilimu, abezomzabalazo kunye nababhali-mbali ndiyathanda ukuva ubungqina obunamandla oburekhodwe kudliwanondlebe lwethu.

Udliwanondlebe kunye noAlice Slater, umcebisi weSiseko seNyukliya yoXolo, kuye ekhaya eNew York, nge-560 kaSeptemba, 315.

Kolu dliwanondlebe lwemizuzu ye-44 sibuze uAlice malunga neentsuku zakhe zokuqala njengomntu olilize, umsebenzi kunye nefuthe lokupheliswa kwe-2000, i-NPT, iSivumelwano kwiNkqubo yokuThintela izixhobo zeNukliya, World Beyond War, into enokwenziwa ngabantu ukunceda ekupheliseni izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nentshukumisa yakhe.

Imibuzo: Tony Robinson, Cameraman: Álvaro Orús.

yombhalo

Mholweni. NdinguAlice Slater. Ndihlala apha esiswini sesilo eNew York City, eManhattan.

Sixelele ngeentsuku zakho zokuqala njengomntu olwela intshabalalo

Ndikhule ndingumntu olwela intshabalaliso elwa neenyukliya ukusukela kwi1987, kodwa ndiye ndaqala kwam njengembangi kwi-1968, ndingumfazi wendlu ohlala eMassapequa nabantwana bam bobabini, bendibukele umabonakude ndibona ifilimu yakudala ka-Ho Chi Minh ihamba waya kuWoodrow Wilson kwi1919, emva kweMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuqala, esicela ukuba simncede akhuphe isiFrentshi eVietnam, samlahla, kwaye abantu baseSoviet babonwabile kakhulu kukunceda kwaye yile ndlela waba ngumkomanisi.

Babonakalisile ukuba wayemodareyitha noMgaqo-siseko wethu, kwaye kulapho ke iindaba zikubonisa iindaba zokwenyani. Kwaye ngobo busuku bunye abantwana kwiYunivesithi yaseColumbia babeqhushululu eManhattan. Babevalele umongameli eofisini yakhe. Babengafuni ukuya kule mfazwe yoyikekayo yaseVietnam, kwaye ndandisoyika.

Ndacinga ukuba kufana nokuphela kwehlabathi, eMelika, eNew York nakwisixeko sam. Aba bantwana bayalingisa, kungcono ndenze into. Ndisandula ukugqiba i-30, kwaye besithi ungathembi mntu ongaphezulu kweminyaka engama-30. Leyo yayiyimotto yabo, ndaye ndaya kwiKlabhu yeDemocratic kuloo veki, ndaza ndajoyina. Babenengxoxo-mpikiswano phakathi kweeHawks neeDoves, ndaye ndazibandakanya namaDoves, ndaye ndasebenza kwiphulo lika-Eugene McCarthy lokucela umngeni kwimfazwe yeDemocratic Party, kwaye andizange ndiyeke. Yiloo nto, kwaye sahamba xa uMcCarthy waphulukana, sathatha i-Democratic Party yonke. Kusithathe iminyaka emine. Sityumbe uGeorge McGovern emva koko abezindaba basibulala. Ababhalanga nelinye igama elinyanisekileyo malunga noMcGovern. Khange bathethe ngemfazwe, ubuhlwempu okanye amalungelo oluntu, amalungelo abasetyhini. Kwakunjalo malunga nomgqatswa kamongameli kaMcGovern owayelaliswe esibhedlele kwiminyaka engama-20 ngaphambili ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwendoda. Kwakufana no-OJ, uMonica. Kwakufana nale junk kwaye waphulukana kakubi kakhulu.

Kwaye kunomdla kuba kule nyanga nje iidemokhrasi zithe zizakususa abathunywa ababalaseleyo. Kulungile babeka abathunywa abaphezulu emva kokuba uMcGovern etyunjiwe, kuba babothukile kukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo bengena kwindlu ngendlu- kwaye sasingenayo i-intanethi, sasibetha iintsimbi emnyango kwaye sithetha nabantu- bakwazi ukubamba yonke iDemocratic Party kwaye yonyule umntu oza kulwa imfazwe.

Ke lonto indinike umbono wokuba, nangona ndingakhange ndiyiphumelele le mfazwe, idemokhrasi iyasebenza. Ndiyathetha, kungenzeka ukuba ikhona kuthi.

Ke ndenze njani ukuba ndingumntu olwela amalungelo okulwa inyukliya?

EMassapequa ndandingumfazi wendlu. Abafazi babengayi emsebenzini ngelo xesha. Kwincwadi yam yesikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yejografi, xa babesithi ngamabhongo obomi bakho, ndibhale phantsi "imisebenzi yasekhaya". Yile nto sasiyikholelwa ngaloo minyaka. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba ndisenza umsebenzi wasekhaya wehlabathi xa ndifuna nje ukuxelela amakhwenkwe ukuba abeke iithoyi zawo kwaye acoce ubumdaka abenzileyo.

Ke ndaya kwisikolo sezomthetho kwaye loo nto yayingumngeni omkhulu, kwaye ndandisebenza ngokusisigxina eluntwini. Besendiphumile kuyo yonke imisebenzi yam elungileyo endiyenzileyo yonke loo minyaka, kwaye ndibona kwiJenali yoMthetho kukho ilitye lesidlo sasemini seLawyers Alliance for Nuclear Arms Control, ndaze ndathi, "Kulungile, kuyabukeka."

Ke ndiye kwisidlo sasemini kwaye ndinyusa usekela-sihlalo wesahluko saseNew York. Ndiya ebhodini noMcNamara noColby. UStanley Resor, wayenguNobhala Wezomkhosi ka-Nixon, saze sathi sakudlula isiVumelwano esiQhelekileyo soVavanyo loVavanyo, weza wathi, “Uyonwabile ngoku, Alice?” Ngenxa yokuba ndandinjalo!

Ke phofu, bendikunye noManyano lwamaGqwetha, kwaye iSoviet Union phantsi kukaGorbachev iyekile uvavanyo lwenyukliya. Babenematshi e-Kazakhstan eyayikhokelwa yile mbongi yase-Kazakh u-Olzhas Suleimenov, kuba abantu base Soviet Union babecaphukile e-Kazakhstan. Babenomdlavuza omninzi kunye neziphene zokuzalwa kunye nenkunkuma kwindawo abahlala kuyo. Kwaye bamatsha kwaye bayeka uvavanyo lwenyukliya.

UGorbachev uthe, "Kulungile, asizukuyenza le nto kwakhona."

Kwaye yayingaphantsi komhlaba ngelo xesha, kuba uKennedy wayefuna ukuphelisa uvavanyo lwenyukliya kwaye babengamvumeli. Ke baphele ukuvavanya emoyeni, kodwa waya phantsi komhlaba, kwaye senza iimvavanyo eziliwaka emva kokuba siye phantsi komhlaba kumhlaba ongcwele waseShoshone eNevada, kwaye yayivuza kwaye ityhefa amanzi. Ndiyathetha, yayingeyonto intle ukuyenza.

Ke siye eCongress sathi, “Mamela. IRussia, ”-amagqwetha ethu uManyano, sinonxibelelwano apho-“ iRussia ime, ”(uyayazi iSoviet Union emva). "Kufuneka siyeke."

Kwaye bathi, "Owu, awunakubathemba abantu baseRussia."

Ke uBill de Wind - owayengumsunguli we-Lawyers Alliance for Nuclear Arms Control, wayengumongameli weNew York City Bar Association, kwaye wayeyinxalenye yamaDatshi de Wind's awayenesiqingatha se-Hudson, niyazi, abafuduki bokuqala, abudala bokwenene -um-American-ukhulise izigidi ezisibhozo zeedola ezivela kubahlobo bakhe, wabeka ndawonye iqela le-seismologists saya kwi-Soviet Union-abathunywa - kwaye sadibana noMbutho weSoviet Lawyers kunye norhulumente waseSoviet kwaye bavumile ukuvumela ii-seismologists zethu zaseMelika Ukubekwa macala onke kwindawo yoVavanyo lwaseKazakh, ukwenzela ukuba siqinisekise ukuba bayakopela kwaye sibuyele eCongress sathi, "Kulungile, akufuneki ubathembe abantu baseRussia. Sinee-seismologists apho. ”

Kwaye iCongress yavuma ukuyeka uvavanyo lwenyukliya. Oku kwakufana noloyiso olumangalisayo. Kodwa njengalo lonke uloyiso, beza neendleko zokuba beme kwaye balinde iinyanga ezili-15, kwaye ukuba ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwezixhobo kunye neendleko kunye nezibonelelo, banokukhetha ukwenza olunye uvavanyo lwenyukliya emva kokurhoxiswa.

Kwaye sathi kufuneka simise iimvavanyo zenyukliya ezili-15, kuba iya kuba kukukholwa okungalunganga kunye neSoviet Union evumela i-seismologists yethu kwaye bendikwintlanganiso - iqela ngoku libizwa ngokuba yi-Alliance on Nuclear Accountability - kodwa ke ngoko Inethiwekhi Yemveliso Yezomkhosi, kwaye yayiziziza zonke e-US ezinje nge-Oak Ridge, iLivermore, iLos Alamos ezazisenza ibhombu, kwaye ndawushiya umthetho emva kotyelelo lwaseSoviet. Ingcali yezoqoqosho yandibuza ukuba ndingabanceda na ukuseta i-Economist's Against the Arms Race. Ke ndiye ndaba ngumlawuli olawulayo. Ndine-15 abaphumeleleyo beNobel kunye neGalbraith, kwaye sajoyina le nethiwekhi ukwenza iprojekthi yokuguqula, njengokuguqulwa kwezoqoqosho kwindawo yezixhobo zenyukliya, kwaye ndafumana inkxaso-mali eninzi kuMcArthur nasePlowshares - bayayithanda le - kwaye ndaya kwintlanganiso yokuqala kwaye sinentlanganiso kwaye sithi ngoku kufuneka simise uvavanyo lwezokhuseleko ezili-15 kwaye uDarryl Kimball, owayengumphathi weGqirha yoXanduva lweNtlalo wathi, “Hayi, hayi Alice. Nantso into eyenziwayo. Baza kwenza iimvavanyo ezili-15 zokhuseleko. ”

Kwaye ndathi andivumelani neso sivumelwano, kwaye uSteve Schwartz owathi kamva waba ngumhleli weThe Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, kodwa ngeloxesha wayekuGreenpeace, wathi, “Kutheni singayikhuphi intengiso epheleleyo INew York Times isithi 'Musa ukuyivuthela iBill', kunye noBill Clinton ngesaxophone yakhe. Bonke babembonisa ngokudubula kwenyukliya ephuma kwi-sax yakhe. Ke ndibuyela eNew York, kwaye ndikunye nezoQoqosho, kwaye ndinendawo yasimahla yeofisi - bendihlala ndibiza aba bantu ngoosozigidi bobukomanisi, bebengamaphiko asekhohlo kakhulu kodwa benemali eninzi kwaye bendinika simahla isithuba seofisi, ndingene entloko, kwi-ofisi kaJack, ndathi, "Jack, simisiwe kodwa uClinton uzakwenza olunye uvavanyo lwezokhuseleko ezili-15, kwaye kufuneka siyeke."

Uye athi, "Masenze ntoni?"

Ndathi, "Sifuna intengiso ezelezwe kwiNew York Times."

Uthe, "Yimalini?"

Ndathi, "$ 75,000".

Uthe, "Ngubani oza kuhlawula?"

Ndathi, "Wena noMurray noBob."

Uthi, “Kulungile, babize. Ukuba bathi kulungile, ndiza kufaka i-25.

Kwaye kwimizuzu elishumi ndiyayiphakamisa, kwaye sineposta. Uyabona, 'Sukuyivuthela iBill' kwaye iqhubeke kwi-t-shirts kunye nee-mugs kunye neepads zegundane. Kwakukho lonke uhlobo lokuthengisa, kwaye khange benze 15 iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo. Sayinqanda. Yaphela.

Kwaye ke emva koko xa uClinton watyikitya uQinisekiso oluGqibeleleyo lokuThintela ukuThintela, elaliyiphulo elikhulu, babenomkhankatha apho wayenika i-6 yezigidigidi zeedola kwii-labs zovavanyo oluncinci kunye novavanyo lwelabhoratri, kwaye babengazange bayeke nyani , uyazi.

Uthe uvavanyo oluphantsi asiluvavanyo kuba bavuthuza i-plutonium ngeekhemikhali kwaye bathande i-30 yabo sele bekhona kwisiza se-Nevada kodwa ngenxa yokuba ingenalo urekhodo lokuphendula, wathi asiluvavanyo. Njengokuthi "Andizanga inhale", "andilalanga ngesondo" kwaye "andivavanyi".

Ngenxa yeso sizathu, iIndiya yavavanya, kuba besithi asinakho ukuba noVavanyo oluQinisekileyo loThintelo lweBhanti ngaphandle kokuba sithintele uvavanyo oluncinci kunye novavanyo lwelabhoratri, kuba ngokuzolileyo babenebhombu yabo kwigumbi elingaphantsi, kodwa babengakhange ' t kuthi, kwaye babengafuni kushiyeka ngasemva.

Kwaye sikwenzile oko ngenxa yesichaso sabo, nangona ubufuna imvume engavunyelwanga kwiKomiti yokuKhubazeka eGeneva, bayikhupha kwikomiti bayizisa kwi-UN. I-CTBT, yayivula ukuba isayine kwaye i-India yathi, "Ukuba awuyitshintshi, asiyisayini."

Kwaye kwiinyanga ezintandathu kamva okanye ke bade bavavanya, balandelwa yiPakistan ngoko ke yayilelinye ikratshi, isentshona, ikoloni emhlophe ...

Njengoko kunjalo, ndiza kukuxelela ibali lomntu. Besinetheko kwi-NGO Committee on Disarmament, i-cocktails, ukwamkela uRichard Butler, inxusa lase-Australia elalikhuphe kwiKomiti malunga nesichaso sase-India sayizisa kwi-UN, kwaye ndimi ndithetha naye kunye nawo wonke umntu Ndisela iidrink ezimbalwa, ndathi, "Uzokwenza ntoni nge-Indiya?"

Uthi, "Ndisandul 'ukubuya eWashington kwaye bendikunye noSandy Berger." Umfo wezokhuseleko kaClinton. “Siza kujika iIndiya. Siza kuhlasela i-India. ”

Uyithethile kabini loo nto, ndaze ndathi, "Uthetha ngantoni?" Ndithetha ukuba i-India ayikho ...

Uye wandiphuza esidleleni esinye wandiphuza kwesinye isidlele. Uyazi, mde, mhle kwaye ndibuya umva kwaye ndiyacinga, ukuba bendingumfana ngekhe andiyeke ngaloo ndlela. Undinqande ekuphikisaneni naye kodwa ibiyingqondo leyo. Isengqondo. Kukuzikhukhumalisa, isimo sengqondo saseNtshona, sobukoloniyali esigcina yonke into isendaweni.

Sitshele malunga nokudalwa kwe2000

Oku kwakumangalisa. Sonke safika kwi-NPT ngo-1995. Isivumelwano sokungasasazeki kwaxoxwa ngaso ngo-1970, kwaye amazwe amahlanu, i-US, i-Russia, i-China, i-Ngilani ne-France bathembisa ukunikezela ngezixhobo zenyukliya ukuba wonke umhlaba awunakho. zibathathe, kwaye wonke umntu wasayina esi sivumelwano, ngaphandle kwe-Indiya, iPakistan kunye no-Israyeli, kwaye bahamba bazithathela ezabo iibhombu, kodwa umnqophiso wawunezithembiso zeFaustian zokuba ukuba ungasayina isivumelwano siza kukunika izitshixo zebhombu. Umzi mveliso, kuba sibanike oko kubizwa ngokuba "amandla enyukliya ngoxolo."

Kwaye yile nto yenzekileyo ngeNyakatho Korea, banamandla oxolo enyukliya. Baye baphuma, benze ibhombu. Sasixhalabile ukuba i-Iran inokuba iyayenza loo nto kuba bebecebisa i-uranium yabo.

Ke isivumelwano kufuneka siphelelwe, kwaye sonke siza kwi-UN, kwaye eli lixesha lam lokuqala kwi-UN. Andazi kwanto nge-UN, ndidibana nabantu abavela kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye uninzi lwabasunguli bokuphelisa u-2000. Kwaye kukho umntu onamava kakhulu ovela kwi-Union of Concerned Scientists, uJonathan Dean, owayesakuba ngunozakuzaku. Kwaye sonke saba nentlanganiso, ii-NGOs. Ndiyathetha ukuba basibiza ii-NGOs, imibutho engekho phantsi kukarhulumente, sisihloko sethu eso. Asingombutho “asikho”, uyazi.

Ke silapha noJonathan Dean, kwaye uthi, "Uyazi, thina ii-NGOs kufuneka siyile ingxelo."

Sithe, "Ewe ewe."

Uthi, "Ndiwuyile." Uyikhupha kwaye kunjalo I-Uber Alles yase-US, kulawulo lweengalo ngonaphakade. Ayibuzanga ukuba isuswe, kwaye sathi, "Hayi, asinakukutyikitya oku."

Kwaye sadibana saza sazibhala ezethu ingxelo, malunga neshumi lethu, uJacqui Cabasso, uDavid Krieger, mna, Alyn Ware.

Sonke besingamaxesha akudala, kwaye sasingenayo ne-intanethi ngoko. Siyithumele ngefeksi kwaye ekupheleni kwentlanganiso yeeveki ezine imibutho engamakhulu amathandathu yayisayine kwaye kwingxelo yethu sacela isivumelwano sokuphelisa izixhobo zenyukliya ngonyaka ka-2000. Siyavuma unxibelelwano olungenakulinganiswa phakathi kwezixhobo zenyukliya kunye namandla enyukliya, kwaye wacela ukupheliswa kwamandla enyukliya kunye nokusekwa kwe-Arhente yaMandla aHlaziyiweyo yeHlabathi.

Kwaye emva koko saququzelela. Ndandiqhuba inzuzo engenzi nzuzo, ndishiya i-Economist. Ndine-GRACE, iZiko eliSebenza ngeZibonelelo zeNdalo esiNgqongileyo. Ke uDavid Krieger wayengunobhala wokuqala kwi-Nuclear Age Peace Foundation, emva koko wafudukela kum, e-GRACE. Siyigcine malunga neminyaka emihlanu. Andiqondi ukuba uDavid wayeneminyaka emihlanu, kodwa yayifana nexesha leminyaka emihlanu. Emva koko sayisusa, uyazi, siyazama, besingafuni ukuyenza…

Kwaye xa ndandise-GRACE, sayifumana iarhente yamandla ezinzileyo. Sasiyinxalenye ye…

Sijoyine iKhomishini yoPhuculo oluZinzileyo, saza sanyanzelisa kwaye savelisa le ngxelo intle ngemibhalo esemazantsi eyi-188, ngo-2006, eyathi amandla azinzileyo ayenzeka ngoku, kwaye iseyinyani kwaye ndicinga ngokujikeleza loo ngxelo kwakhona kuba ayisiyiyo nyani loo nto. ngapha komhla. Kwaye ndicinga ukuba kufuneka sithethe ngendalo esingqongileyo kunye nemozulu kunye namandla azinzileyo, kunye nezixhobo zenyukliya, kuba sikule ngxaki. Singawutshabalalisa wonke umhlaba wethu ngezixhobo zenyukliya okanye ngentlekele yemozulu eyintlekele. Ke ndibandakanyeke kakhulu ngoku kumaqela ahlukeneyo azama ukudibanisa umyalezo.

Yeyiphi iminikelo elungileyo evela kwi-Abolition 2000?

Eyona nto intle yayisihlengahlengisa umhlangano wezixhobo zenyukliya kunye nabameli kunye noososayensi nabaphembeleli kunye nabenzi bomgaqo-nkqubo, kwaye yaba luxwebhu lwaseburhulumenteni lwe-UN, kwaye lwalunesivumelwano; nantsi into ekufuneka niyityikine nina bantu.

Ewe kungathethathethwana kodwa ubuncinci sibeke imodeli ukuze ibonwe ngabantu. Yaya kwihlabathi liphela. Kwaye ukufezekiswa kwamandla azinzileyo ngenye indlela…

Ndiyathetha ukuba ezo yayiziinjongo zethu ezimbini. Ngoku kwenzeke ngo-1998. Wonke umntu uthe kakuhle, "ukupheliswa ngo-2000." Sithe kufuneka sibe nomnqophiso ngonyaka ka 2000. Ngo '95, uzakwenza ntoni ngegama lakho? Ke ndithe masifumane imibutho engama-2000 kwaye sizakuthi singama-2000, ukuze sigcine igama. Ke ndicinga ukuba bekulungile. Iya kudibana. Kwakukho kumazwe amaninzi. Kwakungeyo-hierarchical kakhulu. Unobhala wemka kum waya eSteve Staples eCanada, emva koko waya kuPax Christi ePennsylvania, uDavid Robinson - akakho - emva koko uSusi wayithatha, ngoku ikwi-IPB. Kodwa okwangoku, ukugxila ku-Abolition 2000 kwakujolise kakhulu kwi-NPT, kwaye ngoku eli phulo litsha le-ICAN lakhula kuba bengazange bazifezekise izithembiso zabo.

Nditsho no-Obama. UClinton usika phantsi isiVumelwano esiBanzi soVavanyo lweBhan: ibingagqibekanga, ibingavumi ukuvavanywa. U-Obama wathembisa, ngento encinci ayenzileyo apho bazilahla khona izixhobo ze-1500, i-trillion yeedola kule minyaka ilishumi izayo kwimizi-mveliso emibini emitsha e-Kansas nase-Oak Ridge, kunye neenqwelomoya, iinkwili, imijukujelwa, iibhombu. Ke inamandla amakhulu, iimfazwe zenyukliya zilapha, kwaye iphambene. Awunakho ukuzisebenzisa. Sizisebenzise kabini kuphela.

Zeziphi iziphoso eziphambili ze-NPT?

Ewe kukho umngxunya kuba awuthembisi. Izixhobo zemichiza kunye nezinto zebhayoloji [izivumelwano] zithi azivumelekanga, azikho semthethweni, azikho semthethweni, awunakuba nazo, awunakho ukwabelana ngazo, awukwazi ukuzisebenzisa. I-NPT isitsho nje, thina mazwe mahlanu, siza kwenza iinzame zokholo-lolwimi-lwezixhobo zenyukliya. Ewe ndandikwelinye iqela lamagqwetha, iKomiti yamaGqwetha yoMgaqo-nkqubo weNyukliya eyacel 'umngeni amazwe ezixhobo zenyukliya. Sazisa ityala kwiNkundla yeHlabathi, kwaye iNkundla yeHlabathi yasiphoxa kuba bashiya umsantsa apho. Bathe, izixhobo zenyukliya ngokubanzi azikho semthethweni- kufana nokuba ukhulelwe ngokubanzi- emva koko bathi, "Asinakutsho ukuba akukho semthethweni na kwimeko apho ukusinda kukarhulumente kusesichengeni."

Ke bavumela ukuphazamiseka, kwaye kulapho kwafika umbono weSivumelwano seBan. “Mamela. Akukho semthethweni kufuneka sibenexwebhu elithi aluvumelekanga njengamachiza nezinto eziphilayo. ”

Sifumene uncedo oluninzi kuMnqamlezo obomvu waMazwe ngaMazwe otshintshe incoko kuba ibisiya iba nkulu. Yayikukuthintela kunye neqhinga lomkhosi. Kulungile bayibuyisela kwinqanaba lomntu leziphumo ezibi zokusetyenziswa kwaso nasiphi na isixhobo senyukliya. Ke bakhumbuze abantu ukuba zingantoni na ezi zixhobo. Silibale ukuba iMfazwe ebandayo iphelile.

Enye into leyo! Ndacinga ukuba ingqele iphelile, ukulunga kwam, uyazi, yintoni ingxaki? Andizange ndikholelwe ukuba babendele kangakanani. Inkqubo yokugcina ubunewunewu kaClinton yeza emva kokuba udonga luwile.

Kwaye ke babe liqela labantu abadala ababeziva kakubi ngenxa yokuba bezise iNkundla yeHlabathi [kuyo]. Ndandikwibhodi yeKomiti yamagqwetha, ndarhoxa kuba ndize kwenza ingxoxo yezomthetho. Babengaxhasi isiVumelwano seBan kuba batyale imali kakhulu kwinto abayenzileyo kwiNkundla yeHlabathi kangangokuba bazama ukuphikisana, “Ewe, sele bengekho mthethweni kwaye asidingi sivumelwano ukuba bathi kuvaliwe. ”

Kwaye ndacinga ukuba eso yayingesiso sicwangciso esihle sokutshintsha incoko ndaye ndagxothwa. “Awuyazi into oyithethayo. Andizange ndive nto isisidenge. ”

Ke ndiye ndayeka ikomiti yegqwetha labameli bezomgaqo-nkqubo weNyukliya kuba yayihlekisa.

I-NPT inemposiso ngenxa ye-5 yezixhobo zenyukliya.

Kunene. Ingathi iBhunga lezoKhuseleko lonakele. Ikwangamahlanu afanayo kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko le-UN. Uyazi, aba ngaboyisi kwiMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, kwaye izinto ziyatshintsha. Yintoni etshintshileyo, endiyithandayo, kukuba iSivumelwano seBan saxoxwa kwiNdibano Jikelele. Sigqithile kwiBhunga lezoKhuseleko, sadlula iivoti ezintlanu, kwaye savota kwaye izizwe ezili-122 zavota.

Ngoku uninzi lwezixhobo zenyukliya States zithathiwe. Benzile, bayichasa, kunye nesambrela senyukliya esidibana ne-NATO, kwaye amazwe amathathu ase-Asiya: i-Australia, iSouth Korea ne-Japan ziphantsi kothintelo lwenyukliya lwase-US.

Ke basixhasa ngento engaqhelekanga ngenene kwaye engazange ichazwe endicinga ukuba yayiyi-harbinger, xa babeqala ukuvota kwiNdibano yeZizwe eziManyeneyo nokuba kungakho na uthethathethwano, iNorth Korea ivote ewe. Akukho mntu wakha waxela oko. Ndacinga ukuba ibalulekile loo nto, babethumela umqondiso wokuba bafuna ukuvala ibhombu. Emva koko batsale… uTrump wanyulwa, izinto zaphambana.

Kwinkomfa ye-2015 NPT uMzantsi Afrika unike ingxelo ebaluleke kakhulu

ISivumelwano seBan sasiqalile. Besinayo le ntlanganiso e-Oslo, kwaye enye intlanganiso eMexico emva koko uMzantsi Afrika wanika loo ntetho kwi-NPT apho bathi oku kufana nobandlululo lwenyukliya. Asinakuhlala sibuyele kule ntlanganiso apho kungekho mntu ugcina izithembiso zakhe zokuthomalalisa izixhobo zenyukliya kunye nezixhobo zenyukliya ezibambe lonke ilizwe lithimbe iibhombu zenyukliya.

Kwaye yayingamandla amakhulu ukuya kwintlanganiso yase-Austria apho safumana ingxelo evela kuPopu Francis. Ndiyathetha ukuba iyitshintshile incoko, kwaye iVatican yayivotela ngexesha lothethathethwano kwaye yafaka iingxelo ezinkulu, kwaye uPopu ukuza kuthi ga ngelo xesha wayehlala exhasa umgaqo-nkqubo wokuthintela wase-US, kwaye bathi ukuthintela kwakulungile, kulungile ukuba izixhobo zenyukliya ukuba ubuzisebenzisa ukuzikhusela, xa ukusinda kwakho kusemngciphekweni. Yayikukuphela kwento eyenziweyo yiNkundla yeHlabathi. Iphelile ngoku.

Ke kukho incoko entsha yonke eyenzekayo ngoku kwaye sele sinamazwe alishumi elinesithoba asivumeleyo, kwaye amashumi asixhenxe okanye kunjalo asayine, kwaye sifuna i-50 ukuyilungisa ngaphambi kokuba isebenze.

Enye into enomdla, xa usithi, "Silindele iIndiya nePakistan." Asilindi iIndiya nePakistan. Njengase-India sayikhupha i-CTBT kwiKomiti yoKusetyenziswa kwezixhobo nangona bayivotayo. Ngoku sizama ukwenza into efanayo nePakistan.

Bafuna esi sivumelwano ukuba sinqumle izixhobo ezingumqobo ngenxa yezixhobo, kwaye iPakistan ithi, "Ukuba awuzukuyenza ngayo yonke into, asizukuphuma kumdyarho weplutonium."

Kwaye ngoku bacinga ukugqogqa iPakistan, kodwa i-China ne-Russia zacebisa kwi-2008 nakwi-2015 isivumelwano sokunqanda izixhobo endaweni, kwaye i-US iyayiphikisa kwiKomiti yoKhuselo. Akukho ngxoxo. Asizukuvumela nokuba ixoxwe. Akukho mntu uzisa umnqophiso kwi-UN malunga nenkcaso yethu. Silo kuphela ilizwe elizivayo.

Kwaye ndiyacinga, sijonge phambili ngoku, siza kufika njani kwizixhobo zenyukliya? Ukuba asinakubunyanga ubudlelwane be-US-Russian kwaye sithethe inyani ngayo siyakugwetywa kuba ziphantse zayi-15,000 izixhobo zenyukliya emhlabeni kwaye i-14,000 ise-US nase-Russia. Ndithetha ukuba onke amanye amazwe anewaka phakathi kwawo: yiChina, iNgilani, iFrance, i-Israel, i-Indiya, iPakistan, iNyakatho Korea, kodwa siziigorila ezinkulu kwibhlokhi kwaye bendifunda obu budlelwane. Ndiyamangaliswa.

Okokuqala ngo-1917 uWoodrow Wilson wathumela amajoni angama-30,000 eSt. Petersburg ukuya kunceda amaRashiya amhlophe ngokuchasene nemvukelo yabalimi. Ndithetha ukuba besenza ntoni apho ngo-1917? Oku kufana nobungxowankulu boyika. Uyazi ukuba kwakungekho Stalin, bekukho nje amafama azama ukuphelisa i-Tsar.

Ngapha koko yayiyinto yokuqala endayibonayo eyayimangalisa kum ukuba sasinobutshaba neRussia, kwaye emva kweMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi xa thina kunye neSoviet Union boyisa iJamani yamaNazi, saze samisela iZizwe eziManyeneyo ukuphelisa isibetho semfazwe , kwaye yayiyingcinga entle. UStalin wathi kuTruman, "Jika ibhombu kwi-UN," kuba besikhe sayisebenzisa, iHiroshima, iNagasaki, kwaye yayiyitekhnoloji eyoyikisayo leyo. UTruman uthe "hayi".

Ke uStalin wafumana eyakhe ibhombu. Wayengazukushiyeka ngasemva, kwaye xa udonga luyehla, uGorbachev noReagan badibana bathi masizilahle zonke izixhobo zethu zenyukliya, kwaye uReagan wathi, "Ewe, licebo elihle."

UGorbachev uthe, "Kodwa musa ukwenza ii-Star Wars."

Sinexwebhu endinethemba lokuba uyakubonisa ngaxa lithile "Umbono 2020" eyi-US Space Command ine-mission statement yayo, elawula kwaye ilawula umdla wase-US emajukujukwini, ukukhusela umdla notyalo-mali lwase-US. Ndiyathetha ukuba abanazintloni. Yile nto ithethwa ngxelo ye-mission evela e-US ngokusisiseko. U-Gorbachev uthe, "Ewe, kodwa sukuyenza i-Star Wars."

UReagan wathi, "Andinakuyishiya loo nto."

U-Gorbachev uthe, "Kulungile, ulibale malunga nenyukliya."

Kwaye ke babeyixhalabele kakhulu iMpuma Jamani xa udonga lwalusihla, ukuba babumbene neNtshona Jamani kwaye beyinxalenye ye-NATO kuba iRussia yalahlekelwa ngabantu abazizigidi ze-29 ngexesha leMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi ukuya kuhlaselo lwamaNazi.

Andiyikholelwa lonto. Ndithetha ukuba ndingumJuda, sithetha ngathi ngabantu abazizigidi ezithandathu. Imbi kakhulu! Ngubani owakhe weva ngamashumi amabini anesithoba ezigidi zabantu? Ndiyathetha, jonga okwenzekileyo, siphulukene ne-3,000 eNew York kunye neZiko loRhwebo leHlabathi, saqala iMfazwe yeHlabathi ye-7.

Kodwa ke uReagan uthe kuGorbachev, "Ungakhathazeki. Masivumele iMpuma Jamani idityaniswe neNtshona Jamani kwaye ningene kwi-NATO kwaye siyanithembisa ukuba asizokwandisa i-NATO intshi enye ukuya empuma.

Kwaye uJack Matlock ongunozakuzaku kaReagan eRashiya wabhala i-op-ed kwiThe Times ephinda le nto. Andenzi nje oku. Kwaye ngoku sine-NATO kanye ukuya kuthi xhaxhe kumda waseRussia!

Emva koko emva kokuba siziqhayise ngentsholongwane yethu ye-Stuxnet, uPutin wathumela ileta oh hayi nangaphambi koko.

U-Putin ubuze uClinton, "Masidibane kwaye sisike izixhobo zethu zeliwaka, sibize wonke umntu etafileni ukuba bathethe ngokuchasene nemfazwe yenyukliya, kodwa ungabeki imijukujelwa eMpuma Yurophu."

Kuba sele beqala ukubonisana neRomania ngesiseko se-missile.

UClinton wathi, "Andinakuthembisa."

Ke yayikukuphela kweso sinikelo, emva koko uPutin wacela u-Obama ukuba axoxe ngesivumelwano se-cyberpace. “Masingabi nemfazwe ye-cyber,” saza sathi hayi.

Kwaye ukuba ujonga into eyenziwa yiMelika ngoku bazilwela ukulwa ne-cyber war, balungiselela ukulwa neRussia yenyukliya, ukuba ndinganakho, ndingathanda ukufunda into eyathethwa nguPutin ngexesha leNtetho yakhe ye-Union Union ngoMatshi.

Siyamphathisa iidemon, siyamsola kulonyulo oluhlekisayo. Ndiyathetha ukuba yiKholeji yoNyulo. UGore uphumelele unyulo, sigxeka uRalph Nader owayengcwele yaseMelika. Usinike umoya ococekileyo, amanzi acocekileyo. Emva koko uHillary uphumelele unyulo kwaye sityhola iRussia endaweni yokulungisa iKholeji yethu yoNyulo ebambelela kwinyama emhlophe, efika emhlabeni eyayizama ukulawula amandla aziwayo. Njengokuba sasilahlile ubukhoboka, kwaye abafazi bafumana ivoti, kufanele ukuba siyilahle iKholeji yoNyulo.

Ngenye indlela ngo-Matshi, u-Putin uthe, "Emuva ngo-2000 i-US yabhengeza ukurhoxa kwisivumelwano somlo." (UBush uphume kuyo). "I-Russia yayichasene ngqo noku. Sibone iSivumelwano se-ABM seSoviet-US esityikitywe ngonyaka we-1972 njengelitye lembombo lenkqubo yamanye amazwe kunye nesiVumelwano sokuCuthwa kweziXhobo esiCwangcisiweyo, isiVumelwano se-ABM asidalanga nje kuphela imeko yokuthembana kodwa sathintela naliphi na iqela ekusebenziseni ngokungakhathali izixhobo zenyukliya ezazinokuba semngciphekweni. uluntu. Senze konke okusemandleni ethu ukuyekisa amaMelika ekubeni arhoxe kwisivumelwano. Yonke ilize. I-US yaphuma kwisivumelwano ngo-2002, kwanasemva koko sazama ukuphuhlisa ingxoxo eyakhayo nabantu baseMelika. Sicebise ukuba sisebenzisane kule ndawo ukunciphisa iinkxalabo kunye nokugcina imeko yethemba. Ngamaxesha athile bendicinga ukuba ukulalanisa kunokwenzeka, kodwa oku bekungazukuba njalo. Zonke izindululo zethu, zonke azamkelwanga kwaye emva koko sathi kuza kufuneka siphucule inkqubo yethu yolu qhankqalazo ukukhusela ukhuseleko lwethu. ”

Kwaye bayenzile kwaye sisebenzisa oko njengesizathu sokwakha umkhosi wethu, xa sasinethuba elifanelekileyo lokumisa ugqatso lweengalo. Balihambisa ixesha ngalinye kuthi, kwaye ixesha ngalinye salala.

Kubaluleke ngantoni kwiSivumelwano seBan?

Owu, ngoku sinokuthi akukho semthethweni, bagwetyiwe. Ayilulo uhlobo oluthile lolwimi olunqwenelekayo. Ke sinokuthetha ngamandla. I-US ayikaze ityikitye isivumelwano somhlaba, kodwa asisazenzi kwaye asizisebenzisi.

Ke siza kuyibeka ibomb, kwaye kukho amaphulo amangalisayo, ngokukodwa iphulo lokuhluza. Sifunda kubahlobo be-fossil fuel ababesithi akufuneki utyale imali kwizixhobo zenyukliya, kwaye uhlasele ubumbano. Kwaye sineprojekthi enkulu ephuma e-ICAN, Musa iBhanki kwiBhombu, eqhutywa yiNetherlands, yePax Christi, kwaye apha eNew York saba namava amnandi kangaka.

Saya kwiBhunga leSixeko sethu ukuya kuntywila. Sithethile nosihlalo wezezimali webhunga, wathi uyakubhala incwadi ayibhalele uMlawuli-olawula lonke utyalo-mali lwepenshini yesixeko, iibhiliyoni zeedola - ukuba singafumana amalungu alishumi ebhunga ukuba atyikitye naye. Ke sinekomiti encinci evela e-ICAN, kwaye ibingengomsebenzi mkhulu, kwaye siqale ngokufowuna, kwaye uninzi, njengamalungu angama-28 eBhunga lesiXeko, ukuba atyikitye le leta.

Nditsalele umnxeba uceba wam, bandixelela ukuba usekhefini likatata. Wayenomntwana wakhe wokuqala. Ndimbhalele ke ileta ende ndisithi, sisiphi isipho esimnandi emntwaneni wakho ukuba angabinalo ilizwe elingena nyukliya ukuba uyayityikitya le leta, wayisayina.

Kwakulula. Bekumnandi ngenene ukuyenza loo nto…

Kwaye nakwi-NATO States, ngekhe bayimele le nto. Abayi kuyimela kuba abantu abazi nokuba sinezixhobo zenyukliya zase-US kumazwe amahlanu e-NATO: i-Itali, iBelgium, iHolland, iJamani neTurkey. Kwaye abantu abayazi le nto, kodwa ngoku sifumana imiboniso, abantu bayabanjwa, imisebenzi yamakhuba, bonke aba nongendi nababingeleli kunye namaJesuit, umbutho olwa imfazwe, kwaye kwabakho umboniso omkhulu weziko laseJamani, kwaye yabhengezwa kwaye ndicinga ukuba iyakuba yenye indlela yokuvuselela umdla wabantu, kuba imkile. Babengacingi ngayo. Uyazi, imfazwe iphelile, kwaye akukho mntu wayesazi ukuba siphila kwezi zinto zikhomba omnye komnye, kwaye ayizukusetyenziswa ngabom, kuba ndiyathandabuza ukuba ukhona umntu onokuyenza loo nto, kodwa inokwenzeka ngeengozi. Singaba nethamsanqa ngaphandle.

Besihlala phantsi kwenkwenkwezi enethamsanqa. Kukho amabali amaninzi okuphoswa okukufutshane kwaye lo Colonel Petrov waseRussia owayeligorha elinje. Wayekwisililo somjukujelwa, kwaye wabona into ebonisa ukuba bahlaselwa sithi, kwaye wayefanele ukukhupha zonke iibhombu zakhe ngokuchasene neNew York kunye neBoston kunye neWashington, kwaye walinda kwaye yayiyikhompyutha, kwaye Ndide ndakhalimelwa ngokungalandeli imiyalelo.

EMelika, malunga neminyaka emithathu edlulileyo, kwakukho iMinot Air Force Base, eMantla Dakota, sasinenqwelomoya eyayilayishe imijukujelwa emi-6 eyayilayishe izixhobo zenyukliya eyaya eLouisiana ngengozi. Yayilahlekile kangangeeyure ezingama-36, kwaye babengazi nokuba yayiphi.

Sinethamsanqa nje. Siphila kumnandi. Oku kufana nezinto zamakhwenkwe. Imbi kakhulu. Kufuneka siyeke.

Yintoni enokwenziwa ngabantu abaqhelekileyo?  World Beyond War.

Ndicinga ukuba kufuneka siyenze banzi incoko, yiyo loo nto ndisebenza ngaphakathi World Beyond War, kuba ngumnatha omtsha omangalisayo ozama ukwenza ukuphela kwemfazwe kwiplanethi ingcinga yexesha labo, kwaye benza nephulo lokwahlulwa, hayi inyukliya kuphela kodwa yonke into, kwaye basebenza ngeKhowudi Pink entle . Banomkhankaso omtsha wokuntywila onokuthi ujoyine.

Ndiyamazi uMedea (uBenjamin) iminyaka. Ndadibana naye eBrazil. Ndidibene naye apho, ndaya eCuba, kuba ngeloxesha wayebaleka ezi hambo zisiya eCuba. Uliqhankqalazi elihle.

Ke kunjalo World Beyond War is www.worldbeyondwar.org. Joyina. Bhalisa.

Zininzi izinto onokuzenzela yona, okanye ngayo. Ungayibhalela, okanye uthethe ngayo, okanye ubhalise abantu abaninzi. Ndandikho kumbutho owawubizwa ngokuba yi-The Hunger Project ngo-1976 kwaye oko yayikukwenza ukuphela kwendlala kwiplanethi ibe lixesha lokuba lifikile ixesha, kwaye saqhubeka sibhalisa abantu, kwaye sakhupha iinyani. Nantsi into World Beyond War ayenzi, iintsomi malunga nemfazwe: ayinakuphepheka, akukho ndlela yakuyiphelisa. Kwaye emva koko izisombululo.

Kwaye sikwenzile oko ngendlala, kwaye sathi indlala ayinakuphepheka. Kukho ukutya okwaneleyo, inani labemi aliyongxaki kuba abantu banciphisa ngokuzenzekelayo ubungakanani beentsapho zabo xa besazi ukuba bayondliwa. Ke sinazo zonke ezi nyaniso besisoloko sizibeka kwilizwe lonke. Kwaye ngoku, asikayiphelisi indlala, kodwa yinxalenye yeeNjongo zoPhuhliso zeMillenium. Ingcinga ehloniphekileyo. Xa sisithi yayihlekisa, kwaye sisithi singayiphelisa imfazwe, abantu bathi, “Sukuhlekisa. Kuza kuhlala kukho iimfazwe. ”

Ewe injongo iyonke kukubonisa zonke izisombululo kunye nezinto ezinokwenzeka kunye neentsomi malunga nemfazwe nendlela esingayiphelisa ngayo. Kwaye ukujonga ubudlelwane be-US-Russia yinxalenye yayo. Kufuneka siqale ukuthetha inyani.

Ke ikhona loo nto, kwaye kukho i-ICAN, kuba bayasebenza ukufumana ibali malunga neSivumelwano seBhanti ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngokuqinisekileyo ndiza kuyikhangela loo nto www.icanw.org, Iphulo lehlabathi lokuCima izixhobo zeNyukliya.

Ndizama ukungena kuhlobo oluthile lwamandla endawo, amandla azinzileyo. Ndenza okuninzi ngoku, kuba kuyahlekisa ukuba sivumela le mibutho ukuba ityheyize inyukliya kunye nefosili kunye ne-biomass. Batshisa ukutya xa sinamandla onke elanga kunye nomoya kunye nobushushu kunye nehydro. Kwaye ukusebenza!

Ke yile nto endinokucebisa ngayo ukuba lilize.

Uza kubaxelela ntoni abantu abaxineneyo ngenxa yenqanaba lengxaki?

Ewe, okokuqala baxelele ukuba baqiniseke ukuba babhalisela ukuvota. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba bakhathalele izixhobo zenyukliya, khathalela nje ukuba ngummi! Bhalisela ukuvota, kwaye uvote abantu abafuna ukusika uhlahlo-lwabiwo mali lomkhosi kwaye bafuna ukucoca imeko-bume. Sibe nokhetho oluhle kangaka eNew York, le Alexandria Cortes. Wayehlala kwindawo endandihlala kuyo endala eBronx, apho ndakhulela khona. Kulapho ahlala khona ngoku kwaye unolu phawu lungaqhelekanga ngokuchasene nezopolitiko zokwenene, kwaye kungenxa yokuba abantu bavote. Abantu babekhathala.

Ke ndiyacinga, xa ndithetha njengomntu waseMelika, bekufanele ukuba sifuna iCivics kubo bonke abaphezulu kwisikolo esiphakamileyo, kwaye kufuneka sibe nephepha lokuvota kuphela, kwaye njengabantu abadala beza kunyulo kwaye babale iphepha lokuvota, emva koko babhalisele ukuvota. Ke banokufunda i-arithmetic, kwaye banokubhalisela ukuvota, kwaye akufuneki sibe nexhala malunga nekhompyuter eyeba ivoti yethu.

Bububhanxa obunje xa unokubala nje iivoti. Ndicinga ukuba ubumi bubaluleke kakhulu, kwaye kufuneka sijonge ukuba ngabuphi ubumi. Ndiyivile le ntetho intle ngumfazi ongumSilamsi eCanada. Kwi World Beyond War, senze nje inkomfa yaseCanada. Kuya kufuneka siphinde siqwalasele ubudlelwane bethu nomhlaba.

Kwaye wayethetha ngekoloniyalizim eyabuyela eYurophu xa babenayo i-Inquisition, kwaye andizange ndiyicinge loo nto ukubuyela umva kangako. Ndacinga ukuba sayiqala eMelika, kodwa babeyiqala xa baphosa amaSilamsi kunye namaJuda eSpain. Kwaye bebesenza ngelo xesha kwaye kufuneka siyicinge kwakhona le nto. Kufuneka sinxibelelane nomhlaba, nabantu, kwaye siqale ukuthetha inyani ngezinto, kuba ukuba asinyanisekanga ngayo, asinakuyilungisa.

Yintoni intshukumisa yakho?

Ewe, ndicinga ukuba nditshilo ekuqaleni. Ukuqala kwam ukuba litshantliziyo ndaphumelela. Ndiyathetha ukuba ndibambe yonke iDemocratic Party! Kuyinyani ukuba abeendaba basoyisile. Saya kwiCongress saza saphumelela. Sinabo ukuba benze urhoxiso, kodwa sihlala siphulukana ngelixa siphumelela.

Ndiyathetha ukuba kufana namanyathelo ayi-10 aya phambili, inyathelo elinye ukubuya umva. Ke yile nto indigcina ndiqhubeka. Akufani nokuba andiphumelelanga, kodwa andiphumelelanga ngokwenene ngaphandle kwemfazwe. Ayizizo izixhobo zenyukliya kuphela, izixhobo zenyukliya sisincam somkhonto.

Kuya kufuneka sisuse zonke izixhobo.

Kwakukhuthaza kakhulu xa aba bantwana bematsha beyokulwa uMkhosi weSizwe [uMbutho]. Sasinabantu abangamawaka alikhulu abamatsha eNew York, kwaye bonke babebancinci. Bambalwa kakhulu ubudala bam. Kwaye babebhalisa abantu ukuba bavote kwi-Intanethi. Kwaye le yiprayimari yokugqibela ebesinayo eNew York, bekukho abantu abaphindwe kabini kunabantu abavota kwiziprayimari njengonyaka ongaphambili.

Uhlobo olufana nee-60s ngoku, abantu bayasebenza. Bayazi ukuba kufuneka. Ayikokulahla nje izixhobo zenyukliya, kuba ukuba siyasusa emfazweni, siza kulahla izixhobo zenyukliya.

Mhlawumbi izixhobo zenyukliya zikhetheke kakhulu. Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba ingcwatywa phi imizimba, kwaye ulandele umkhankaso we-ICAN, kodwa akufuneki ube sisazinzulu se-rocket ukuze wazi ukuba imfazwe iyahlekisa. Yinkulungwane yama-20 le!

Asikhange siphumelele imfazwe ukusukela kwiMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, ngoku senzani apha?

Yintoni ekufuneka iguqulwe eMelika ukuze ihambisane nemfazwe?

Imali. Kufuneka siyibuyisele ngaphakathi. Sasiqhele ukuba neMfundiso yoBulungisa apho ungakwazanga ukulawula amaza omoya ngenxa yokuba unemali. Kuya kufuneka sibuyise uninzi lwezi zinto ziluncedo. Ndicinga ukuba kufuneka siyenze inkampani yethu yombane eNew York. IBoulder, eColorado bayenzile loo nto, kuba babetyhala iinyukliya kunye ne-fossil emqaleni, kwaye bafuna umoya nelanga, kwaye ndicinga ukuba kufuneka sizilungiselele ngokwezoqoqosho, ngokwasentlalweni. Kwaye yile nto uyibonayo kuBernie.

Iyakhula… Senze uvo loluntu. Iipesenti ezingama-87 zabantu baseMelika bathi masizilahle, ukuba wonke umntu uyavuma. Ke sinoluvo loluntu kwicala lethu. Kufuneka siyiququzelele kwezi bhloko zoyikekayo zisungulwe sisilumkiso sika-Eisenhower; ezomkhosi-ezemizi-mveliso, kodwa ndiyibiza ngokuba yeyasemkhosini-kwimizi-mveliso, kwinkongolo yemithombo yeendaba. Kuninzi ukugxila.

I-Occupy Wall Street, bakhuphe le meme: i-1% xa ithelekiswa ne-99%. Abantu bebengazi ukuba yonke into ihanjiswa gwenxa kangakanani.

I-FDR isindise iMelika kubuKomanisi xa yayisenza uKhuseleko loLuntu. Wabelana nabanye ngobutyebi, emva koko kwaqala ukubawa kwakhona, kunye noReagan ngoClinton no-Obama, yiyo loo nto keonyulwe uTrump, kuba abantu abaninzi bonzakala.

Iingcamango zokugqibela

Inye kuphela into endingakhange ndikuxelele yona enokuba inomdla.

Kwiminyaka engama-50 sasisoyika ubukomanisi. Ndaya eQueens College. Yayiyi-McCarthy Era, eMelika. Ndaya kwiKholeji yaseQueens ngo-1953, kwaye ndinengxoxo nomntu othile, kwaye uthi, “Apha. Kuya kufuneka uyifunde le nto. ”

Kwaye undinika le ncwadana kwaye ithi "Iqela lamaKomanisi laseMelika", kwaye intliziyo yam iyahlaba. Ndiyoyika. Ndayibeka ibhegi yam yencwadi. Ndikhwela ibhasi egodukayo. Ndiya ngqo kumgangatho we-8th, ndahamba ndaya kwi-incinerator, ndiyilahle phantsi ndingajonganga. Yindlela esoyika ngayo.

Ke kwi-1989 okanye nantoni na, emva kokuba uGorbachev engenile, ndandikunye ne-Lawyers Alliance, ndaya okokuqala eSoviet Union.

Okokuqala, wonke umntu ongaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 wayenxibe iimedali zakhe zeMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, kwaye zonke ikona zezitalato zazinelitye lesikhumbuzo kwabafileyo, izigidi ezingama-29, emva koko uye emangcwabeni eLeningrad kwaye kukho amangcwaba amakhulu, iziduli ezinkulu zabantu. Abantu abangama-400,000. Ndijonge le nto, kwaye isikhokelo sam sathi kum, "Kutheni nina maMelika ningasithembi?"

Ndathi, “Kutheni singakuthembe? Kuthekani ngeHungary? Kuthekani ngeCzechoslovakia? ”

Uyazi, oziqhenyayo waseMelika. Undijonge ngenyembezi. Uthi, "Kodwa kwafuneka sikhusele ilizwe lethu eJamani."

Kwaye ndajonga lo mfo, yayiyinyaniso yabo leyo. Ayisiyiyo le nto bayenzileyo yayilungile, kodwa ndithetha ukuba bebesenza uloyiko lokuhlaselwa, kwaye nokuba bebandezelekile, kwaye besingalifumani ibali elilungileyo.

Ke ndicinga ukuba siza kwenza uxolo ngoku, kufuneka siqale ukuthetha inyani malunga nobudlelwane bethu, kwaye ngubani owenza ntoni kubani, kwaye kufuneka sivuleke ngakumbi, kwaye ndicinga ukuba kuyenzeka nge # MeToo , kunye nemifanekiso eqingqiweyo yeConfederate, kunye noChristopher Columbus. Ndiyathetha ukuba akukho mntu wakha wacinga ngenyaniso yaloo nto, kwaye sinjalo ngoku. Ke ndicinga ukuba xa siqala ukujonga eyona nto yenzekayo, sinokwenza ngokufanelekileyo.