NguPeter Maass, Ukuthintela, Novemba 7, 2022
Iimfazwe zase-Iraq nase-Afghanistan zenza isizukulwana samagqala, uninzi lwabo lujongene nezilingo zokuvukela urhulumente nolunye ulwaphulo-mthetho.
NATHAN BEDFORD FORREST wayeyenye yeenjengele ezindlongondlongo zesizukulwana sakhe, kwaye emva kokuba inkonzo yakhe yasemkhosini iphelile ngendlela ekrakra, wagoduka waya eTennessee waza wafumana indlela entsha yokulwa. Injengele eyoyisiweyo kumkhosi we-Confederate, uForrest wajoyina iKu Klux Klan kwaye yabizwa ngokuba "ngu-wizard omkhulu."
IForrest yayikwiliza lokuqala lamagqala aseMelika aguqukela kuloyiko lwasekhaya emva kokuba ebuyele ekhaya. Kwenzeka kwakhona emva koko IMfazwe Yehlabathi I neye-II, emva kwemfazwe yaseKorea neVietnam - kwaye kwenzeka emva kweemfazwe e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Ityala lokuvukela urhulumente ngoku eWashington, DC, linabamangalelwa abahlanu abatyholwa ngokuzama ukubhukuqa urhulumente nge-6 kaJanuwari 2021, kwaye abane ngamagqala, kubandakanya. Stewart Rhodes, owaseka umkhosi wabagcini-zifungo. NgoDisemba, elinye ityala lokuvukela urhulumente limiselwe amalungu amahlanu omkhosi weProud Boys - abane kubo bebesemkhosini.
Inqaku apha asikokuba bonke okanye amagqala amaninzi ayingozi. Abo babandakanyeka kumbono ogqithileyo bayinxalenye yabantu baseMelika abangaphezu kwezigidi ezili-18 abebekwimikhosi exhobileyo babuyela kubomi basekuhlaleni ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kubundlobongela bezopolitiko. Kubantu abangama-897 abatyholwa emva kovukelo kaJanuwari 6, i-118 inemvelaphi yasemkhosini, ngokutsho Inkqubo ye-Extremism kwiYunivesithi yaseGeorge Washington. Inqaku lelokuba inani elincinane lamagqala linempembelelo yangaphandle kubundlobongela obuphezulu kwabamhlophe, ngenxa yentlonipho ephuma kwinkonzo yabo yasemkhosini. Ngelixa bengabo bangaphandle bephuma kwinyambalala yezilwanyana ezithobela umthetho, ziziintente zoloyiko lwasekhaya.
UMichael Jensen, umphandi ophezulu kwiYunivesithi yaseMaryland's Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism uthi: “Xa aba bafana bezibandakanya kwizinto ezibaxiweyo, badubula phezulu kwaye basebenza kakuhle ekufuneni abantu abaninzi ukuba baye kuvuma. .
Esi sisiphumo sokuba uluntu lwethu luhlonele umkhosi omkhulu kwaye lusiya emfazweni ngamaxesha athile: Le minyaka ingama-50 idlulileyo yobugrogrisi ilawulwa ngamadoda anemvelaphi yasemkhosini. Okona kudume kakubi, kwakukho igqala leMfazwe yeGulf uTimothy McVeigh, owadubula ibhombu kwisiXeko sase-Oklahoma ngowe-1995 eyabulala abantu abali-168. Kwakukho u-Eric Rudolph, ugqirha wezilwanyana owatyala iibhombu kwii-Olimpiki zase-Atlanta ngo-1996 kunye neekliniki ezimbini zokuqhomfa kunye nebhari yamafanasini. Kwakukho Louis Beam, igqala laseVietnam kunye noKlansman owaba ngumbono omnyama wentshukumo yamandla amhlophe ngeminyaka yoo-1980 waza wavavanywa ngenxa yokuvukela urhulumente ngowe-1988 (wakhululwa, kunye nabanye abamangalelwa abali-13). Uluhlu luphantse lungabinasiphelo: Umseki kwiCandelo le-neo-Nazi Atomwaffen yayingugqirha wezilwanyana, ngelixa umseki weSiseko, elinye iqela le-neo-Nazi, waye ikontraka yezobuntlola kumkhosi wase-US e-Iraq nase-Afghanistan. Kwaye umntu lowo hlaselwa i-ofisi ye-FBI e-Cincinnati emva kokuba ii-arhente zomdibaniso zikhangele i-Mar-a-Lago kwikhaya lalowo wayesakuba nguMongameli uDonald Trump ngo-Agasti yayi-uqikelele - igqala.
Ecaleni nobundlobongela, abantu abaphambili kwezopolitiko bavela emkhosini kwaye baqhayisa ngenkonzo yabo yexesha lemfazwe, njengalowo owayesakuba ngu-Gen. Michael Flynn, oye wavela njengomgqugquzeli ophakamileyo we-QAnon-ish yeethiyori zeyelenqe kunye ne umkhanyeli wonyulo. E-New Hampshire, owayesakuba ngu-Gen. Donald Bolduc ungumviwa we-GOP we-Senate kunye nomsasazi weengcamango ze-lunatic ezibandakanya ingcamango yokuba abantwana besikolo bavunyelwe ukuchonga njengeekati kwaye basebenzise iibhokisi ze-litter (yenza uphendlo lwewebhu "kwibhokisi ye-litter ye-Bolduc"). . Umgqatswa weGOP uDoug Mastriano, kuxelwe ukuba “umntu okhomba”yeskimu sikaTrump sonyulo lobuxoki ePennsylvania, waligquma iphulo lakhe ngemifanekiso yasemkhosini kangangokuba iPentagon. wamxelela ukuyicofa kwakhona.
I "kutheni" yale pateni inzima. Xa iimfazwe zithe chatha ubuxoki obuphezulu kunye nokufa okungenanjongo njengaseVietnam, Iraq, nase-Afghanistan, akukho kunqongophala kwezizathu ezivakalayo zokuba amagqala azive engcatshiwe ngurhulumente wawo. Ukushiya inkonzo kunokuba yinkqubo enqabileyo nangaphandle kwaloo mthwalo. Emva kweminyaka kwiziko elizise ucwangco kunye nentsingiselo kubomi babo-kwaye elichaza umhlaba ngendlela elula yokubini kokulungileyo ngokuchasene nobubi-amagqala angaziva esekhaya kwaye alangazelela injongo kunye nobudlelwane ababenabo emkhosini. Njengoko imikhosi ekhethekileyo igqala-wajika-intatheli uJack Murphy wabhala wamaqabane akhe awawela ku-QAnon nezinye iingqondo zeyelenqe, “Uye ube yinxalenye yentshukumo yabantu abanengqondo efanayo, usilwa nobubi ngembono yehlabathi oye wakhululeka kuyo. Ngoku uyasazi isizathu sokuba ungayiqondi iMelika, kungengenxa yokuba wawunembono ephuthileyo ngayo kwasekuqaleni, kodwa ngenxa yokuba iye yajongelwa phantsi nguSathana.”
Kukho enye into eyongezelelekileyo yokuba umbhali-mbali Kathleen Belew ibonisa: ukuba nangona indima yamagqala kubugrogrisi basekhaya ingaxatyiswa kangako, ayingabo bodwa abangaphazanyiswa yimfazwe.
"Eyona nto inkulu [kugrogriso lwasekhaya] ibonakala ingeyiyo le nto besihlala siyicinga, nokuba kukuthanda abantu, ukufudukela kwelinye ilizwe, intlupheko, umthetho omkhulu wamalungelo oluntu," utshilo uBelew ipodcast yakutshanje. “Kubonakala ngathi yimiphumo yemfazwe. Oku kubalulekile kungekuphela nje ngenxa yobukho bamagqala kunye nemikhosi esebenzayo ngaphakathi kula maqela. Kodwa ndicinga ukuba ibonakalisa into enkulu ngakumbi, kukuba umlinganiselo wobundlobongela bazo zonke iintlobo kuluntu lwethu ukhula emva kwemfazwe. Lo mlinganiso udlulela kumadoda nabasetyhini, udlula kubantu abakhe bakhonza nabangakhange basebenze, udlula kwiqela lobudala. Kukho into ngathi sonke efumanekayo kwizenzo zobundlobongela emva kongquzulwano. "
Ngo-2005 into ebizwa ngokuba yimfazwe yobugrogrisi zichanekile nguMongameli uGeorge W. Bush "njengokuthatha umlo kubanqolobi phesheya ukuze singajongani nabo apha ekhaya." Umnqa kukuba ezo mfazwe - leyo indleko iitriliyoni zeedola kwaye yabulala amakhulu amawaka abantu - endaweni yoko yatshintsha isizukulwana sabavukeli baseMelika abathi kwiminyaka ezayo baza kwenza ubundlobongela kwilizwe ebekufanele ukuba balikhusele. Eli selinye ityala elimangalisayo ekufuneka iinkokeli zethu zezopolitiko kunye nezomkhosi zijongane nempindezelo yembali.
